Sedimentary Evolution and Reservoir Characteristics of Carbonate Rocks since Late Miocene in Xisha Area of the South China Sea
-
摘要: 生物礁滩相碳酸盐岩是南海海域深水区重要的油气储层之一.通过对西科1井(0~576.5 m)岩心的宏观描述及微观分析, 结合古生物、古地磁、高分辨岩心扫描及大量分析测试结果, 对碳酸盐岩-生物礁滩体系展开了精细研究.研究表明: 该井晚中新世以来记录了6次暴露事件、2次淹没事件, 结合古生物、古地磁、Li同位素分析, 可划分为8个三级层序, 其中晚中新世黄流组和第四系乐东组为主要成礁期.通过细致的岩相学研究, 系统刻画了生物礁-碳酸盐岩的岩石类型、成岩作用类型和孔隙类型, 重建了成岩环境.Abstract: Reef-bank carbonate is one of the most important oil and gas reservoirs in deep-water area of the South China Sea. By macroscopic description of the well Xike-1 core (0-576.5 m) and microscopic analysis, combining with paleontology, paleomagnetism, high-resolution core scanning and large amounts of test result analysis, the carbonate reef system is studied in detail in this paper. The research indicates that this well has recorded 6 exposure events, and 2 drowning events since Late Miocene. Based on analyses of paleontology, paleomagnetism and lithium isotopes, 8 third-order sequences can be recognized, among which Late Miocene Huangliu Formation and Quaternary Ledong Formation are the main reef growth phase. By detailed petrography study, the rock types, diagenetic types and pore types of the Quaternary reef carbonate are systematically depicted, and the diagenetic environments are rebuilt.
-
Key words:
- well Xike-1 /
- reef /
- sequence division /
- diagenetic environment /
- petrology
-
图 1 海南岛东南部大地构造及西科1井位置
Fig. 1. Geological background of southeastern Hainan Island and the position of well Xike-1
图 2 西科1井晚中新世以来碳酸盐岩层序和沉积分析综合柱状图(电阻率为第二孔电阻率)
Fig. 2. The histogram of carbonatite sequence and sedimentary of well Xike-1 since Late Miocene
图 3 碳酸盐岛屿、台地或环礁内Mg到达白云化场所的6种驱动机制
a.潮坪蒸发泵; b.渗透回流; c.海面高程差异; d.卤水回流; e.海岸混合带; f.热对流.据Budd(1997)
Fig. 3. Schematic illustrations of six circulation mechanisms that can deliver Mg to potential dolomitization sites below carbonate islands, platforms, or atolls
图 4 第四系生物礁-碳酸盐岩成岩演化模式
地层系统据解习农(2013)，项目组内部资料；典型成岩现象分类据Riding(1977)
Fig. 4. Diagenetic evolution model of reef and carbonate rocks in Quaternary
-
Budd, D.A., 1997. Cenozoic Dolomites of Carbonate Islands: Their Attributes and Origin. Earth Sci. Rev. , 42(1): 1-47. doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00051-7 Dunham, R.J., 1962. Classification of Carbonate Rocks according to Depositional Texture. In: Ham, W.E., ed., Classification of Carbonate Rocks—A Symposium. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1, 108-121. Embry, A.F., Kovan, J.E., 1971. A Late Devonian Reef Tract on Northeastern Banks Island, Northwest Territories. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 19(4): 730-781. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10015088175 He, Q.X., Zhang, M.S., 1986. Reef Geology of the Xisha Islands, China. Sciences Press, Beijing (in Chinese). He, Q.X., Zhang, M.S., 1900. Origin of Neogene Dolomites in Xisha Islands and Their Significance. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 10(2): 45-55 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199002004.htm Hodell, D.A., Elmstrorn, K.M., Kennett, J.P., 1986. Latest Miocene Benthic δ18O Changes, Global Ice Volume, Sea Level and the "Messinian Salinity Crisis". Nature, 320: 411-414. doi: 10.1038/320411a0 Hsu, K.J., Schneider, J., 1973. Progress Report on Dolomitization—Hydrology of Abu Dhabi Sabkhas, Arabian Gulf. Springer, Berlin, 409-422. Hsu, K.J., Montadert, L., Bernouilli, D., 1977. History of the Mediterranean Salinity Crisis. Nature, 267: 399-403. doi: 10.1038/267399a0 Jin, Q.H., 1989. Geology and Oil and Gas Resources in the South China Sea. Geological Publilshing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). Land, L.S., 1985. The Origin of Massive Dolomite. J. Geol. Educ. , 33(1): 112-125. Li, Q.Y., Lourens, L., Wang, P.X., 2007. New Ages for Neogene Marine Biostratigraphic Events. Journal of Stratigraphy, 31(3): 197-208 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/46696835_New_ages_for_Neogene_marine_biostratigraphic_events Liao, W.H., 1997. Stratigraphic Significance of Reef-Building Corals. In: Zhu, Y.Z., Sha, Q.A., Guo L.F., et al., eds., Cenozoic Coral Reef Geology of Yongshu Reef, Nansha Islands. Science Press, Beijing, 23-26 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lü, B.Q., Xu, G.Q., Wang, H.G., et al., 2002. Sea Floor Spreading Recorded by Drowning Events of Cenozoic Carbonate Platforms in the South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geology, 37(4): 405-414 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzkx200204003 Lü, C.L., Yao, Y.J., Wu, S.G., et al., 2011. Seismic Responses and Sedimentary Characteristics of the Miocene Wan'an Carbonate Platform in the Southern South China Sea. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36(5): 931-938 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285733390_Seismic_responses_and_sedimentary_characteristics_of_the_Miocene_Wan'an_carbonate_platform_in_the_southern_South_China_Sea Lü, X.X., Jin, Z.J., 2000. Distribution Patterns of Oil-Gas Fields in the Carbonate Rock. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 21(3): 8-12 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200003001.htm Meister, P., Bernasconi, S., McKenzie, J.A., et al., 2008. Sea-Level Changes Control Diagenetic Dolomite Formation in Hemipelagic Sediments of the Peru Margin. Marine Geology, 252(3-4): 166-173. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.04.001 Meng, L., Zhang, J., 2013. The Magmatic Activity Mechanism of the Fossil Spreading Center in the Southwest Sub-basin, South China Sea. Science China: Earth Sciences, 44(2): 239-249 (in Chinese). Morrow, D.W., 1982. Diagenesis 2 Dolomite—Part 2: Dolomitization Models and Ancient Dolostones. Geoscience Canada, 9(2): 95-107. doi: 10.12789/gs.v9i2.3299 Qin, G.Q., 1987. A Preliminary Study of Foraminiferal Assemblages of Well 1 Xiyong, Xisha Islands and Their Coral Reef Foamation. Tropic Oceanology, 6(3): 10-20((in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-RDHY198703001.htm Raffi, I., Backman, J., Fornaciari, E., et al., 2006. A Review of Calcareous Nannofossil Astrobiochronology Encompassing the Past 25 Million Years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25(23-24): 3113-3137. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.007 Riding, R., 1977. Calcified Plectonema (Blue-Green Algae), a Recent Example of Girvanella from Aldabra Atoll. Palaeontology, 20: 33-46. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285374471_Calcified_Plectonema_blue-green_algae_a_recent_example_of_Girvanella_from_Aldabra_Atoll Wang, P.X., Prell, W.L., Blum, P., 2000. ODP Leg 184 Scientific Party. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports 184. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A & M University, Texas. Wei, X., Jia, C.Z., Meng, W.G., et al., 2007. Mineral Content and Geochemistry Characteristics of Carbonate Rock in Well No. Xichen-1 and Geological Significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(11): 3015-3025 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/paper/1472361 Wei, X., Zhu, Y.J., Xu, H., et al., 2006a. Discussion on Neogene Dolostone Forming Condition in Xisha Islands: Evidences from Isotope C and O and Fluid Inclosures. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(9): 2394-2404 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200609015.htm Wei, X., Zhu, Y.J., Yin, J.H., et al., 2006b. Constrains and Growing Trend of Biological Reef in South China Sea Basin. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 13(1): 10-15 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ200601005.htm 何起祥, 张明书, 1986. 中国西沙礁相地质. 北京: 科学出版社. 何起祥, 张明书, 1990. 西沙群岛新第三纪白云岩的成因与意义. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 10(2): 45-55. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199002004.htm 金庆焕, 1989. 南海地质与油气资源. 北京: 地质出版社. 李前裕, Lucas Lourens, 汪品先, 2007. 新近纪海相生物地层事件年龄新编. 地层学杂志, 31(3): 197-207. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4959.2007.03.001 廖卫华, 1997. 造礁珊瑚的地层意义. 见: 朱袁智, 沙庆安, 郭丽芬, 等, 1997. 南沙群岛永暑礁新生代珊瑚礁地质. 北京: 科学出版社, 23-26. 吕炳全, 徐国强, 王红罡, 等, 2002. 南海新生代碳酸盐台地淹没事件记录的海底扩张. 地质科学, (4): 405-414. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200204002.htm 吕彩丽, 姚永坚, 吴时国, 等, 2011. 南沙海区万安盆地中新世碳酸盐台地的地震响应与沉积特征. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 36(5): 931-938. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201105022.htm 吕修祥, 金之钧, 2000. 碳酸盐岩油气田分布规律. 石油学报, 21(2): 8-12. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2000.02.020 孟林, 张健, 2014. 南海西南海盆残余洋脊岩浆活动机制的热模拟研究. 中国科学(D辑), 44(2): 239-249. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK201402005.htm 秦国权, 1987. 西沙群岛"西永一井"有孔虫组合及该群岛珊瑚礁成因初探. 热带海洋, 6(3): 10-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY198703001.htm 魏喜, 贾承造, 孟卫工, 等, 2007. 西琛1井碳酸盐岩的矿物成分、地化特征及地质意义. 岩石学报, 23(11): 3015-3025. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0569.2007.11.031 魏喜, 祝永军, 许红, 等, 2006a. 西沙群岛新近纪白云岩形成条件的探讨、同位素和流体包裹体证据. 岩石学报, 22(9): 2394-2404. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200609015.htm 魏喜, 祝永军, 尹继红, 等, 2006b. 南海盆地生物礁形成条件及发育趋势. 特种油气藏, 13(1): 7-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ200601005.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3818
- HTML全文浏览量: 1001
- PDF下载量: 596
- 被引次数: 0
