Source-to-Sink System of the Steep Slope Fault in the Western Shaleitian Uplift
-
摘要: 沙垒田凸起西部发育完整的受断裂陡坡带控制的源-汇系统.基于最新的钻井、薄片资料及高分辨率三维地震资料,精细刻画沙垒田凸起西部源-汇三要素(即物源体系、搬运体系及沉积体系),探讨要素间相关性并建立耦合模式.通过岩石学分析,物源区以混合花岗岩为主,结合古地貌恢复,划分4个三级汇水单元并定量拾取垂向高差与汇水面积参数,明确古沟谷与断槽物源通道的分布及尺度,应用地震沉积学精细刻画沙三段内部3个亚段扇三角洲沉积时空展布及演化.定量探讨源-汇各要素间的相关性,明确汇水单元面积与垂向高差是沉积扇体发育规模的主控因素,构建断裂陡坡带控制下的混合花岗岩-古沟谷或断槽与断面组合的物源通道-近源粗粒扇三角洲-浊积扇-湖泊体系耦合模式.Abstract: During the early stage of Palaeogene, western Shaleitian uplift and surrounding areas constituted a complete Source-to-Sink system under the control of steep slope fault. We analyzed the characteristics of Source-to-Sink elements (provenance system, sediment-routing system, and sedimentary system), discussed the relativities among the three elements and established the coupling model of steep slope fault based on detritus, thin section and the geophysical response datain this study. Results show that the provenance of western Shaleitian uplifts was filled by Proterozoic metamorphic rocks. Based on the Paleogene palaeo-geomorphology, we divided the provenance into four third-order catchment units, obtained the quantitative parameters of height difference and catchment area, and confirmed the distribution and scales of incised valleys and faulted-troughsediment-transport pathways. The facies architecture and sediment-dispersal characters of fan-deltas system in the third member of Eocene Shahejie Formation have been analyzed by the stratal slice images. Quantitative analysis of the parameters in the source-to-sink system show that the total sediment volume yielded by the eroded and weathered hinterland into the basin is closely related to the catchment area and the height difference of the hinterland. Then, the coupling model of source (migmatitic granite)-channel (incised valleys or fault-trough sediment-transport pathways)-sink (near-source coarse grain size fan delta-gravity flow-lake system) controlled by fault steep slopehas been established.
-
图 5 沙垒田凸起区沙三段(Es3)物源通道剖面指示及参数统计
地震剖面位置见图 4
Fig. 5. The section indicator of sediment transport pathways and parametric statistics of the third member of Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es3) in the western Shaleitian uplift
图 6 沙垒田凸起西部典型地震相特征(a, b, c, d)及GR曲线-波阻抗关系(e)
地震剖面位置见图 4b;红色数值表示切片位置
Fig. 6. Seismic facies characteristics of the fan deltas (a, b, c, d) and a cross-plot of GR and wave impedance extracted from wireline-logs (e) in the western Shaleitian uplift
表 1 沙垒田凸起西部沙三段断裂陡坡带源-汇系统主要要素单元
Table 1. Quantitative main parameter of the Source-to-Sink systems of steep slope fault in the third member of Eocene Shahejie Formation, western Shaleitian uplift
物源区 基岩组成 混合花岗岩或花岗岩 碳酸盐岩 汇水单元 b1 b2 b3 b4 c 汇水面积(km2) 56 47 28 36 104 垂向高差(km) 1.726 1.470 1.150 0.850 0.720 水系长度(km) 14.7 13.6 10.4 8.7 12.5 搬运区 通道类型 古沟谷 断槽 通道编号 V6 V5 V4 V3 V2 宽深比 23.81 25.96 19.72 22.96 21.80 截面积(km2) 0.009 0.041 0.044 0.108 0.052 沉积区 沉积单元 A B C D 断裂倾角(°) 22.9 28.2 30.9 26.1 平均沉降速率(m/Ma) 485 300 220 220 260 最大扇体面积(km2) 30.5 17.8 10.1 11.0 16.0 平均厚度(km) 0.65 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.35 最大扇体体积(km3) 24.40 7.12 3.03 3.30 5.60 -
Allen, M.B., Macdonald, D.I.M., Zhao, X., et al., 1997.Early Cenozoic Two-Phase Extension and Late Cenozoic Thermal Subsidence and Inversion of the Bohai Basin, Northern China.