Numerical Simulation on Magnitude 7 or over Earthquakes in Southeast Gansu Province and Its Neighboring Areas
-
摘要: 对强震发生后周围断层及未来强震形势的影响研究具有非常重要的意义.青藏高原东北缘强震频发，对该区的历史强震进行研究很有必要.以青藏高原东北缘及邻区为目标建立3D黏弹性有限元模型，依据中国大陆Ⅰ级块体和青藏高原Ⅱ级块体划分及活动断裂分布确定模型块体边界及断裂位置，使用GPS观测资料作为模型边界条件，数值模拟1900年以来7级以上强震发生的动力学过程.计算结果表明：① 青藏高原东北缘及邻区区域水平构造应力场特征大致呈从西向东，从南向北减小分布.② 模拟结果说明强震主要发生在背景场应力和强震引起的等效应力加载的断层上.③ 历史强震序列对1970年以来地震的影响：康定地震加速触发了炉霍地震的发生；康定、炉霍地震对松潘地震无加速触发作用；康定、炉霍、松潘地震对共和地震无加速触发作用；炉霍、松潘、共和地震对汶川地震的影响较小；汶川地震延缓了芦山地震的发生.Abstract: It is very important to study the influence of the strong earthquake on the surrounding fault and its development trend in future. Strong earthquakes occurred frequently in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, thus it is necessary to study the history of strong earthquakes in this region. We construct the 3D viscoelastic finite element model of the northwest margin and its surroundings of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, on the basis of level Ⅰblocks in China continent and level Ⅱ blocks in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and distribution of active faults to determine the model block boundary and fault location in this paper. In addition, the dynamic process of strong earthquakes (Ms≥7.0) since 1900 is simulated using GPS observation data as boundary conditions, The calculation results are as follows. (1) The regional horizontal tectonic stress field in northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau is characterized by gradual decrease from west to east and decrease from south to north as well. (2) The simulation results show that the strong earthquakes are mainly caused by the equivalent stress loaded on the background field and the strong earthquakes. (3) The effects of historical earthquake sequence to the earthquakes since 1970 are also discussed. It is concluded that the Kangding earthquake triggered the occurrence of Luhuo earthquake acceleratedly, while the effect of Kangding earthquake, Luhuo earthquake and Songpan earthquake on Gonghe earthquake is not obvious, meanwhile, the influence of Luhuo earthquake, Songpan earthquake and Gonghe earthquake on the Wenchuan earthquake is little; and the Wenchuan earthquake delayed the occurrence of Lushan earthquake.
-
图 1 模型示意
黑色圆点表示震中位置，数字1~12表示表 1中地震发生的顺序，圆点为研究主体区域.青藏高原断裂带名称采用张培震等(2003)，其他区域断裂带名称采用mapsis软件中的“中国断层-邓起东”.KLKL-JL.喀喇昆仑-嘉黎断裂；JSJ.金沙江断裂；MN-YS.玛尼-玉树断裂；XSH.鲜水河断裂；DR.达日断裂；KL-MQ.昆仑-玛沁断裂；XQLBY.西秦岭北缘断裂；AEJ.阿尔金断裂；HY.海原断裂；LPS.六盘山；LT-TC.临潭-宕昌断裂；LX-LJB.礼县-罗家堡断裂；DB-BLJ.迭部-白龙江断裂；CXPDBY.成县盆地北缘断裂；WX.文县断裂；TZ.塔藏断裂；HY1.虎牙断裂；QC-PW.青川-平武断裂；LY.略阳断裂；YH.月河断裂；LMS.龙门山断裂；GX-AX.灌县-安县断裂；BKBJ.板块边界
Fig. 1. Sketch of the model
图 2 模型边界条件及地表水平速度场模拟结果与观测结果对比
Fig. 2. Contrast of the boundary condition of the model and between simulation results of surface horizontal velocity field and observation results
图 4 青藏高原东北缘等效应力变化曲线
a.1号路径；b.2号路径；c.3号路径；d.4号路径
Fig. 4. The equivalent stress curve in the Northeastern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
图 5 模拟地震引起的等效应力变化
a.第1个地震(道孚Ms7.0)；b.第2个地震(海原Ms8.5)；c.第3个地震(炉霍Ms7.3)；d.第4个地震(古浪Ms8.0)；e.第5个地震(叠溪Ms7.5)；f.第6个地震(达日Ms7.7)；g.第7个地震(康定Ms7.5)；h.第8个地震(炉霍Ms7.6)；i.第9个地震(松潘Ms7.2)；j.第10个地震(共和Ms7.0)；k.第11个地震(汶川Ms8.0)；l.第12个地震(芦山Ms7.0)；虚线为0 pa线，●为地震震中，■为下一次地震发生的位置
Fig. 5. The equivalent stress variation caused by earthquakes
图 6 历史地震对1970年后地震的影响
地震次序见表 1；a.1973年炉霍MS7.6地震前震中应力变化；b.1976年松潘MS7.2地震前震中应力变化；c.1990年共和MS7.0地震前震中应力变化；d.2008年汶川MS8.0地震前震中应力变化；e.2013年芦山MS7.0地震前震中应力变化
Fig. 6. Influence on the earthquakes since 1970 from the previous earthquakes
表 1 1900年以来青藏高原东北缘发生的7级以上地震参数
Table 1. Earthquake parameters (Ms≥7.0) in the Northeastern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 1900
