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    孟加拉湾盆地构造特征与动力学演化:来自卫星重力与地震资料的新认识

    张朋 梅廉夫 马一行 李任远 尹宜鹏

    张朋, 梅廉夫, 马一行, 李任远, 尹宜鹏, 2014. 孟加拉湾盆地构造特征与动力学演化:来自卫星重力与地震资料的新认识. 地球科学, 39(10): 1307-1321. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.123
    引用本文: 张朋, 梅廉夫, 马一行, 李任远, 尹宜鹏, 2014. 孟加拉湾盆地构造特征与动力学演化:来自卫星重力与地震资料的新认识. 地球科学, 39(10): 1307-1321. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.123
    Zhang Peng, Mei Lianfu, Ma Yixing, Li Renyuan, Yin Yipeng, 2014. Tectonic Features and Dynamic Evolution of Bay of Bengal Basin: New Insights into Satellite-Gravity and Seismic Data. Earth Science, 39(10): 1307-1321. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.123
    Citation: Zhang Peng, Mei Lianfu, Ma Yixing, Li Renyuan, Yin Yipeng, 2014. Tectonic Features and Dynamic Evolution of Bay of Bengal Basin: New Insights into Satellite-Gravity and Seismic Data. Earth Science, 39(10): 1307-1321. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.123

    孟加拉湾盆地构造特征与动力学演化:来自卫星重力与地震资料的新认识

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.123
    基金项目: 

    “十二五”国家科技重大专项 2011ZX05030-002-003

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张朋(1987-),男,博士研究生,主要从事盆地构造分析与石油勘探构造分析研究.E-mail:sdzhangpeng2008@163.com

      通讯作者:

      梅廉夫,E-mail:lfmei@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P541;P622.2

    Tectonic Features and Dynamic Evolution of Bay of Bengal Basin: New Insights into Satellite-Gravity and Seismic Data

    • 摘要: 为了揭示孟加拉湾盆地的构造特征和中生代以来的动力学演化,对研究区卫星重力数据进行滤波、梯度和延拓等深度处理,对相关地震剖面进行标准化处理,在研究区建立了8条主干剖面.自由空气重力异常及其深度处理结果显示在盆地西部、海岭内部及盆地东部分别发育北西向破碎带、近东西向断裂和北东向线性构造,分别反映了海底北西向扩张、海岭侵位及印度洋洋壳北东向俯冲的影响.主干剖面经标准化处理后划分出上白垩统-第四系5套层系,结合重力异常与地层厚度,将孟加拉湾盆地划分为西部坳陷、85°E海岭隆起、中央坳陷、90°E海岭隆起和若开坳陷5个构造单元.85°E海岭隆起内发育的多个孤立高隆起是热点幕式喷发的响应,控制着碰撞前盆地“西厚东薄”的沉积格局,而碰撞后孟加拉扇体系在始新世至中新世期间一直向南迁移,未受到海岭的明显影响.90°E海岭南段(7°~14°N)的俯冲消减促进了安达曼增生楔的向西生长,北段(14°~20°N)的俯冲作用则控制着若开坳陷、印缅增生楔和孟加拉湾盆地沉积中心的演化.构造特征和动力学演化分析表明盆地经历了原始大洋盆地(晚白垩世-早渐新世)和残留洋盆地(晚渐新世-)2个主要演化阶段.

       

    • 图  1  孟加拉湾盆地及邻区大地构造纲要

      KB.科佛里盆地; K-GB.克里斯蒂娜-戈达瓦里盆地; MB.默哈纳迪盆地; WWB.西孟加拉盆地; COB.洋-陆壳界线; SP.西隆地块; MH.米尔山; CC.F.吉大港海岸断裂; Kal.F.卡拉丹断裂; Kab.F.卡巴断裂; Sag.F.实皆走滑断裂; MB.F.主边界断裂; Dak.F.达卡断裂; Sunda.T.巽他海沟; MMB.抹谷变质带; RS.朗布尔鞍部; KGR.卡萨-甘高蛇绿岩带; Rajmahal Traps.拉杰马哈暗色岩; Sylhet Traps.锡尔赫特暗色岩; 据Maurin and Rangin, 2009; Radhakrishna et al., 2012修改

      Fig.  1.  Tectonic outline map of the bay of Bengal basin and adjacent region

      图  2  晚中生代以来印度及邻区板块重建

      AFR.非洲; ANT.南极洲; AUS.澳洲; IND.印度; MA.马达加斯加; S.中缅马苏; SI.思茅; I.印支; EM.东马来亚; SC.南中国; WB.西缅; WSu.西苏门答腊; S.塞舌尔; CIR.中印度洋洋中脊; SEIR.东南印度洋洋中脊; SWIR.西南印度洋洋中脊; Raj.T.拉杰马哈暗色岩; Dec.T.德干暗色岩; 85ER.85°E海岭; 90ER.90°E海岭; SS.约什克缝合带; IS.印度河缝合带; TS.雅鲁藏布缝合带; CR.卡尔斯伯格洋中脊; CLR.查戈斯-拉克代夫海岭; KLA.科希斯坦-拉达克岛弧; a.早白垩世(120 Ma); b.晚白垩世(80 Ma); c.早始新世(55 Ma); d.晚渐新世(28 Ma); e.晚中新世(10 Ma); f.现今(0 Ma); 据Curray and Munasinghe, 1991; Royer et al., 1992; Hall, 2012修改

      Fig.  2.  Plate reconstructions of India and the adjacent region since Late Mesozoic

      图  3  孟加拉湾盆地重力异常与深度处理

      图f黑色虚线为前人解释破碎带,白色和红色为本次解释

      Fig.  3.  Gravity anomaly and enhanced processing maps of the bay of Bengal basin

      图  4  孟加拉湾盆地自由空气重力异常延拓处理

      a.向上延拓10 km;b.向上延拓15 km;c.向上延拓20 km;d.向上延拓30 km

      Fig.  4.  Free-air gravity anomaly processed with methods of upward continuation in the bay of Bengal basin

      图  5  孟加拉湾盆地主干剖面

      1.侏罗系-下白垩统; 2.白垩系; 3.上白垩统-古新统; 4.古近系; 5.新近系; 6.始新统-渐新统; 7.中新统; 8.上新统; 9.第四系; 10.海岭; 11.火山岛弧; 12.钻井及编号; 13.断裂

      Fig.  5.  Cross sections of standardized seismic reflection profiling of the bay of Bengal basin

      图  6  孟加拉湾盆地BODC3井地震层速度及地层厚度反演

      Fig.  6.  Seismic interval velocity of well BODC3 and residual stratum thickness inversion of the bay of Bengal basin

      图  7  孟加拉湾盆地构造单元划分

      海岭内部线条和数字显示的是埋藏深度,间隔1 km

      Fig.  7.  Tectonic units division of the bay of Bengal basin

      图  8  孟加拉湾盆地构造演化模式

      1.侏罗系-下白垩统;2.上白垩统; 3.上白垩统-古新统; 4.始新统-渐新统; 5.中新统; 6.上新统; 7.第四系; 8.变质带; 9.火山岛弧; 10.主剪切带; 11.断裂; EM.F.东部陆缘断裂;D.F.迪利让断裂; WA.F.西安达曼断裂

      Fig.  8.  Tectonic evolution model of the bay of Bengal basin

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