A New Perspective for Research of Dabie-Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks: Application of Optical Microscope-Based Cathodoluminescence
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摘要: 利用偏光显微镜阴极发光技术可观察到其他常规成分结构测试法不易识别或容易忽略的多种矿物的生长结构, 该技术是进行后续成分分析的有效预研究手段, 可为重建矿物形成演化过程提供重要信息.该技术在国际岩石矿物学、油气储层及矿床学领域应用广泛, 但在变质岩研究领域的应用较薄弱.综述该技术在国际超高压变质岩研究领域的应用, 并利用其对大别-苏鲁超高压变质带经典地区的超高压榴辉岩、云母片岩、大理岩进行初步研究, 讨论它在多期微细矿物相快速鉴别、生长环带、微量元素分布规律、双晶纹、出溶结构等内部结构表征方面的应用价值和前景.偏光显微镜阴极发光技术与拉曼光谱、扫描电镜、电子探针等分析技术相结合, 可为我国超高压变质岩的研究开辟和扩展一条新思路.Abstract: With the use of optical microscope-based cathodoluminescence (OM-CL), many kinds of growth textures of minerals can be observed, which are either indiscernable or to be omitted easily with other routine analytical methods. OM-CL is an effective pre-research technique prior to other follow-up component analysis, which can provide important information for reconstructing formation and evolution processes of minerals. This technique has wide-spread applications in international petromineralogy, oil and gas reservoir and mineral deposits, but is relatively weak in metamorphic rocks. The applications of OM-CL in the UHP (ultra high power) metamorphic rocks are reviewed in this paper, as well as preliminary studies by OM-CL on ultrahigh-pressure eclogites, micaschist and marble at classical areas in the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic belt. And its application and prospect in the fast identification of multi-phase tiny mineral facies and internal structural characterization, including growth zoning, distribution of trace elements, twinning and exsolution texture are discussed. A new perspective for our research on ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks can be developed when combining OM-CL with mineral chemistry analysis techniques such as Roman spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA).
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图 1 各超高压-高压变质带中不同矿物的典型阴极发光图像(引自Schertl et al., 2004, 2012; Mosenfelder et al., 2005; Sobolev et al., 2011; Götze et al., 2012)
a~c为柯石英及假象的阴极发光(a, c)和单偏光(b)图像，CL下柯石英(蓝色)-栅状石英(紫罗兰色)-玉髓(黄棕色)；d~e为镁铝榴石阴极发光图像，d显示核部和边部发光强度不同，e显示出典型生长环带；f为透辉石阴极发光图像，核部呈绿色，边部为蓝色；g~h为硬玉显微特征对比，CL可以显示出3期硬玉生长阶段；i为方解石+霰石多相包裹体阴极发光图像；j, k, l分别为蓝晶石生长环带、双晶纹和海绵状生长结构.其中，Ab.钠长石；Ar.文石；Cal.方解石；Cha.玉髓；Cpx.单斜辉石；Cs.柯石英；Dol.白云石；Grt.石榴石；Jd.硬玉；Ky.蓝晶石；Mnz.独居石；Pal-Cs.栅状石英；Phg.多硅白云母；Prp.镁铝榴石；Qz.石英；Rt.金红石；Zrn.锆石
Fig. 1. Typical CL microphotographs of different minerals from several UHP-HP metamorphic belts
图 2 德国波鸿大学HC1-CM型“热阴极”偏光显微镜发光仪主要部件组成(部分修编于Götze and Kempe, 2008)
a, b分别为“热阴极”发光仪内部配置和电子枪构成
Fig. 2. Principle components of type HC1-CM hot-cathode microscope developed at the Ruhr-University, Bochum
图 3 大别-苏鲁地区不同类型榴辉岩偏光显微照片与阴极发光特征对比
a, b.仰口24b和双河SH2样品中柯石英及其假象的阴极发光图像，柯石英呈蓝色，栅状石英为紫罗兰色；c, d.YK3样品中蓝晶石的正交光和CL图像，蓝晶石在偏光镜下(c)特征不明显，而在CL下(d)则为鲜红色，分布特征可以清楚识别；e, f.重晶石的显微特征对比，正交镜下(e)特征不明显，而CL下(f)表现为蓝色；g.SH2中磷灰石包裹体CL图像，磷灰石表现为亮白色；h.退变质榴辉岩(YK15)中磷灰石CL图像，磷灰石呈黄色，边部和核部发光强度不同，核部颜色更暗.其中，Omp.绿辉石；Brt.重晶石；Ap.磷灰石；Sym.后成合晶；其他见图 1
Fig. 3. Comparison of cathodoluminescence characteristics with polarized micrographs for different types of eclogites in Dabie-Sulu area
图 4 云母片岩、长英质片麻岩和绿辉石大理岩显微特征对比
a, b.含蓝晶石云母片岩正交偏光图像(a)与阴极发光图像(b)对比，CL下蓝晶石为鲜红色，石英呈暗棕红色，云母不发光；c, d.长英质片麻岩正交偏光图像(c)与阴极发光图像(d)对比，石英发暗棕红色光，长石呈蓝-紫色和浅蓝色；e, f.绿辉石大理岩典型显微特征对比，CL下(f)可看到角闪石和白云石之间的鲜黄色反应边.其中，Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Hbl.角闪石；其他见图 1及图 3
Fig. 4. Comparison of microscopic features for micaschist, quartz-feldspathic gneiss and marble
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