Gas Migration and Accumulation Modelling in Volcanic Reservoirs, Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Songliao Basin
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摘要: 与火山岩有关的油气藏或油气显示已在世界范围内被广泛发现，然而受火山岩储层强非均质性的影响，揭示火山岩油气成藏过程的盆地模拟研究进展十分缓慢，尚未见到关于火山岩储层中油气运聚成藏模拟研究的报道.采用PetroMod软件首次成功模拟了火山岩储层天然气运聚成藏过程，系统论述了含油气盆地模拟工作中三维精细地质模型的建立、关键参数的选取，并在统计国内外火山岩物性的基础上提出了不同岩性火山岩孔隙度与深度的关系，结合研究区岩相分布，考察了不同断裂活动期和不同运移算法时深层火山岩天然气运聚过程.结果揭示：徐家围子断陷深层有机质具有接力生气的特征，无主生气期，火山岩气藏主要形成于泉头组-青山口组末期，气藏发育位置受控于断裂分布与活动期、火山岩体和储层孔隙度；活动期次与时间可影响天然气聚集层位，深层气源断裂活动期要早于94.5 Ma；采用混合法模拟火山岩储层中的油气运聚成藏比较合适.徐家围子断陷深层火山岩天然气的下一步勘探方向为斜坡带、洼陷深部的微幅度构造、火山岩体和岩性尖灭带，同时深层致密砂砾岩储层也应有较大潜力.Abstract: Volcanic reservoirs and oil & gas shows have been found worldwide. However, the modelling of volcanic rocks related hydrocarbon accumulation process shows little progress due to strong volcanic reservoir heterogeneity. Using PetroMod software, gas migration and accumulation in the volcanic reservoirs has been successfully modelled for the first time in this study. Three dimensional geological modelling, key parameters or methods selection are described in detail. Based on the statistical porosity of volcanic rocks, the relationship of porosity versus depth for volcanic rocks was established using an exponential model, then the gas migration and accumulation processes under different situations, such as fault activity periods and flow simulation methods, were modelled. The results show that gas generation from organic matter in the study area has a long period in a relay mode without major gas generation period; volcanic gas reservoirs formed mainly during Quantou-Qingshankou Formation end period, and gas reservoir distributions were controlled by fault locations, activity periods, volcanic rock mass and porosities; the fault activity time is before 94.5 Ma indicated by simulation results. It is concluded that the integrated migration method is the best way for describing gas migration in the volcanic rocks. Slope zone, micro-structures in the sag, lithologic pinchout and volcanic mass are favorable zones for the volcanic gas exploration in the study area, meanwhile, the tight conglomerate or tight sand in the deep formation should also have a great potential for gas exploration.
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图 1 徐家围子断陷工区简图及模型关键层位岩性柱状图
Fig. 1. Sketch of Xujiaweizi fault depression and lithological column of key strata
图 2 工区标准层 (营城组顶界) 埋深
井轨迹上的刻线来自分层数据
Fig. 2. Burial depth of standard formation (top depth of K1yc), marks in the well track were derived from geologic stratification data
图 3 徐家围子断陷热史模拟结果
a.实测温标与模拟值对比图；b.徐家围子断陷热流演化史，图中显示部分井
Fig. 3. Thermal history simulation results of Xujiaweizi fault depression
图 4 不同断裂活动期对深层火山岩气藏聚集的影响
图中底部时间表示断裂活动时期：-118 Ma表示断裂活动早于118 Ma；113.5~103.0 Ma表示断裂活动时期介于113.5和103.0 Ma之间，显示的聚集情况均为现今状态
Fig. 4. Influence of activity times of different faults on the simulated gas accumulation reservoirs at present time
图 5 不同运移算法时深层火山岩气藏聚集情况
Fig. 5. Gas accumulation results at present time by using different migrated methods
图 6 不同岩性火山岩孔隙度与深度关系
Fig. 6. Porosity of volcanic rock with different lithology versus burial depth
图 7 靶区营城组一段、三段火山岩岩相分布 (a) 和各岩相内岩性组成 (b)
Fig. 7. Diagram of volcanic lithofacies from K1yc1 and K1yc3 (a) and volcanic composition chart for different lithofacies rock (b)
图 8 火山岩孔隙度演化及其与天然气聚集关系
Fig. 8. Relationships of porosity and gas accumulation site at different geological times
图 9 徐家围子断陷沙河子组烃源岩有机质成熟度演化史
Fig. 9. K1sh source rock maturity charts at different geological times, Xujiaweizi fault depression
图 10 徐家围子断陷深层有机质生烃史
Fig. 10. Hydrocarbon generation history from deep source rocks, Xujiaweizi fault depression
图 11 徐家围子断陷深层火山岩气藏聚集过程
Fig. 11. Volcanic gas reservoir forming process, Xujiaweizi fault depression
图 12 模拟的火山岩气藏与勘探证实气藏边界叠合图，图中给出了5个预测区块位置
Fig. 12. Comparison between simulated gas reservoir and proved gas reservoir, and 5 probable gas reservoirs tagged as red ellipses
表 1 靶区深层有利火山岩气藏区块预测评价
Table 1. Estimated parameters of probable gas reservoirs in the deep layers of Xujiaweizi Fault depression
预测区块 聚集条件 圈闭条件
盖层封闭性储集条件 运移条件 综合评价 排序 距生烃中心距离 (km) 预计产量 (104 m3) 生气强度 (108 m3/km3) 营一段顶部年龄 (MPa) 登二段年龄 (MPa) 构造形态 圈闭大小 风化壳厚度 (m) 裂缝/条 (m) 次生孔隙度 (%) 断裂 预测1 8.015 3.5~25 3.83 5.72 6.54 微幅度构造 大 40 2.28 0.80 多条走滑调整断裂 聚集、储集、运移条件均好，圈闭大 1 预测2 14.280 5~80 52.90 1.55 6.90 洼陷深部斜坡带 小 - 0.50 1.11 徐中断裂 聚集条件较好，运移条件差，圈闭小，储集条件中等 4 预测3 32.460 8~12 0.80 6.47 5.16 斜坡带 较大 70 0.81 1.06 徐西断裂 圈闭较大，储集、运移条件较好，聚集条件差 2 预测4 35.560 8~10 1.30 6.26 5.20 斜坡带 中 50 0.46 1.01 徐西断裂 圈闭、储集条件中等，运移、聚集条件较差 3 预测5 29.910 8~14 1.40 6.47 7.08 微幅度构造 较小 - 4.97 3.36 近南北断裂 聚集条件中等，圈闭较小，储集、运移条件差 5 
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