序号 时间 地点 震级Ms 破裂长度(km) 水平错动(m) 杨氏模量降低百分比(%) 参数来源 震中 经度(°) 纬度(°) 1 1904-08-30 道孚 101.1 31.0 7.0 27 3.0 16.5 * 2 1920-12-16 海原 104.9 36.7 8.5 237 10.0 65.0 刘百篪等，2008 3 1923-03-24 炉霍 101.0 31.5 7.3 55 3.0 39.0 * 4 1927-05-23 古浪 102.2 37.7 8.0 192 6.3 28.8 * 5 1933-08-25 叠溪 103.4 31.9 7.5 72 4.4 15.0 * 6 1947-03-17 达日 99.5 33.3 7.7 90 5.0 25.0 戴华光等，1996 7 1955-04-14 康定 101.8 30.0 7.5 72 4.4 19.0 * 8 1973-02-06 炉霍 100.7 31.3 7.6 90 3.6 39.3 唐荣昌等，1976 9 1976-08-16 松潘 104.1 32.6 7.2 40 3.5 39.3 * 10 1990-04-26 共和 100.3 36.1 7.0 37 2.7 14.0 王文萍和王庆良，1999 11 2008-05-12 汶川 103.4 31.0 8.0 330 4.9 24.0 徐锡伟等，2008 12 2013-04-20 芦山 103.0 30.3 7.0 27 3.0 16.7 * 注：表中地震三要素来自中国地震台网；部分断层破裂参数直接来自文献，部分(带*)由冉洪流(2011)回归分析得到的公式计算得出；杨氏模量降低百分比是根据地震位错参数在模型中实际计算得出的，具体做法是通过降刚法降低震源所在断层的杨氏模量，经多次尝试使降刚后产生的断层位错与强震发生时产生的位错一致，即算出杨氏模量降低百分比. 
下载: 导出CSV
-
Chen, L.W., Lu, Y.Z., Zhang, J., et al., 1999.Three Dimensional Tectonic Stress Field in North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica, 21(2):140-149(in Chinese). doi: 10.1007/s11589-999-0020-7 Chen, L.W., Zhan, Z.M., Ye, J.Y., et al., 2011.Numerically Modeling the Influence of Rheological Properties on Tectonic Deformation of Tibet Plateau.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 31(3):8-14(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201103003.htm Chen, L.W., Zhang, P.Z., Lu, Y.Z., et al., 2008.Numerical Simulation of Loading/Unloading Effect on Coulomb Failure Stress among Strong Earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan Area.Chinese J.Geophys., 51(5):1411-1421(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200805015.htm Dai, H.G., Jia, Y.H., Su, X.Z., et al., 1996.Preliminary Study on the Latest Tectonic Deformations along Northeast Margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geomechanics, 2(4):15-20(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-dzlx604.002.htm Deng, Q.D., Cheng, S.P., Ma, J., et al., 2014.Seismic Activities and Earthquake Potential in the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys., 57(7):2025-2042(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1002/cjg2.20133/abstract Deng, Z.H., Hu, M.Q., Zhou, B., et al., 2011.Preliminary Study on Application of Numerical Simulation Methods to Earthquake Predication Research(Ⅱ).Seismology and Geology, 33(3):670-683(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287768236_Preliminary_study_on_application_of_numerical_simulation_methods_to_earthquake_prediction_research_II Ding, G.Y., 1991.Introduction to Lithospheric Dynamics of China.Seismological Press, Beijing(in Chinese). Laske, G., Ma, Z.T., Masters, G., et al., 2014.CRUST 1.0:A New Global Crustal Model at 1x1 Degrees.http://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/crust1.html Guo, S.M., Jiang, Z.S., Zhang, C.L., 2000.Division and Motion Status of Blocks for the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau in Late Quaternary.Seismology and Geology, 22(3):219-231(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-dzdz200003002.htm Li, D.W., Chen, J.L., Chen, G.F., et al., 2014.Continental Seismotectonic System:Example from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Adjacent Areas.Earth Science, 39(12):1763-1775 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287868765_Continental_seismotectonic_system_example_from_Qinghai-Tibet_Plateau_and_its_adjacent_areas Li, Y.H., Cui, D.X., Hao, M., 2015.GPS-Constrained Inversion of Slip Rate on Major Active Faults in the Northeastern Margin of Tibet Plateau.Earth Science, 40(10):1767-1780 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li, Y.J., Chen, L.W., Lu, Y.Z., et al., 2013.Numerical Simulation on Influences of Wenchuan Earthquake on the Stability of Faults in the Neighborhood.Earth Science, 38(2):398-410(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DQKX201302023.htm Li, Y.J., Chen, L.W., Liu, S.F., et al., 2014.Impact of the Lushan Earthquake on the Surrounding Falults:Insights from Numerical Modeling.Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 35(5):627-634(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.docin.com/p-1187270609.html Liu, B.C., Cao, J.J., Yuan, D.Y., et al., 2008.Quantitative Data of Active Faults within the Active Tectonic Block in North Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Seismology and Geology, 30(1):161-175(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292877725_Quantitative_data_of_active_faults_within_the_active_tectonic_block_in_north_Qinghai-Xizang_plateau Liu, F.B., Wang, A.G., Ji, Z.B., 2013.Research on Coulomb Stress Change and Its Application in Seismology.China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 35(3):647-655(in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, J., Yi, G.X., Zhang, Z.W., et al., 2013.Introduction to the Lushan, Sichuan M7.0 Earthquake on 20 April 2013.Chinese J.Geophys., 56(4):1404-1407(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283235002_Introduction_to_the_Lushan_Sichuan_M70_earthquake_on_20_April_2013?ev=auth_pub Liu, M.J., Li, S.L., Fang, S.M., et al., 2008.Study on Crustal Composition and Geodynamics Using Seismic Velocities in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys., 51(2):412-430(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1002/cjg2.1219/full Lu, Y.Z., Yang, S.X., Chen, L.W., et al., 2011.Mechanism of the Spatial Distribution and Migration of the Strong Earthquakes in China Inferred from Numerical Simulation.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(4):990-1001.doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.07.008 Ran, H.L., 2011.Empirical Relations between Earthquake Magnitude and Parameters of Strike-Slip Seismogenic Active Faults Associated with Historical Earthquakes in Western China.Seismology and Geology, 33(3):577-585(in Chinese with English abstract). Shi, Y.L., Cao, J.L., 2008.Effective Viscosity of China Continental Lithosphere.Earth Science Frontiers, 15(3):82-95(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60064-0 Shi, Y.L., Zhu, S.B., 2003.Contrast of Rheology in the Crust and Mantle near Moho Revealed by Depth Variation of Earthquake Mechanism in Continental China.Chinese J.Geophys, 46(3): 359-365(in Chinese with English abstract). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=3989cd9ba821e226df06bcd66159e548&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn Song, H.Z., Gao, W.A., Sun, J.X., et al., 1982.Numerical Analysis of Stress Field of Tangshan Area Applying Three Dimensional Finite Element Method to Compute Focal Stress Field.Northwestern Seismolgical Journal, 4(3):50-56(in Chinese with English abstract). Steketee, J.A., 1958.On Volterra's Dislocations in a Semi-Infinite Elastic Medium.Can.J.Phys., 36:192-205.doi: 10.1139/p58-024 Tang, R.C., Wen, D.H., Deng, T.G., et al., 1976.A Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of the Ground Fractures during the Luhuo M=7.9 Earthquake, 1973 and the Origin of the Earthquake.Acta Geophysica Sinica, 19(1):18-27(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284482722_A_preliminary_study_on_the_characteristics_of_the_ground_fractures_during_the_Luhuo_M79_earthquake_1973_and_the_origin_of_the_earthquake?ev=auth_pub Wan, Y.G., Shen, Z.K., Zeng, Y.H., et al., et al., 2007.Evolution of Cumulative Coulomb Failure Stress in Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Its Effect on Large Earthquake Occurrence.Acta Seismologica Sinica, 29(2):115-129(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.qianluntianxia.com/journal/522/1993818.html