Evolution of Neoproterozoic-Mesozoic Sedimentary Basins in Bangonghu-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian Suture Zone
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摘要: 在详细理清区内地层格架的基础上，整理和归纳了研究区内各沉积盆地岩石建造组合和时代依据，最后在板块构造学说和大陆动力学观点的理论指导下，划分盆地类型，寻找盆地演化的时空规律，了解原-古特提斯大洋从发生、发展到消亡的过程.通过归纳总结，将前新生代原-古特提斯大洋在该区的演化划分为与盆地演化对应的4个阶段.对研究区内的3个主要结合带的盆地演化进行了系统总结，其中龙木错-双湖洋盆与昌宁-孟连洋盆都存在奥陶纪的具MORB性质的蛇绿混杂岩，并且二者均在二叠纪末、早三叠世初发生弧-陆碰撞作用，说明二者可能共同代表了一个统一的古特提斯洋在研究区的残余.以班公湖-怒江洋盆为代表的残余古特提斯洋在早石炭世开始扩张并持续演化到早白垩世，它们代表了古特提斯洋盆的最终消亡.Abstract: In the light of the stratigraphic framework, the authors collected and summarized evidences of the rock formations and their ages in the sedimentary basins of the Bangonghu-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian suture zone. With the guidance of the plate tectonic theory and continental dynamics, the basin types are also classified in the study area to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the basins and to better the understanding of the opening, extension and closing of the Paleo-Tethys oceans. Four evolutional stages of the Pre-Cenozoic Paleo-Tethys oceans corresponding to the basinal evolution in the study area are distinguished. It is found that Ordovician ophiolitic mélange of MORB characteristics occurred in both the Longmu-Shuanghu and the Changning-Menglian oceanic basin, two of which prove to have experienced arc-continent collision during the end Permian-Early Triassic transition, suggesting a united remnant oceanic basin of the Paleo-Tethys. The remnant Paleo-Tethys represented by the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin, on the other hand, opened in the Early Carboniferous and evolved to a closure in the Early Cretaceous, marking the final disappearance of the Paleo-Tethys.
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Key words:
- ophilitic mélange /
- Paleo-Tethys /
- stratigraphic framework /
- sedimentology /
- tectonics /
- basin evolution
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图 1 班公湖-双湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连大区地层分区
年龄数据参考文献来源：a.王立全等，2008；b.李才等，2008；c.李才等，2004；d.李才等，2002；e.李才等，2006b；f.李才等，2006c；g.山西省地质调查院，中华人民共和国1∶25万土则岗日幅、扎和平错幅区域地质调查报告，2005；h.李才等，2007a；i.江西省地质调查院，中华人民共和国1∶25万喀纳幅、日土幅区域地质调查报告，2004；j.西藏自治区地质调查院，中华人民共和国1∶25万改则县幅、日干配错幅区域地质调查报告，2005；k.西藏自治区地质调查院，中华人民共和国1∶25万那曲县幅区域地质调查报告，2006；l，m.周维全和林文信，1982；n.刘昌实等，1990；o.彭头平等，2006；p.范承钧，1985；q.Wang et al., 2013；r.王立全等，2013；据潘桂棠等(2009, 2012)修改
Fig. 1. Stratigraphic zoning map of Bangong co-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian zone
图 2 班公湖-双湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连大区地层格架与沉积盆地划分
(王立全等(2013)修改)
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic framework and division of the sedimentary basins in the Bangong co-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian zone
