Lithostratigraphic Composition and One-Dimensional Digital Description of Lower Ordovician Liangjiashan Formation in Liujiang Basin
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摘要: 岩石地层数字化与可视化是数字地层研究的基础, 是地层学从传统离散式描述中解脱出来探索简明的、科学的描述模式的开始.以基本岩石地层单元为“地层细胞”, 探索了一个简单的沉积单元是如何经历侵蚀、改造、埋藏、成岩, 最终形成多种复杂成层岩系的地质过程, 并以自主研发的一维岩石地层数字描述系统为平台实现了对亮甲山组岩石地层的一维数字描述.经调查证实, 虚拟运算的结论符合野外地质调查所观察到的现象.亮甲山组岩石地层的数字描述揭示, 尽管不同地区亮甲山组地层记录表象差异显著, 但它们都源自于相同的基本岩石地层单元, 为定义亮甲山组岩石地层单位提供了一种新的理论、程序与技术方法, 同时为定量描述古盆地系统的运动幅度、速率等细节提供了理论基础与技术方法, 既节省了野外及室内研究的重复工作量, 还可实现对岩石地层蕴藏信息的深度挖掘.Abstract: Lithostratigraphic digitalization and visualization is the foundation of digital stratigraphic research. It is also the first step to extricate stratigraphy from traditional discrete description and explore the new concise scientific methods. Regarding the basic lithostratigraphic units as "lithostratigraphic cells", this paper explores a geological process in which a simple sedimentary sequence, through erosion, transformation, burial and diagenesis, eventually forms a variety of complex stratified rock series. A new theory, procedure and technical method for defining the lithostratigraphic units of the Liangjiashan Formation is presented in this study. The one-dimension digital description of Liangjiashan Formation is fulfilled by an independently developed software platform, RSD. The survey confirms that the conclusion drawn from virtual computation is consistent with that of the field geological investigation. The digital description of the Liangjiashan Formation reveals that its lithostratigraphic records in different regions have originated from the same basic lithostratigraphic units even though their appearances differ significantly from each other. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical feasibility for the quantitative description of such details as the motion amplitude and rate of ancient basin system, which can not only save both outdoor and indoor repeated workload, but also can help dig deeper into the information stored in the rock strata.
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图 12 华北燕山地区不同剖面下奥陶统亮甲山组地层露头
a.河北抚宁县石门寨,图片为两个叠伏在一起的岩石地层单元,其下伏单元类似于图 10d,上覆单元类似于图 10f;b.北京西山苇子坪,地层单元厚度为40~60 cm,地层记录样式类似于图 11b;c.河北抚宁县亮甲山,地层单元厚度为40~60 cm,地层记录样式类似与图 11f;d.河北抚宁县亮甲山,地层单元厚度为40~60 cm,地层记录样式类似于图 11a;e.河北开滦长山,地层单元厚度为40~30 cm,地层记录样式类似于图 10g
Fig. 12. The outcrops of the Lower Ordovician Liangjiashan Formation in different sections, Yanshan area, North China
表 1 柳江盆地亮甲山组岩石地层特征统计(单位:m)
Table 1. The lithostratigraphic characteristic statistics of the Liangjiashan Formation in Liujiang basin
单元编号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ S 接触关系 缺失地层 1 0.50 0.40 0.14 1.04 上缺失 2 0.25 0.75 0.24 1.24 冲刷面 上缺失 3 0.06 0.35 0.20 0.61 冲刷面 上下均缺失 4 0.33 0.36 0.36 1.05 冲刷面 异常 6 0.20 0.30 0.03 0.53 冲刷面 上缺失 7 0.72 0.06 0.10 0.88 冲刷面 上缺失 8 0.45 0.50 0.10 1.05 冲刷面 上缺失 9 0.50 1.34 0.02 1.86 冲刷面 上缺失 10 0.62 1.83 0.60 3.05 冲刷面 上缺失 11 0.76 1.06 1.82 冲刷面 上缺失 12 1.00 0.90 0.90 2.80 整合 正常 13 1.80 1.80 0.40 4.00 整合 正常 14 1.20 1.10 0.70 3.00 冲刷面 上缺失 17 0.55 1.40 0.45 2.40 整合 正常 20 2.52 0.36 2.88 冲刷面 上下均缺失 21 2.14 2.20 4.34 冲刷面 上缺失 24 0.50 0.80 1.30 冲刷面 上缺失 25 0.36 1.60 1.96 冲刷面 上缺失 26 0.55 0.25 0.10 0.90 冲刷面 上缺失 27 0.36 0.12 0.48 冲刷面 下缺失 28 0.07 0.10 0.45 0.62 冲刷面 下缺失 29 1.09 0.83 1.92 整合 正常 30 0.60 0.20 0.80 整合 正常 31 0.17 0.23 0.40 冲刷面 下缺失 32 0.93 冲刷面 下缺失 33 2.10 冲刷面 上下均缺失 37 1.10 1.10 冲刷面 下缺失 38 1.05 1.05 冲刷面 下缺失 39 1.05 1.05 冲刷面 下缺失 40 1.06 1.06 冲刷面 下缺失 41 1.00 0.16 1.16 整合 正常 42 0.45 0.67 1.12 冲刷面 下缺失 43 0.14 0.16 0.30 冲刷面 下缺失 44 0.77 0.77 冲刷面 下缺失 46 1.70 1.40 3.10 冲刷面 下缺失 50 0.33 0.33 冲刷面 上下均缺失 51 0.45 0.45 冲刷面 上下均缺失 52 0.60 0.60 下缺失 上下均缺失 53 0.60 0.60 下缺失 上下均缺失 54 1.55 0.10 1.65 异常 异常 注:Ⅰ.暗色钙质页岩厚度;Ⅱ.薄层泥晶灰岩或藕节状灰岩厚度;Ⅲ.竹叶状灰岩厚度;S.地层单元厚度;接触关系为上覆地层单元与下伏地层单元之间的接触关系.另有部分单元(如5、15、16、23等)的上、下缺失不明确,故表中未列出. 表 2 岩石地层数字描述与传统岩石地层描述对照
Table 2. Contrast between digital lithostratigraphic description and traditional one
项目 岩石地层数字描述 传统岩石地层描述 资料类型 关联型 离散型 地层学原理依据 地层叠覆律、瓦尔特定律、侧向堆积原理 地层叠覆律 最小地层单位 基本岩石地层单元 岩性单层 比例尺 1:50乃至更大比例尺露头描述为主体,中、小比例尺可通过RSD系统实现 中、小比例尺为主,极少使用大比例尺 描述方法 以基本岩石地层单元为“地层细胞”,用RSD系统+野外复核实现地层描述 逐层描述,按比例尺图示小于1 mm时允许将不同岩性单层并曾描述 描述文字与图件 用RSD系统实现地层描述,地层描述完整、规范、统一和便于信息交流 单一人工描述,难以实现地层描述完整、规范、统一和信息交流 工作量 重复工作量由计算机完成 重复工作量由人工完成 地层对比 地层的对比为基本岩石地层单元的相等 地层的对比为岩石地层的相当 虚拟计算剖面 对剖面局部出露不完整部分通过虚拟计算可予以修复完善 对剖面局部出露不完整部分只能以空白表示 实物资料 大比例尺实测或实测地层单元与虚拟计算相结合的大比例尺虚拟数字地层剖面 在实测过程中按比例尺精度要求被人为简约的实测地层剖面 -
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