Overview on Critical Zone Observatory at Dajiuhu Peatland, Shennongjia
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摘要: 关键带科学是当代地球科学的热点研究领域之一.国际上主要通过关键带监测来促进关键带科学的发展，服务于社会经济发展和生态保护.在我国，关键带研究与监测还处在起步的阶段.神农架大九湖湿地是中纬度地区少见的亚高山泥炭藓湿地，是丹江口水库最大入库河流堵河的源头之一，已被列入国际重要湿地名录，是开展泥炭湿地监测的优良场所.在10多年来系统的古气候与现代过程研究基础上，我们在大九湖部署了较为系统的监测体系，涵盖了关键带的各种要素，特别是生物、水体及温室气体等方面.在监测点的设置上，既考虑了泥炭湿地内部的空间变化，也考虑表层和深部之间的关联，还设置了河流和湖泊对照点.在监测技术上，部分实现了在线高频监测，大部分达到了野外现场测试的要求.本文将对前期的工作进行回顾总结，并对后续的努力方向进行展望.在前期工作的基础上，要逐步完善监测技术和监测设施，并聚焦于泥炭湿地关键带对气候变化(如干旱)的响应，评估气候变化对大九湖泥炭湿地生态功能的影响.加强与国内外同行的合作，在大九湖开展多学科交叉研究.在关键带系统监测的基础上，完善亚高山泥炭湿地关键带的理论认识，并建立合适的泥炭湿地关键带模型，为湿地保护和可持续发展服务.Abstract: Critical zone science is a novel discipline in earth sciences. International researchers investigate on this discipline mainly through critical zone observatory (CZO), with the aim to develop the framework of this discipline and to serve for economic development and ecological protection. In China, CZO studies have just been initiated. Shenongjia Dajiuhu is a typical subalpine peatland, dominated by Sphagnum, in the middle latitude. This peatland is a head source of Duhe River, which finally drains into the Danjiangkou Reservoir. In 2013, Dajiuhu peatland was listed as a Ramsar Wetlands site. With these merits, Dajiuhu is a perfect place to monitor the peatland dynamics. Based on the over ten years' studies on paleoclimate and modern processes in Dajiuhu, we initialed a CZO monitoring program in Dajiuhu in the early 2014. This program considers all elements in the critical zone, with special attention to organisms, water and greenhouse gases. Monitoring points are established in the peatland and the surrounding lakes and rivers, to explore the relationship among wetlands. Within the peatland, both the surficial and deep processes are monitored. To date, most measurements were completed in the field, to eliminate the influence of sample storage. This paper presents both the progresses of our work and the outlooks for the CZO in Dajiuhu. In the near future, we should pay more attention to improvement of the monitoring techniques and facilities, and focus on responses of the carbon cycle to climate changes especially droughts, and evaluation of the influence of climate change and human activities on the ecosystem function of the subalpine wetland. In addition, collaborations with domestic and international researchers will be strengthened. The final objective is to fulfil the theory for subalpine peatland critical zone, and to build the model of peatland critical zone, and to serve for wetland protection and sustainable development.
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Key words:
- critical zone /
- critical zone observatory /
- Dajiuhu basin of Shennongjia /
- carbon cycle /
- climate change /
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图 3 神农架大九湖地理位置
图中星号标注；底图来自ftp://topex.ucsd.edu/pub/archive/srtm/
Fig. 3. Location of the Dajiuhu peatland, Shennongjia
图 4 神农架大九湖盆地
底图来自大九湖湿地管理局提供的遥感图；YLC、NNF、EHB、DSB等缩写代表保存状态相对好的泥炭沼泽斑块
Fig. 4. Map of the Dajiuhu basin, Shennongjia
图 5 神农架大九湖泥炭湿地监测框架示意
Fig. 5. Schematic map of the monitoring framework in Dajiuhu, Shennongjia
图 6 监测点分布
底图来自Google Earth；15个泥炭监测点(其中1，4，6，7，12，15号点布置了深部土壤孔隙水取样品)，1个河流监测点，1个湖水监测点
Fig. 6. Distribution of monitoring points in Dajiuhu
图 7 2014年7月1日-2014年9月30日环境参数的日均变化
a.蓝色指示气温，红色指示大气相对湿度；b.蓝色指示大气降水量，红色指示沼泽水位埋深；降雨量数据来自神农架九大湖气象站
Fig. 7. Variations of daily air temperature, the relative humidity, precipitation and the depth to water level in Dajiuhu during 1st July to 30th September in 2014
图 8 2015年7月大九湖湿地pH等值线分布
图中圆形代表泥炭，右下方的菱形代表河流，左上和左中的两处菱形代表5号和4号湖
Fig. 8. Contour map of water pH in Dajiuhu in July 2015
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