Wang, W.P., Wang, Q.L., 1999.Dislocation Parameters of Gonghe Earthquake Jointly Inferred by Using Genetic Algorithms and Least Squares Method.Acta Seismologica Sinica, 21(3):285-290(in Chinese). http://www.doc88.com/p-4847668458519.html Xu, X.W., Wen, X.Z., Ye, J.Q., et al., 2008.The MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Surface Rupture and Its Seismogenic Structure.Seismology and Geology, 30(3):597-629(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279559680_The_Ms80_Wenchuan_Earthquake_Surface_Ruptures_and_its_Seismogenic_Structure/amp Yang, Q., Dang, Y.M., 2010.A Research about Effective Viscosity of Tibetan Plateau Lithosphere Viscoelastic Ductile Layer Using GPS Velocity Fields.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 39(5):497-502(in Chinese with English abstract). Yang, S.X., Lu, Y.Z., Chen, L.W., et al., 2012.The Mechanism of Long-Distance Jumping and the Migration of Main Active Areas for Strong Earthquakes Occurred in the Chinese Continent.Chinese J.Geophys., 55(1):105-116(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201201011.htm Yang, X.Y., Chen, L.W., Yang, L.M., et al., 2013a.Numerical Simulation on Strong Earthquake Dynamic Process of Bayan Har Block.Acta Seismologica Sinica, 35(3):304-314(in Chinese with English abstract). Yang, X.Y., Chen, L.W., Yang, L.M., et al., 2013b.Effect on Seismic Situation of Gansu Region from Several Strong Earthquakes around the Bayan Har Block.Earthquake, 33(3):77-89(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhan, Z.M., Chen, L.W., Lu, Y.Z., 2011.Crustal Dynamic Parameters and 3D Finite Element Model of North China.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 31(Suppl.):28-32(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, D.N., Gao, L.S., 1989.Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Eastern Asian Stress Field.Earthquake Research in China, 5(4):24-33(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, P.Z., Deng, Q.D., Zhang, G.M., et al., 2003.Active Tectonic Blocks and Strong Earthquakes in the Continent of China.Science in China(Series D), 33(Suppl.):12-20(in Chinese). doi: 10.1360%2F03dz0002.pdf Zhang, P.Z., Zhu, S.B., Zhang, Z.Q., et al., 2012.Seismogenic Structure and Rupture Mechanism of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake.Seismology and Geology, 34(4): 566-575(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, X.M., Shu, P.Y., Diao, G.L., et al., 2001.Study on the P and S Wave Velocity Structure under Tangshan Region with Digital Earthquake Record.North China Earthquake Sciences, 19(1):10-17 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD200101001.htm Zhou, S.Y., 2008.Seismicity Simulation in Western Sichuan of China Based on the Fault Interactions and Its Implication on the Estimation of the Regional Earthquake Risk.Chinese J.Geophys., 51(1):165-174 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1002/cjg2.1202 陈连旺, 陆远忠, 张杰, 等, 1999.华北地区三维构造应力场.地震学报, 21(2):140-149. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB902.003.htm 陈连旺, 张培震, 陆远忠, 等, 2008.川滇地区强震序列库仑破裂应力加卸载效应的数值模拟.地球物理学报, 51(5):1411-1421. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200805015.htm 陈连旺, 詹自敏, 叶际阳, 等, 2011.流变特性对青藏高原构造变形影响的数值模拟.大地测量与地球动力学, 31(3):8-14. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201103003.htm 戴华光, 贾云鸿, 苏向洲, 等, 1996.青藏高原东北缘最新构造变形的初步研究.地质力学学报, 2(4):15-20. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX604.002.htm 邓起东, 程绍平, 马冀, 等, 2014.青藏高原地震活动特征及当前地震活动形势.地球物理学报, 57(7):2025-2042. doi: 10.6038/cjg20140701 邓志辉, 胡勐乾, 周斌, 等, 2011.数值模拟方法在地震预测研究中应用的初步探讨(Ⅱ).地震地质33(3):670-683. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201103017.htm 丁国瑜, 1991.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社. 