Major Factors Controlling Formation of Oil Shale in Nenjiang Formation of Songliao Basin
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摘要: 松辽盆地嫩江组一段和二段发育的油页岩是极其优质烃源岩, 生物标志化合物参数指示油页岩母质生源主要来自于水生生物其繁盛受温湿气候和湖泊富营养化控制.岩石学、元素地球化学、生物标志化合物等参数表明, 高盐和缺氧条件下的稳定水体分层是嫩一段油页岩沉积时期有机质保存的主控因素, 而嫩二段油页岩沉积时期水体盐度分层明显减弱, 此时藻类个体增大和孤立藻数量增多条件下的高生物生产力有利于有机质富集.为揭示嫩江组不同沉积环境下油页岩发育的控制因素, 建立了嫩一段油页岩沉积时期保存条件控制和嫩二段油页岩沉积时期生物生产力控制的两种有机质富集模式, 这对含氧淡水大型陆相湖泊的有机质富集成因探讨具有重要借鉴意义.Abstract: Oil shales are present in the Nenjiang Formation of Songliao basin, representing excellent source rocks. Their biomarker compositions provide evidence for a major contribution of aquatic organism. Phytoplankton blooms were promoted by warm-humid climate, and lake eutrophication. Based on the parameters from petrology, element geochemistry and biomarker, a stratified water column with high salinity and anoxic bottom water conditions contributes to OM (organic matter) preservation in the lower oil shale layer. In contrast, under decreased salinity stratified water, high bioproductivity in combination with OM preservation favoured by enhanced algae sizes and telalginite concentrations are suggested as the OM enrichment mechanisms in the upper oil shale layer. In this study, a model of predominant preservation within the lower oil shale layer and a model of dominant productivity within the upper oil shale layer are established. This result can be used as an important indicator for probing into the genesis of OM enrichment in the large continental lake with partial oxygenation and fresh water.
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Key words:
- oil shale /
- biomarker composition /
- bioproductivity /
- preservation /
- petroleum geology /
- Songliao basin /
- Nenjiang Formation
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图 1 嫩江组Zk3389井岩性剖面及沉积相分布
Fig. 1. Lithologic profile of Well Zk3389 and areal distribution of sedimentary facies from the Nenjiang Formation
图 3 嫩江组油页岩饱和烃质量色谱图(GC-MS)
Fig. 3. Mass chromatograms of oil shale in the Nenjiang Formation
图 4 嫩江组油页岩反射荧光显微照片
有机显微组分主要包括代表水生低等植物的层状藻和结构藻及代表陆源高等植物的镜质体、孢子体和惰质体
Fig. 4. Maceral photographs of oil shales from the Nenjiang Formation
图 5 嫩江组MTTC比值与Pr/Ph交会(底图据Schwark et al., 1998)
Fig. 5. Plot of MTTC ratio vs. Pr/Ph for the Nenjiang Formation
图 6 嫩江组TOC与粘土矿物含量交会
Fig. 6. Plot of TOC and clay mineral contents from the Nenjiang Formation
图 7 松辽盆地嫩江组有机质富集模式
Fig. 7. Enrichment models of organic matter in the Nenjiang Formation of the Songliao basin
表 1 嫩江组体积和元素地球化学指标
Table 1. Bulk geochemical and element geochemical parameters in the Nenjiang Formation
层位 岩性 响应值 TOC(%) Tmax
(℃)HI
(mg/g TOC)P(%) Ti(%) Sr/Ba V/Ni Sr/Cu δ18O
(10-3，PDB)嫩二
晚期泥岩段 均值/n=5 1.9 435 206 0.09 0.31 0.41 3.5 5.4 -11.0 范围 1.7~2.5 434~439 100~299 0.08~0.09 0.27~0.35 0.40~0.42 3.2~3.8 5.4~5.5 -11.3~-10.8 嫩二
早期泥岩段 均值/n=8 2.7 437 445 0.04 0.22 0.41 2.8 3.0 -12.6 范围 2.0~3.9 427~441 282~556 0.04~0.04 0.16~0.27 0.38~0.44 1.6~3.4 2.8~3.0 / 油页岩段 均值/n=13 7.9 434 682 0.16 0.24 0.47 3.2 2.4 -12.5 范围 5.3~11.9 427~437 614~736 0.05~0.39 0.18~0.29 0.38~0.62 2.1~3.9 1.7~3.6 -12.9~-12.0 嫩一
时期泥岩段 均值/n=16 1.8 435 414 0.07 0.27 0.97 4.3 9.6 -7.7 范围 0.7~3.4 432~440 109~632 0.04~0.12 0.25~0.29 0.68~1.12 2.4~5.2 6.2~13.6 -10.4~-5.6 油页岩段 均值/n=6 6.4 435 696 0.06 0.27 0.77 4.5 4.4 -9.3 范围 4.7~8.8 431~438 666~737 0.04~0.09 0.26~0.27 0.64~0.90 4.4~4.7 2.8~6.4 / 注：体积和同位素参数测试于奥地利Montanuniversität Leobe有机地球化学实验室；元素测试于核工业北京地质研究院分析测试研究中心. 
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表 2 嫩江组生物标志化合物指标
Table 2. Biomarker parameters from the Nenjiang formation
层位 岩性 响应值 CPI Pr/Ph C27/C29
甾烷4-甲基
甾烷藿烷
含量22S/
(22S+22R)
升藿烷伽马蜡
烷指数MTTC
比值β-胡萝
卜烷芳基类异
戊二烯甾类/
藿类嫩二
早期泥岩
段均值/n=3 2.7 1.4 0.60 555 257 0.40 0.12 0.75 7 0.3 2.8 范围 2.4~3.1 1.2~1.5 (0.4~0.8) 396~835 201~358 0.38~0.41 0.09~0.15 0.72~0.76 5~10 0.2~0.4 2.6~3.2 油页
岩段均值/n=7 2.7 1.2 0.71 797 534 0.35 0.10 0.80 13 0.8 2.6 范围 2.2~3.1 0.9~1.4 (0.6~0.9) 570~1 017 249~851 0.34~0.36 0.07~0.14 0.69~0.88 3~26 0.5~1.5 2.0~3.3 嫩一
时期泥岩
段均值/n=6 1.4 0.4 0.70 579 516 0.40 0.33 0.51 55 1.5 2.3 范围 1.2~1.6 0.3~0.5 (0.6~0.8) 217~1 016 250~747 0.37~0.44 0.19~0.52 0.37~0.63 27~88 0.8~2.4 1.4~3.3 油页
岩段均值/n=3 1.4 0.3 0.66 764 628 0.38 0.25 0.49 64 1.9 1.8 范围 1.3~1.6 0.3~0.4 (0.6~0.8) 301~1 004 372~807 0.37~0.39 0.22~0.29 0.39~0.58 51~78 1.1~2.0 1.6~2.0 注：样品数据测试于奥地利Montanuniversität Leobe有机地球化学实验室；4-甲基甾烷、藿烷含量、β-胡萝卜烷、芳基类异戊二烯，单位为μg/g TOC.
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