Integrative Depositional Model for Carbonate Tempestites in Upper Cambrian, Central Shandong Province
-
摘要: 我国的碳酸盐风暴岩丰富多样,但前人对不同环境风暴岩的沉积作用、沉积序列和沉积模式的总结还不够完善.山东省中部上寒武统炒米店组碳酸盐风暴岩发育频繁,分布广,提供了全面分析风暴沉积作用的理想场所.基于该区详实的露头观察,可识别出冲刷面、渠模、丘状交错层理等典型的风暴沉积构造,以及砾屑灰岩、递变层理含砾砂屑灰岩-砂屑灰岩、纹层状粉-砂屑灰岩等风暴岩类型.根据砾屑颜色、磨圆度、排列方式、支撑结构、充填物等岩石学特征,研究区首要发育的砾屑灰岩可被细分为紧密堆积棱角状砾屑灰岩、基质支撑砾屑灰岩、砂屑支撑砾屑灰岩、水平-叠瓦状砾屑灰岩和放射状排列砾屑灰岩5种岩相类型,其分别归属于台前缓坡带原地-近源堆积、碎屑流、高密度-低密度浊流、风暴砾滩和风暴涡流沉积.对台前缓坡、台地边缘和开阔台地等不同环境的风暴沉积序列进行了归纳,建立了缓坡型碳酸盐台地风暴沉积的综合模式,并指出研究区频繁的风暴作用与全球气候变暖、海平面上升以及地震活动存在密切联系.研究表明较多台地边缘发育的大型渠模构造,其充填砾屑呈放射状排列,指示了渠模的风暴涡流成因Abstract: Depositional processes, successions and models for various carbonate tempestites in different environments should be well documented in our country. The carbonate tempestites are frequently and widely developed in the Chaomidian Formation of the Upper Cambrian, central Shandong Province, providing an area favorable to comprehensively realize storm depositional processes. On the basis of outcrop observations in detail, typical storm sedimentary structures including scouring surface, gutter cast and hummocky cross-bedding, and tempestites including calcirudite, graded gravelly calcarenite, laminated calcisiltite and calcarenite were identified. Specially, according to petrologic features such as color, psephicity and arrangement mode of gravel and support fabric, the dominant calcirudites are classified as five sorts of lithofacies, including angular tightly-stacked calcirudite, matrix-supported calcirudite, sand-supported calcirudite, horizontal to imbricate calcirudite and radially-arranged calcirudite, which were attributed to autochthonous to near-sourced deposits at a fore-platform ramp, debris flow deposits, high-density to low-density turbidites, storm gravel beach deposits and storm vortex deposits respectively. Furthermore, storm depositional successes in the various environments of fore-platform ramp, platform margin and open platform were summarized, and an integrative depositional model for carbonate tempestites at the background of ramp platform was built up. Finally, the frequent tempestites were ascribed to warm climate, a sea-level rise and earthquakes. Significantly, many gutter casts occurred at the platform margin, and were commonly filled with radiate gravels indicative of storm vortex processes. Additionally, the integrative model is useful to illuminate various storm processes.
-
Key words:
- tempestite /
- carbonate /
- ramp platform /
- Cambrian /
- stratigraphy /
- sedimentation
-
图 3 山东省中部中-上寒武统岩性组合露头
a.大寺山露头,三山子组C段底部灰白色窝卷状叠层石白云岩;b.郭家庄露头,炒米店组上部灰白色厚层状白云质灰岩;c.郭家庄露头,炒米店组上部灰色波状层理灰岩及灰白色中厚层状白云质灰岩;d.张庄村露头,炒米店组上部灰色波状层理灰岩;e.郭家庄露头,炒米店组中部页岩夹薄层灰岩及透镜状砾屑灰岩;f.郭家庄露头,炒米店组下部页岩夹透镜状砾屑灰岩;g.柳条峪村露头,崮山组灰色页岩夹少量链条状、薄层状灰岩;h.柳条峪村露头,张夏组上灰岩段叠层石灰岩
Fig. 3. Outcrop sceneries showing the lithologic associations in the Middle to the Upper Cambrian,central Shandong Province
-
Aigner,T.,1982.Calcareous Tempestites: Storm-Dominated Stratification in Upper Muschelkalk Limestones.In: Einsele,G.,Seilacher,A.,eds.,Cyclic and Event Stratification.Springer,New York,180-198. http://www.oalib.com/references/15816928 Dai,C.C.,Zheng,R.C.,Zhu,R.K.,et al.,2009.The Discovery and Significance of Seismites from Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Analogous Foreland Basin.Advances in Earth Science,24(2):172-180 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/references/15816983 Dott,R.H.J.,Bourgeois,J.,1982.Hummocky Stratification: Significance of Its Variable Bedding Sequences.Geological Society of America Bulletin,93(8):663-680.doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93 Du,Y.S.,2005.Tempestite in the Quaternary Huguangyan Formation in Weizhou Island,Beihai City,Guangxi.Earth Science,30(1):47-51 (in Chinese with English abstract). Du,Y.S.,Han,X.,2000a.Tsunami and Tsunamites.Geological Science and Technology Information,19(1):19-22 (in Chinese with English abstract). Du,Y.S.,Han,X.,2000b.Seismo-Deposition and Seismites.Advances in Earth Science,15(4):389-394 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.adearth.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9260.shtml Huang,H.W.,Du,Y.S.,Huang,Z.Q.,et al.,2007.Paleozoic Seismites in the Nandan-Hechi Basin,Guangxi and Its Tectonic Significance.Geological Review,53(5):592-599 (in Chinese with English abstract). Hu,M.Y.,He,P.,2002.The Study of Tidal Storm Deposits and Its Research Significance.Advance in Earth Sciences,17(3):391-395 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/references/15816634 Jin,K.K.,1997.Tempestites in the Cambrian Strata in Dabeiwang,Xuzhou,Jiangsu.Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,17(1):34-38 (in Chinese with English abstract). Kelling,G.,Mullin,P.R.,1975.Graded Limestones and Limestone-Quartzite Couplets: Possible Storm-Deposits from the Moroccan Carboniferous.Sedimentary Geology,13(3):161-190.doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(75)90019-6 Kumar,N.,Sanders,J.E.,1976.Characteristics of Shoreface Storm Deposits: Modern and Ancient Examples.Journal of Sedimentary Research,46(1):145-162.doi: 10.1306/212f6edd-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d Li,Z.F.,Guo,Y.H.,2000.Storm Deposits in the Sinian Jiayuan Formation of Xuzhou Area.Journal of Palaeogeography,2(2):19-27 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/references/19218338 Meng,X.H.,Qiao,X.F.,Ge,M.,1986.Study on Ancient Shallow Sea Carbonate Strom Deposits (Tempesite) in North China and Dingjiatan Model of Facies and Sequences.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,4(2):1-18 (in Chinese with English abstract). Pérez-López,A.,2001.Significance of Pot and Gutter Casts in a Middle Triassic Carbonate Platform,Betic Cordillera,Southern Spain.Sedimentology,48(6):1371-1389.doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00425.x Qiao,X.F.,Li,H.B.,Gao,L.Z.,1997.Sinian-Early Paleozoic Seismic Rhythms on the North China Platform.Earth Science Frontiers,4(3-4): 155-160 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/references/16007293 Song,J.M.,Yang,D.,Li,P.W.,et al.,2012.Development Characteristics and Geological Significance of Carbonate Tempestites in China.Geoscience,26(3):589-600 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yang,F.Z.,Wu,S.A.,2007.Change of Extreme Weather Events in Hainan Island for Last 39 Years.Meteorological Monthly,33(3):107-113 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200703015.htm Zhang,G.D.,Wang,Y.Y.,Zhu,J.C.,et al.,1987.Modern Coastal Storm Deposits of Putuo Island and Zhujiajian Island,Zhoushan.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,5(2):17-28,146-147 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198702001.htm Zhang,Z.,Du,Y.S.,Mao,Z.C.,et al.,2008.The Upper Devonian Tempestites from Liantang,Guiyang,Southeastern Hunan Province and Its Palaeogeographic and Palaeoclimatic Significance.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(3):369-375 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_cjxb200803002.aspx Zhou,Z.C.,Willems,H.,Li,Y.,et al.,2013.Discovery of a Well-Preserved Carbonate Tempestite Sequence from the Cambrian Gushan Formation of the Shandong Province and It's Theoretical and Practical Significance.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,52(1):107-117 (in Chinese with English abstract). 戴朝成,郑荣才,朱如凯,等,2009.四川类前陆盆地须家河组震积岩的发现及其研究意义.地球科学进展,24(2): 172-180. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ200902011.htm 杜远生,2005.广西北海涠洲岛第四纪湖光岩组的风暴岩.地球科学,30(1): 47-51. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200501006.htm 杜远生,韩欣,2000a.论海啸作用与海啸岩.地质科技情报,19(1): 19-22. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200001004.htm 杜远生,韩欣,2000b.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,15(4): 389-394. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ200004005.htm 黄宏伟,杜远生,黄志强,等,2007.广西丹池盆地晚古生代震积岩及其构造意义.地质论评,53(5): 592-599. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP200705002.htm 胡明毅,贺萍,2002.潮坪风暴沉积特征及其研究意义.地球科学进展,17(3): 391-395. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ200203015.htm 金瞰 ,1997.徐州大北望寒武系地层中的风暴岩及其特征.岩相古地理,17(1): 34-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD199701006.htm 李壮福,郭英海,2000.徐州地区震旦系贾园组的风暴沉积.古地理学报,2(2): 19-27. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX200002002.htm 孟祥化,乔秀夫,葛铭,1986.华北古浅海碳酸盐风暴沉积和丁家滩相序模式.沉积学报,4(2): 1-18. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198602000.htm 乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志,1997.华北地台震旦纪-早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,4(3-4): 155-160. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY7Z2.025.htm 宋金民,杨迪,李朋威,等,2012.中国碳酸盐风暴岩发育特征及其地质意义.现代地质,26(3): 589-600. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ201203024.htm 杨馥祯,吴胜安,2007.近39年海南岛极端天气事件频率变化.气象,33(3): 107-113. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200703015.htm 张国栋,王益友,朱静昌,等,1987.现代滨岸风暴沉积—以舟山普陀岛、朱家尖岛为例.沉积学报,5(2): 17-28,146-147. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198702001.htm 张哲,杜远生,毛治超,等,2008.湘东南桂阳莲塘上泥盆系风暴岩特征及其古地理、古气候意义.沉积学报,26(3): 369-375. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200803002.htm 周志澄,Willems,H.,李越,等,2013.保存完整的风暴沉积序列在山东省寒武系崮山组的发现及其理论和实际意义.古生物学报,52(1): 107-117. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX201301011.htm