虢顺民, 江在森, 张崇立, 2000.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪块体划分与运动态势研究.地震地质, 22(3):219-231. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ200003002.htm 李德威, 陈继乐, 陈桂凡, 等, 2014.大陆地震构造系统:以青藏高原及邻区为例.地球科学, 39(12):1763-1775. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2996 李煜航, 崔笃信, 郝明, 2015.利用GPS数据反演青藏高原东北缘主要活动断裂滑动速率.地球科学, 40(10):1767-1780. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3177 李玉江, 陈连旺, 陆远忠, 等, 2013.汶川地震的发生对周围断层稳定性影响的数值模拟.地球科学, 38(2):398-410. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2377 李玉江, 陈连旺, 刘少峰, 等, 2014.芦山地震的发生对周围断层影响的数值模拟.地球学报, 35(5):627-634. doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2014.05.13 刘百篪, 曹娟娟, 袁道阳, 等, 2008.青藏高原北部活动地块内部的活断层定量资料.地震地质, 30(1):161-175. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ200801011.htm 刘方斌, 王爱国, 冀战波, 2013.库仑应力变化及其在地震学中的应用研究进展.地震工程学报, 35(3):647-655. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ201303040.htm 刘杰, 易桂喜, 张致伟, 等, 2013.2013年4月20日四川芦山M7.0级地震介绍.地球物理学报, 45(4):1404-1407. doi: 10.6038/cjg20130434 刘明军, 李松林, 方盛明, 等, 2008.利用地震波速研究青藏高原东北缘地壳组成及其动力学.地球物理学报, 51(2):412-430. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200802015.htm 冉洪流, 2011.中国西部走滑型活动断裂的地震破裂参数与震级的经验关系.地震地质, 33(3):577-585. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201103009.htm 石耀霖, 曹建玲, 2008.中国大陆岩石圈等效黏滞系数的计算和讨论.地学前缘, 15(3): 82-95. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200803006.htm 石耀霖, 朱守彪, 2003.中国大陆震源机制深度变化反映的地壳-地幔流变特征.地球物理学报, 46(3):359-365. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200303012.htm 宋惠珍, 高维安, 孙君秀, 等, 1982.唐山地震震源应力场的数值模拟研究.西北地震学报, 4(3):50-56. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ198203006.htm 唐荣昌, 文德华, 邓天岗, 等, 1976.1973年炉霍7.9级地震的地裂缝特征及地震成因的初步探讨.地球物理学报, 19(1):18-27. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX197601001.htm 万永革, 沈正康, 曾跃华, 等, 2007.青藏高原东北部的库仑应力积累演化对大地震发生的影响.地震学报, 29(2):115-129. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB200702000.htm 王文萍, 王庆良, 1999.用遗传算法和最小二乘联合反演共和地震位错参数.地震学报, 21(3):285-290. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB903.008.htm 徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 叶建青, 等, 2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质, 30(3):597-629. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DZDZ200803003.htm 杨强, 党亚民, 2010.利用GPS速度场估算青藏高原地壳韧性层等效黏滞系数分布的研究.测绘学报, 39(5):497-502. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CHXB201005012.htm 杨树新, 陆远忠, 陈连旺, 等, 2012.用单元降刚法探索中国大陆强震远距离跳迁及主体活动区域转移.地球物理学报, 55(1):105-116. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201306034.htm 杨兴悦, 陈连旺, 杨立明, 等, 2013a.巴颜喀拉块体强震动力学过程数值模拟.地震学报, 35(3):304-314. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-85403-1013107357.htm 杨兴悦, 陈连旺, 杨立明, 等, 2013b.巴颜喀拉块体周缘几次强震对甘东南地区地震形势的影响.地震, 2013, 33(3):77-89. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZN201303008.htm 詹自敏, 陈连旺, 陆远忠, 2011.大华北地壳动力学参数及三维有限元模型的建立.大地测量与地球动力学, 31(増刊):29-32. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB2011S1006.htm 张东宁, 高龙生, 1989.东亚地区应力场的三维数值模拟.中国地震, 5(4):24-33. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZD198904004.htm 张培震, 邓起东, 张国民, 等, 2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑), 33(增刊):12-20. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK2003S1001.htm 张培震, 朱守彪, 张竹琪, 等, 2012.汶川地震的发震构造与破裂机理.地震地质, 34(4):566-575. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201204006.htm 张学民, 束沛镒, 刁桂苓, 等, 2001.利用数字地震记录判刑究唐山震区台下的P、S波速结构.华北地震科学, 19(1):10-17. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD200101001.htm 周仕勇, 2008.川西及邻近地区地震活动性模拟和断层间相互作用研究.地球物理学报, 51(1):165-174. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200801022.htm -
点击查看大图
图(6) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 4310
- HTML全文浏览量: 1840
- PDF下载量: 24
- 被引次数: 0