图 3 班公湖-双湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连大区地层格架与沉积盆地划分
(王立全等(2013)修改)
Pz1Jt.吉塘群；O2-3t.塔石山组；Omlg.果干加年山混杂岩群；S1dk.东卡组；S2-3l.栗柴坝组；D1d.达尔东组；D1w.温泉组；D1ps.平沙沟组；Dc.长蛇山组；DCn.南段组；Dm.猫耳山岩群；D2-3c.查桑组；C1pz.平掌组；C1K.卡贡群；C1r.日湾茶卡组；Cpy.鱼塘组；C1b.帮达岩组；C1c.错绒沟口组；CPR.荣中岩群；CPE.俄学岩群；C2P1z.展金组；C2w.瓦垄山组；C2P1g.冈玛错组；C2c.擦蒙组；P1cs.长蛇湖组；P1q.曲地组；PJmlg.丁青混杂岩群；Pl.拉巴组；P2db.东坝组；P2x.下拉组；P2l.鲁谷组；P2x.雪源河组；P2t.吞龙共巴组；P2lg.龙格组；P3jp.吉普日阿组；P3s.沙龙组；T1-2o.欧拉组；TJmlg.洞错混杂岩群；T2m.忙怀组；T2s.上兰组；T2-3J.结扎群；T2-3Q.确哈拉群；T3xc.肖茶卡组；T3w.望湖岭组；T3R.日干配错群；T3dd.东达村组；T3j.甲丕拉组；T3bl.波里拉组；T3bg.巴贡组；T3W.瓦达岩群；T3Ma.孟阿雄群；T3sc.三岔河组；J1n.那底岗日组；J1q.曲色组；J1-2C.察雅群；J1-2M.木噶岗日岩群；Jmlg.东巧混杂岩群；J1-2L.罗东群；J1-2X.希湖群；J2d.东大桥组；J2m.马里组；J2s.桑卡拉佣组；J2q.雀莫错组；J2b.布曲组；J2x.夏里组；J2s.色哇组；J2-3J.接奴群；J2-3l.拉贡塘组；J3xs.小索卡组；J3s.索瓦组；J3b.白龙冰河组；J3K1x.雪山组；J3K1ba.帮爱组；J3K1gq.郭曲组；J3K1s.沙木罗组；K1o.欧利组；K1d.多尼组；K2ab.阿布山组；K2j.竞柱山组；K2jb.江巴组；K2bd.八达组；K2qs.去申拉组；K2zg.宗给组；Osm.奥陶纪海山；OOM.奥陶纪蛇绿混杂岩；Dsm.泥盆纪海山；DOM.泥盆纪蛇绿混杂岩；DP2OB.泥盆纪-中二叠世洋盆；T3K1RS.晚三叠世-早白垩世残余海盆；K2DB.压陷盆地；Csm.石炭纪海山；CP3SA.石炭纪-二叠纪俯冲增生杂岩楔；T3RS.晚三叠世残余海盆；C1P3al.早石炭世-晚二叠世活动陆缘陆坡；T1-2sm.早中三叠世海山；T3al.晚三叠世活动陆缘陆坡；J2K1RS.中侏罗世-早白垩世残余海盆；K2FT.晚白垩世断陷盆地；S2-3cm.边缘海混积浅海；Pz1MS.早古生代边缘海；C1al.早石炭世活动陆缘陆坡；P2-3al.中晚二叠世活动路缘陆坡；T3JRS.晚三叠世-侏罗纪残余海盆；P3al.晚二叠世活动陆缘陆坡；T2-3al.中晚三叠世活动陆缘陆坡；J1-2BF.弧后前陆盆地；JK1OB.侏罗纪-早白垩世洋盆；K2VIG.晚白垩世裂陷盆地(火山)；COB.石炭纪洋盆；JOM.侏罗纪蛇绿混杂岩；T2K1OB.中三叠世-早白垩世洋盆；S1pl.早志留世碳酸盐岩台地；Dpl.泥盆纪碳酸盐岩台地；P3OM.晚二叠世蛇绿岩；T3OM.晚三叠世蛇绿岩；JOM.侏罗纪蛇绿岩；CK1OB.石炭纪-早白垩世洋盆；DPOB.泥盆纪-二叠世洋盆；T2J2rb.中三叠世-中侏罗世弧背盆地Fig. 3. Stratigraphic framework and division of the sedimentary basins in the Bangong co-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian zone continue
图 4 班公湖-双湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连大区沉积盆地演化
1.龙木错-双湖洋盆(D-P2)；2.那底岗日-格拉丹东边缘海混积浅海(C1-P3)；3.羌塘-左贡活动陆缘陆坡(C-P)；4.班公湖-怒江洋盆(C-P)；5.那去-洛隆隆起(T-K)；6.澜沧江弧后盆地(D-P)；7.保山潞西碳酸盐岩台地(D3C1、P2.3)、火山裂陷盆地(P1)；8.耿马碳酸盐岩台地(D1、P3)、活动陆缘陆坡(C-P2)；9.昌宁-孟连洋盆(D-P)；10.临沧隆起；11.龙木错-双湖残余海盆(T3J1)；12.喀喇昆仑-南羌塘活动陆缘陆坡(T3)；13.班公湖-怒江洋盆(T-J)；14.吉塘左贡残余海盆(T3J1)；15.碧罗雪山-崇山-临沧岩浆弧；16.昌宁-孟连弧背盆地(T2J2)；17.保山陆内裂陷盆地(T3).年龄数据文献来源：a.Zhai et al., 2010；b.Wang et al., 2013；c.李才等，2008；王立全等，2008；d.李才等，2004；e.李才等，2002；f.西藏自治区地质调查院, 中华人民共和国1∶25万那曲县幅区域地质调查报告, 2006；g.西藏自治区地质调查院, 中华人民共和国1∶25万改则县幅、日干配错幅区域地质调查报告, 2005；h.夏斌等，2008
Fig. 4. Evolution of the sedimentary basin of the Bangong co-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian zone
图 5 班公湖-双湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连大区构造演化
1.碎屑岩组合；2.碳酸盐岩；3.玄武岩；4.俯冲增生楔；5.逆断层；6.正断层；7.洋壳；8.陆壳；9.方位；10.花岗岩类侵入体；11.奥陶纪海山；12.早志留世碳酸盐岩台地；13.泥盆纪碳酸盐岩台地；14石炭纪-二叠纪活动陆缘陆坡；15.石炭纪海山；16.早中三叠纪海山；17.中侏罗-早白垩世残余海盆；18.早中侏罗世弧后前陆盆地；19.晚三叠世活动陆缘陆坡；20.晚三叠世-中侏罗世弧背盆地；21.晚白垩世断陷盆地(火山)；22.晚白垩世裂陷盆地(火山)；23.晚三叠世蛇绿岩；24.石炭纪-中二叠世蛇绿岩；据耿全如等(2011)；Pan et al.(2012)；潘桂棠等(2012)修改
Fig. 5. Evolution of the Tectonic of the Bangong co-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian zone
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