Dynamic Variations of Nitrogen in Groundwater under Influence of Seasonal Hydrological Condition in Typical Area of Jianghan Plain
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摘要: 江汉平原东部地区地下水硝态氮和氨氮污染严重，地表水-地下水相互作用强烈，季节性水文条件变化极其显著.选取典型试验场地，对试验场内沉积物(0~25 m)氮形态进行测定，并对地下水氮含量及其他水化学指标进行连续性监测.研究表明：沉积物NO3--N含量较高(25.8~119.48 mg/kg)，是可交换态氮的主要组成部分，NH3-N含量与TOC和TN均呈一定的正相关性，表明NH3-N含量主要受沉积物中埋藏有机质的控制.试验场深度较深(≥2 m)地下水氮的含量和形态对地下水位波动有明显响应：雨季开始，地下水位抬升，含水介质还原性增强，NO3--N生成受抑制且通过反应消耗，矿化作用加强，导致NH3-N成为氮的主要赋存形态；雨季结束，地下水水位下降，含水介质的氧化性增强，NO3--N的生成受到促进，硝化作用增强而反硝化作用减弱，导致NO3--N的浓度增加.近地表人类活动(外源输入)对试验场浅表地层(＜2 m)地下水氮形态有明显的影响.自然或者人为因素引起的水文条件变化导致地下水流场的变化，从而改变含水介质固有的氧化还原环境，是导致试验场氮季节性变化的主要原因.Abstract: The pollution of NO3--N and NH3-N in groundwater is very serious in the eastern of Jianghan plain, which is characterized by strong interactions between groundwater and surface water and obvious variations of seasonal hydrological condition. Sediment samples along vertical profiles of three boreholes and groundwater samples with different depths in different seasons were sampled to analyze the nitrogen speciation coupled with supporting chemistry in a typical field site. The results show that NO3--N with concentrations from 25.8 to 119.48 mg/kg is a dominant speciation of the total exchangeable nitrogen in sediments. The NH3-N concentrations have a good positive correlation with TOC and TN contents in sediments, implying NH3-N was mainly influenced by organic matter. The concentration and speciation of nitrogen in the groundwater deeper than 2 m show a significant response to the fluctuation of groundwater level. During the monsoon season, groundwater level increased, enhancing the reducing potential of aquifer media. As a result, NO3--N was not liable to be produced and was more likely to be consumed by denitrification. At the same time, with the mineralization enhanced, NH3-N was gradually becoming the main speciation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. After the monsoon season, groundwater level declined, enhancing the oxidizing potential of aquifer media.As a result, nitrification was enhanced and denitrification was limited, and the concentration of NO3--N increased.Anthropogenic activities near the surface had a significant effect on the concentration and speciation of nitrogen in the groundwater shallower than 2 m. In summary, under the coupled influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, seasonal hydrological change resulted in the variation of redox potential, which was the main trigger for seasonal variation of nitrogen concentration and speciation in the groundwater.
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Key words:
- Jianghan plain /
- three-nitrogen /
- seasonal variation /
- groundwater /
- migration and transformation /
- hydrogeology
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图 1 地表水-地下水相互作用试验场位置
Fig. 1. Location of the interaction between SW-GW field site in the Jianghan plain
图 3 试验场丰水期、枯水期水流场示意
Fig. 3. Sketch of groundwater flow field in dry and wet season of field site
图 4 SH01A、SH02A、SH03A钻孔沉积物垂向岩性及三氮含量变化
Fig. 4. Variation of contents of 3-nitrogen in sediment samples from SH01A, SH02A, SH03A borehole with depth
图 5 试验场沉积物TOC-TN、TOC-NH3-N、TN-NH3-N和NO3--N-NH3-N关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between TN and TOC, TOC and NH3-N、NH3-N and TN, NH3-N and NO3--N for the sediments from field site
图 6 试验场不同深度地下水氮含量与水位波动、地下水氧化还原环境季节性变化关系
Fig. 6. Seasonal variation of nitrogen concentration in groundwater at different depth responding to fluctuation of water level and seasonal variation of redox environment in groundwater
图 7 试验场浅层潜水氮形态季节性变化与亚铁浓度对比
Fig. 7. Comparison of seasonal variation of nitrogen speciation and Fe2+ concentration in shallow groundwater in the field site
图 8 试验场地下水氮素迁移转化概念模型
Fig. 8. Conceptual model of the transfer and transformation among nitrogen for the groundwater in the field site
表 1 江汉平原地表水-地下水相互作用试验场不同深度含水层水位季节性变化
Table 1. Seasonal variations of water level at different depths in the field site
监测点编号 全新统浅层孔隙潜水水位(m) 上更新统浅层孔隙承压水位(m) 丰水期 枯水期 水位变化 丰水期 枯水期 水位变化 SH01 21.47 21.20 0.27 21.70 21.25 0.45 SH02 21.78 21.34 0.44 21.87 21.34 0.53 SH03 21.65 21.33 0.32 21.77 21.38 0.39 SH04 21.58 21.58 0.00 21.85 21.31 0.54 
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表 2 水样测试手段及方法
Table 2. Testing means and methods for water samples
检测指标 仪器或方法 最低检出浓度 检测单位 现场NH3-N、NO3--N、NO2--N和Fe2+浓度 便携式分光光度计(HACH2800，美国) 0.01 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.001 mg/L和0.01 mg/L 现场测试 碱度 碱度滴定法 0.01 mg/L 现场测试 常规阳离子 电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-OES(iCAP 6300)，美国热电公司) 0.000 1 mg/L 中国地质大学(武汉)教育部长江三峡库区地质灾害研究中心 常规阴离子 美国赛默飞ICS-2100离子色谱仪 0.001 mg/L 中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院
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