Sedimentary Environment and Its Evolution of Qiongzhou Strait and Nearby Seas since Last Ten Thousand Years
-
摘要: 对琼州海峡及周边海域约600个表层样品进行粒度分析后发现，琼州海峡内沉积物以粗粒的含砾砂及砂为主，自海峡内向口外则由砂向粉砂过渡，最外侧分布有更细粒的粘土质粉砂，东口砂质沉积物边缘以弧形分布为主，西口呈指状分布.按峰态类型可将粒度频率曲线分布划分为海峡东单峰态、海峡东双峰态、海峡内单双峰态、海峡西单峰态及海峡西双峰态5个区域.采用GSTA模型对沉积物运移趋势分析后发现，沉积物在海峡内主要由南北两侧向中间运移，海峡东口沉积物具有比较明显的由口内向口外输运的趋势，海峡西部沉积物出海峡口后显示了向北输运的趋势，沉积物粒度特征分布及运移趋势说明海峡内及两侧三角洲内沉积物主要来自于海峡底部及南北两岸的潮流冲刷物.根据琼州海峡现代沉积环境，结合周边4个柱状沉积物粒度及14C测年分析，发现琼州海峡的最终形成大约开始在距今8 000 a前，由于海平面的上升，潮流作用塑造了海峡初期的地貌，直到距今约5 000 ~4 600 a前，琼州海峡一直处于快速发展阶段，潮流三角洲发育也最广，之后由于暖期的结束，海平面下降，随着潮流作用的减弱，琼州海峡趋于稳定状态，逐渐形成今天的海峡及口外水下三角洲地貌.Abstract: About 600 surface sediment samples were collected in the Qiongzhou Strait and the surrounding marine environment, and were analyzed particle-size distribution. Results show that the sediments are dominated by sand and gravel sandsinside the Qiongzhou Strait, and the sediments change gradually from coarser to finer particles, mostly silt and clay sized, away from the inner strait areas to the outside areas. The boundaries of sand sediments spread arched in the east mouth, whereas they spread in the shape of fingers in the west. The distribution of grain size frequency curve can be divided into 5 categories, (a) single kurtosis to the east strait, (b) east strait double kurtosis, (c) single and double kurtosis in the strait, (d) west strait single kurtosis, and (e) west strait double kurtosis. The sediment transport trends was analyzed by the GSTA model, which shows that the sediment mainly moved from the north and south sides to the middle into the strait, whereas in the east area the sediments moved obviously from the strait to the outside sea, and there was a northward trend in the west area. Both the distribution of grain size and the transport trend of the sediments show that the sediments mainly originated from the bottom and side of the strait which were eroded by the tides. Based on interpretation of the modern depositional environment in the Qiongzhou Strait, combined with the grain size characters and the AMS-14C data of 4 core samples which were obtained by the gravity corer, it is concluded that the final formation of the Qiongzhou Strait began about 8 000 a ago due to the rise of sea level, and the initial landform was shaped by the tides. In addition, about 5 000 to 4 600 a ago, the Qiongzhou Strait has been in a stage of rapid development, and the tidal deltas spread most widely until the end of the warm period when the sea level dropped and the tide power weakened, which led to the stabilization and formation of the present Qiongzhou Strait.
-
Key words:
- grain size /
- sediment /
- sedimentary evolution /
- Qiongzhou Strait /
- oceanography
-
图 1 沉积物站位分布
·.表层样采样点；■.柱状采样点；自东北顺时针方向依次为：B1098，B1047，B429，B620
Fig. 1. The distribution of sediment positions
图 7 南海北部夏季海流分布(杨士瑛等，2003)
Fig. 7. The distribution of summer ocean currents in the north of South China Sea
-
Allen, G.P., 1971. Relationship between Grain Size Parameter Distribution and Current Patterns in the Gironde Estuary (France). Journal of Sedimentary Research, 41(1): 74-88. doi: 10.1306/74D721EE-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D Chen, L., Zhang, Y.F., Li, T.J., et al., 2013. Geochemical Characteristics and the Source of Major Elements in the Surface Sediments from Pearl River Estuary to Hainan in South China Sea. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(1): 130-138 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB201301015.htm Chen, M., 2001. Granularity Characters of Sediments in Northeastern South China Sea. Geological Research of South China Sea, 13: 80-89 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-NHDZ200100008.htm Emery, K.O., Gould, H., 1948. A Code for Expressing Grain Size Distribution. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 18(1): 14-23. doi: 10.1306/d42692dd-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d Gao, S., 2009. Grain Size Trend Analysis: Principle and Applicability. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 27(5): 826-836 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200905008.htm Gao, S., Collins, M., 1998. The Use of Grain Size Trends in Marine Sediment Dynamics. Bulletin of National Science Foundation of China, 4: 241-246 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shu_Gao/publication/225357337_The_use_of_grain_size_trends_in_marine_sediment_dynamics_A_review/links/546df43b0cf2bc99c215047b.pdf Gao, W.L., Zhang, F.Y., Zhang, W.Y., et al., 2009. Characteristics of Grain Size Distributions of Surface Sediments in the Hainan Island Offshore Area. Marine Science Bulletin, 28(2): 71-80 (in Chinese with English abstract). Hajek, E.A., Huzurbazar, S.V., Mohrig, D., et al., 2010. Statistical Characterization of Grain-Size Distributions in Sandy Fluvial Systems. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 80(2): 184-192. doi: 10.2110/jsr.2010.020 Jia, J.J., Gao, S., Xue, Y.C., 2002. Grain-Size Parameters Derived from Graphic and Moment Methods: A Comparative Study. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 33(6): 577-582 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYFZ200206001.htm Jin, B., Bao, C.W., Lin, J.S., 1982. Geomorphic Feature and Origin of the Deltas at the East and West Mouthes of Qiongzhou Strait. Marine Geological Research, 2(4): 94-101 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ198204014.htm Klovan, J.E., 1966. The Use of Factor Analysis in Determining Depositional Environments from Grain-Size Distributions. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 36(1): 115-125. doi: 10.1306/74d7141a-2b21-11d7-8648000102c1865d Li, X.J., Wang, L.Q., Liang, K., et al., 2002. Stratigraphic Classification and Engineering Geological Characteristics of the Sea Floor in Qiongzhou Strait. Guangdong Geology, 17(4): 50-57 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, Z.S., Zhao, H.T., Fan, S.Q., et al., 2002. South China Sea Geology. Science Press, Beijing, 73-77 (in Chinese). Ma, F., Wang, Y.P., Li, Y., et al., 2008. The Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Grain Size Trend in the Eastern Beibu Gulf. Acta Geographica Sinica, 63(11): 1207-1217 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/paper/1564622 McLaren, P., 1981. An Interpretation of Trends in Grain Size Measures. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 51(2): 611-624. doi: 10.1306/212f7cf2-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d McLaren, P., Bowles, D., 1985. The Effects of Sediment Transport on Grain-Size Distributions. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 55(4): 457-470. doi: 10.1306/212f86fc-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d McManus, J., 1988. Grain Size Determination and Interpretation. In: Tucker, M., ed., Techniques in Sedimentology. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, 63-85. Peng, X.C., 2000. Geological Structure Characteristics and Cause of Formation Analyzing in Qiongzhou Strait, South China Sea. Geological Research of South China Sea, (12): 44-57 (in Chinese with English abstract). Shi, M.C., Chen, C.H., Huang, F., et al., 1998. Characteristics of Tidal Current and Residual Current in the Qiongzhou Straits in Period between End of Winter and Beginning of Spring. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 20(1): 1-10 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=SEAC801.000&dbcode=CJFD&year=1998&dflag=pdfdown Swan, D., Clague, J.J., Luternauer, J.L., 1978. Grain-Size Statistics Ⅰ: Evaluation of the Folk and Ward Graphic Measures. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 48(3): 863-878. doi: 10.1306/212f7595-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d Xu, Z.W., Wang, Y.P., Li, Y., et al., 2010. Sediment Transport Patterns in the Eastern Beibu Gulf Based on Grain-Size Multivariate Statistics and Provenance Analysis. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(3): 67-78 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=34509344 Yang, S.Y., Bao, X.W., Chen, C.S., et al., 2003. Analysis on Characteristics and Mechanism of Current System in West Coast of Guangdong Province in the Summer. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 25(6): 1-8 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, H.N., Chen, W.G., 1987. Preliminary Study of the Formation for Qiongzhou Strait. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 9(5): 594-602 (in Chinese). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/306151532_Preliminary_study_of_the_formation_for_Qiongzhou_strait Zhao, H.T., Wang, L.R., Yuan, J.Y., 2007. Origin and Time of Qiongzhou Strait. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 27(2): 33-40 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ200702006.htm 陈亮, 张玉芬, 李团结, 等, 2013. 珠江口及琼东北海区元素地球化学特征及物质来源. 沉积学报, 31(1): 130-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB201301015.htm 陈明, 2001. 南海东北部沉积物粒度特征. 南海地质研究, 13: 80-89. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHDZ200100008.htm 高抒, 2009. 沉积物粒径趋势分析: 原理与应用条件. 沉积学报, 27(5): 826-836. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200905008.htm 高抒, Collins, M., 1998. 沉积物粒径趋势与海洋沉积动力学. 中国科学基金, 4: 241-246. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8217.1998.04.002 高为利, 张富元, 章伟艳, 等, 2009. 海南岛周边海域表层沉积物粒度分布特征. 海洋通报, 28(2): 71-80. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2009.02.011 贾建军, 高抒, 薛允传, 2002. 图解法与矩法沉积物粒度参数的对比. 海洋与湖沼, 33(6): 577-582. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2002.06.002 金波, 鲍才旺, 林吉胜, 1982. 琼州海峡东、西口地貌特征及其成因初探. 海洋地质研究, 2(4): 94-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ198204014.htm 李学杰, 汪良旗, 梁开, 等, 2002. 琼州海峡海底地层划分及工程地质特性. 广东地质, 17(4): 50-57. 刘昭蜀, 赵焕庭, 范时清, 等, 2002. 南海地质, 北京: 科学出版社, 73-77. 马菲, 汪亚平, 李炎, 等, 2008. 地统计法支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物粒径趋势分析. 地理学报, 63(11): 1207-1217. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DLXB200811013.htm 彭学超, 2000. 琼州海峡地质构造特征及成因分析. 南海地质研究, (12): 44-57. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHDZ200000004.htm 侍茂崇, 陈春华, 黄方, 等, 1998. 琼州海峡冬末春初潮余流场特征. 海洋学报(中文版), 20(1): 1-10. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-4193.1998.01.001 徐志伟, 汪亚平, 李炎, 等, 2010. 多元统计及物源分析支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物输运趋势. 海洋学报(中文版), 32(2): 67-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SEAC201003009.htm 杨士瑛, 鲍献文, 陈长胜, 等, 2003. 夏季粤西沿岸流特征及其产生机制. 海洋学报(中文版), 25(6): 1-8. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-4193.2003.06.001 张虎男, 陈伟光, 1987. 琼州海峡成因初探. 海洋学报(中文版), 9(5): 594-602. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SEAC198705008.htm 赵焕庭, 王丽荣, 袁家义, 2007. 琼州海峡成因与时代. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 27(2): 33-40. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ200702006.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(9)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3403
- HTML全文浏览量: 553
- PDF下载量: 301
- 被引次数: 0
