江汉平原东部地区浅层地下水水化学特征

於昊天; 马腾; 邓娅敏; 杜尧; 沈帅; 鲁宗杰

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.056

江汉平原东部地区浅层地下水水化学特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.056

於昊天^1,2,,
马腾^1,2, ,,
邓娅敏³,
杜尧^1,2,
沈帅^1,2,
鲁宗杰³

1.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学环境学院，湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地质调查研究院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子课题 No.2012ZX07204-003-04

国家自然科学基金项目 No.41372252

中国地质调查局项目 No.12120114069301

详细信息

作者简介:
於昊天(1991-)，男，博士，主要从事地下水污染与防治、水文地球化学等方面的科研工作.ORCID:0000-0002-2412-3959.E-mail: tiantian12132@163.com

通讯作者:
马腾，ORCID:0000-0003-2827-9579.E-mail: mateng@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P64
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-01-15
- 刊出日期: 2017-05-15

Hydrochemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Eastern Jianghan Plain

Yu Haotian^{1,2
,},
Ma Teng^{1,2
, ,},
Deng Yamin³,
Du Yao^1,2,
Shen Shuai^1,2,
Lu Zongjie³

1.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 浅层地下水是江汉平原东部地区重要的供水水源，但面临着污染及天然水质异常等问题.基于水化学与氢氧同位素结果，并运用数理统计和因子分析等方法，查明了研究区浅层地下水的化学特征、控制过程以及影响因素.结果显示，浅层地下水的化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca型；其中潜水中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量与承压水接近，Fe、As和NH₄⁺含量低于承压水，而Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Mn和NO₃^-含量高于承压水.浅层地下水主要为大气降水补给，其中潜水经历了一定程度的蒸发以及与地表水的混合.在影响浅层地下水化学特征的因素中，地质成因在总体上可能起主导作用；人类活动的输入显著地改变着潜水的化学特征，而浅层承压水则主要受径流过程中水-岩相互作用的影响.
- 江汉平原东部 /
- 浅层地下水 /
- 水化学 /
- 因子分析 /
- 离子比值法 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: The shallow groundwater is an important water supply source in the eastern Jianghan plain, but it is confronted with pollution and inferior quality of natural water. This study identifies the chemical characteristics, control processes and influencing factors of shallow groundwater in the study area based on the results of water chemistry, hydrogen and oxygen isotope, using methods of mathematical statistics and factor analysis. Results show that the shallow groundwater chemical types are mainly HCO₃-Ca, the contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the phreatic water are close to those in confined water, the contents of the As, Fe, NH₄⁺ are lower than those in confined water, but the contents of the Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Mn and NO₃^- are higher than those in confined water. The shallow groundwater mainly originates from precipitation and the phreatic water has experienced a degree of evaporation and the mixture of surface water. Among the influencing factors of shallow groundwater chemical characteristics, the geologic origin may play a leading role; human activities have dramatically changed the chemical characteristics of the phreatic water, and the shallow confined water is mainly affected by water-rock interaction of the runoff process.
- eastern Jianghan plain /
- shallow groundwater /
- hydrochemistry /
- factor analysis /
- ion ratio method /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 研究区在江汉平原位置

Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the Jianghan plain

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图 2 江汉平原研究区水文地质剖面

Fig. 2. Hydrogeological profile of the study area in the Jianghan plain

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图 3 氢氧同位素特征

Fig. 3. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics

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图 4 研究区内采样点的吉布斯(Gibbs)图

Fig. 4. Gibbs figures of the samples in the study area

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图 5 不同土地利用类型下潜水的Piper三线图

Fig. 5. The Piper diagram of preatic water in the different landuse types

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图 6 纵向剖面上TDS变化图及与饱和指数SI关系

Fig. 6. TDS with the change of SI in the longitudinal section

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表 1 浅层地下水水化学指标的统计结果

Table 1. Mathematical statistic results of geochemistry of shallow groundwater

参数	单位	潜水				浅层承压水				GB5749-2006
参数	单位	极小值	极大值	均值	变异系数	极小值	极大值	均值	变异系数	GB5749-2006
pH		6.14	7.72	6.83	0.04	6.39	7.77	6.91	0.01	6.5~8.5
TDS	mg/L	270.00	1 082.00	578.00	22.00	187.00	877.00	465.00	4.34	1 000
K⁺	mg/L	0.47	43.00	5.27	0.88	0.51	14.60	1.73	0.07	-
Na⁺	mg/L	4.92	138.60	31.40	3.29	2.12	81.00	19.80	0.47	-
Ca²⁺	mg/L	53.90	235.50	146.00	4.45	22.90	205.00	121.00	1.13	-
Mg²⁺	mg/L	14.40	60.30	27.30	1.09	7.20	45.30	25.20	0.35	-
Cl^-	mg/L	0.29	140.00	30.10	3.93	0.00	293.00	4.57	1.01	250
SO₄^2-	mg/L	0.00	209.00	60.30	6.56	0.00	24.60	1.55	0.18	250
HCO₃^-	mg/L	206.00	907.00	534.00	16.70	171.00	909.00	582.00	5.37	-
As	μg/L	0.00	52.30	8.20	1.89	0.00	1 015.00	45.70	4.62	10
Fe	mg/L	0.00	11.30	1.16	0.30	0.01	32.20	5.60	0.26	0.3
Mn	mg/L	0.00	6.49	0.93	0.16	0.02	4.55	0.52	0.04	0.1
NH₄⁺	mg/L	0.01	6.35	0.52	0.18	0.04	19.70	2.59	0.17	0.5
NO₃^-	mg/L	0.00	298	24.6	6.34	0.00	62.60	0.48	0.21	10
δD	‰	-48.90	-23.50	-34.90	1.67	-54.80	-31.00	-46.50	0.35	-
δ¹⁸O	‰	-7.67	-3.22	-5.70	0.28	-8.61	-4.60	-7.34	0.05	-
总硬度 (以CaCO₃)	mg/L	195.00	748.00	479.00	14.30	113.00	695.00	408.00	3.70	450

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表 2 旋转成分矩阵

Table 2. Rotated component matrix

指标	潜水			浅层承压水
指标	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄
TDS	0.945	-0.121	0.292	0.973	0.095	0.158	0.022
K⁺	0.065	-0.024	0.874	-0.214	0.808	0.075	0.041
Na⁺	0.688	-0.408	0.288	0.305	-0.241	0.779	0.199
Ca²⁺	0.927	0.003	-0.183	0.907	0.151	-0.120	-0.002
Mg²⁺	0.793	0.036	0.359	0.679	-0.132	0.300	-0.229
Cl^-	0.595	-0.577	0.247	-0.089	0.231	0.871	-0.069
SO₄^2-	0.704	-0.473	0.321	0.043	-0.117	0.086	0.508
HCO₃^-	0.828	0.440	-0.127	0.973	0.105	-0.021	0.002
NH₄⁺	0.073	0.864	-0.164	0.284	0.797	-0.084	-0.132
NO₃^-	0.227	-0.195	0.771	0.048	0.200	-0.032	0.671
Fe	0.102	0.902	-0.245	0.185	0.864	0.030	-0.007
Si	-0.240	0.732	0.226	0.277	0.133	0.025	-0.758
方差贡献率(%)	37.657	25.541	16.724	29.330	18.986	12.643	11.656
累计方差贡献率(%)	37.657	63.198	79.922	29.330	48.316	60.959	72.615

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