Evolution of Quaternary Sedimentary Environment in Shallow Aquifers, at Shahu Area, Jianghan Plain
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摘要: 地下含水介质是地球关键带的重要研究对象，为了拓展江汉平原地下水环境问题研究维度，综合应用14C测年、δ13C、铁价态以及沉积物溶解态有机质(dissolved organic matter，DOM)的光谱信息等重要环境指标，对沙湖地区近30 ka的浅层含水层第四纪沉积环境演化特征进行了概化分析.沉积物中Zr/Rb、Rb/Sr比值以及δ13C值表明，剖面在5~7 m和16~18 m范围相对其他深度更显暖湿气候特征；Fe3+/Fe2+比值及沉积物颜色说明这两段暖湿期沉积物主要呈现还原环境.基于因子分析和DOM光谱信息可将沉积剖面的沉积环境演化概化为“近地表弱生物碎屑沉积单元”和“暖湿期强沉积单元”等5个单元.本沉积剖面所记录的沉积环境演化信息可为该区的地下水环境等相关问题的深入研究提供重要的背景支撑.Abstract: Hydrate-bearing sediments are the fundamental elements for the study of Earth Critical Zone. To broaden the studying dimensions of groundwater environmental problems, 14C dating, δ13C, iron valance and spectroscopic information of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Shahu sediment profile were employed to characterize the evolution of sedimentary environment of 30 000 years in Jianghan plain. The values of Zr/Rb, Rb/Sr and δ13C indicate that the climates are much warmer and wetter in the periods of sediments formation in 5 to 7 m and 16 to 18 m than others; the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ states that sediments in the two periods is mainly in reductive environment. The evolution of sedimentary environment is generalized into five units including unit of weak bioclastic deposition near-surface, unit of strong deposition in warm and wet period based on the factor analysis and spectroscopic information of DOM. Evolution of Quaternary sedimentary environment suggested by sediment profile at Shahu provides essential data for researches on the regional groundwater environmental problems.
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Key words:
- Jianghan plain /
- sediments /
- shallow aquifer /
- evolution of sedimentary environment /
- hydrogeology
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图 2 沉积剖面Zr、Rb、Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr分布
Fig. 2. Vertical distribution of Zr, Rb, Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr in sedimentary profile
图 3 代表性沉积物的XPS扫描
Fig. 3. XPS scanning graph of representative sediment
a.SH3-14;b.SH3-16
图 5 沉积剖面沉积环境演化模式概化单元
Fig. 5. Generalized model of sedimentary environment evolution in the core
表 1 沉积物样品14C年龄数据
Table 1. 14C age data of sediment samples
样品编号 实验室编号 取样深度(m) 14C年龄(a BP) 日历年龄(cal a BP) 平均日历年龄(cal a BP) SH3-3 XA15932 3.2~3.5 4 490±30 5 298~5 040 5 170 SH3-5 XA15933 5.3~5.6 5 690±30 6 554~6 406 6 480 SH3-8 XA15935 8.8~9.1 8 865±40 10 770~9 781 10 280 SH3-10 XA15936 11.1~11.4 9 480±40 10 805~10 587 10 700 SH3-14 XA15939 16.3~16.6 16 810±60 20 486~20 066 20 280 SH3-16 XA15940 18.6~18.9 25 270±95 29 613~29 012 29 320 SH3-18 XA15941 21.5~21.8 29 930±130 34 286~33 746 34 020 
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表 2 特征性光谱学参数
Table 2. Parameter of characteristic spectroscopy
样品编号 提取DOM(mg·L-1) SUVA254 1/S275-295 A253/A220 SH3-3 3.32 2.22 68.03 0.323 1 SH3-5 3.55 1.17 120.48 0.403 0 SH3-6 3.92 1.55 120.48 0.426 7 SH3-8 3.48 1.75 166.67 0.333 3 SH3-13 2.51 1.52 120.48 0.205 9 SH3-14 2.88 1.53 105.26 0.277 8 SH3-16 2.75 1.66 87.72 0.295 5 SH3-18 2.19 1.78 117.65 0.340 9
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表 3 沙湖沉积元素含量统计
Table 3. Oxide content of elements in the profile of Shahu
元素 SH3-2 SH3-5 SH3-6 SH3-8 SH3-13 SH3-14 SH3-16 SH3-18 均值 SiO2 62.42 59.02 57.42 55.92 64.25 58.17 63.31 64.29 60.60 Al2O3 14.47 18.89 19.92 13.90 16.52 21.03 16.17 11.86 16.59 Fe2O3 4.73 7.16 7.73 5.37 5.65 8.75 5.36 3.64 6.05 K2O 2.30 2.88 2.99 2.18 2.48 3.30 2.65 2.15 2.62 CaO 3.30 1.75 1.88 7.73 1.02 0.89 1.11 1.86 2.44 MgO 2.08 2.38 2.34 2.75 1.95 2.44 1.98 1.37 2.16 Na2O 1.85 1.03 0.88 1.37 1.59 0.85 1.66 2.06 1.41 TiO2 0.72 0.87 0.78 0.73 0.76 0.83 0.81 0.73 0.78 P2O5 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.26 0.24 0.21 ZrO2 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 Cr2O3 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 SrO 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Rb2O 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 ZnO 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
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表 4 氧化物的因子载荷
Table 4. Factor loadings of oxides
氧化物 因子载荷 F1 F2 F3 K2O 
-0.057 -0.068 Al2O3 
-0.186 0.031 Rb2O 
-0.151 -0.142 SrO 
0.157 -0.237 Fe2O3 
-0.359 -0.076 ZnO 
-0.205 -0.030 TiO2 
0.064 -0.016 Na2O 
0.536 0.148 Cr2O3 
0.293 0.430 SiO2 -0.327 
0.182 MgO 0.370 
0.229 P2O5 -0.080 
-0.054 CaO -0.597 
0.055 ZrO2 -0.077 -0.104 
注：图中方框分别标注因子F1、F2、F3的元素组合对应的因子载荷.
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