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 14:951-972. doi: 10.1016/S0264-8172(97)00027-5 Allen, P.A., 2005.Striking a Chord.Nature, 434(7036):961.doi: 10.1038/434961a Allen, P.A., 2008a.From Landscapes into Geological History.Nature, 451(7176):274-276.doi: 10.1038/nature06586 Allen, P.A., 2008b.Time Scales of Tectonic Landscapes and Their Sediment Routing Systems.Geological Society London Special Publications, 296(1):7-28.doi: 10.1144/SP296.2 Allen, P.A., Hovius, N., 1998.Sediment Supply from Landslide-Dominated Catchments:Implications for Basin-Margin Fans.Basin Research, 10:19-35.doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.1998.00060.x Dickinson, W., Gehrels, G., 2010.Insights into North American Paleogeography and Paleotectonics from U-Pb Ages of Detrital Zircons in Mesozoic Strata of the Colorado Plateau, USA.International Journal of Earth Sciences, 99:1247-1265. doi: 10.1007/s00531-009-0462-0 Fang, S.H., Guo, Z.J., Wu, C.D., et al., 2006.Jurassic Clastic Composition in the Southern Junggar Basin, Northwest China:Implication for Basin-Range Pattern and Tectonic Attributes.Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(2):196-209 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200602005.htm Feng, Y.L., Li, S.T., 2001.Depositional Characteristics of Lowstand Sand Bodies of the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression and the Significance in Petroleum Geology.Geological Review, 47(3):278-286 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/OA000006023 Feng, Y.L., Li, S.T., Lu, Y.C., 2013.Sequence Stratigraphy and Architectural Variability in Late Eocene Lacustrine Strata of the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China.Sedimentary Geology, 295:1-26.doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.07.004 Feng, Y.L., Xu, X.S., 2006.Syndepositional Structural Slope-Break Zone Controls on Lithologic Reservoirs-A Case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(1):22-25, 31 (in Chinese with English abstract). Hou, G.T., Qian, X.L., Song, X.M., 1998.The Origin of the Bohai Bay Basin.Universitatis Pekinensis (Acta Scientiarum Naturalium), 34(4):503-509 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201401007 Huang, C.Y., Wang, H., Xiao, D.Q., et al., 2007.Sequence Patterns Characteristics of Depositional Systems and Model of Reservoirs of Fault Steep Slope Belt of the First Member of Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 25(3):386-391 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lin, C.S., Xia, Q.L., Shi, H.S., et al., 2015.Geomorphological Evolution, Source to Sink System and Basin Analysis.Earth Science Frontiers, 22(1):9-20 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201501002 Lin, C.S., Zhang, Y.M., Li, S.T., et al., 2004.Episodic Rifting Dynamic Process and Quantitative Model of Mesozoic-Cenozoic Faulted Basin in Eastern China.Earth Science, 29(5):583-588(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-dqkx200405012.htm Liu, Q.H., Zhu, X.M., Li S.L., et al., 2016.Pre-Palaeogene Bedrock Distribution and Source-to-Sink System Analysis in the Shaleitian Uplift.Earth Science, 41(11):1935-1949(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DQKX201611009.htm Lv, L., Jiao, Y.Q., Wu, L.Q., et al., 2012.Reconstruction of Provenance-Sedimentary System of the First Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 30(4):629-638 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB201204002.htm Olivarius, M., Rasmussen, E.S., Siersma, V., et al., 2014.Provenance Signal Variations Caused by Facies and Tectonics:Zircon Age and Heavy Mineral Evidence from Miocene Sand in the North-Eastern North Sea Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 49:1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.09.010 Peng, W.X., Zhang, R.C., Fan, J.H., et al., 2011.Large Scale an Echelon Faults on the West Uplift in Bohai Gulf, China.Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 46(5):795-801 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYDQ201105023.htm Peng, W.X., Zhang, Z.Q., Jiang, L.Q., et al., 2012.Evolution of Strike-Slip Faults in the Shaleitian Bulge of the Western Bohai Offshore and Their Control on Hydrocarbons.Acta Petrolei Sinica, 33(2):204-212 (in Chinese with English abstract). Qi, J.F., 2004.Two Tectonic Systems in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin and Their Genetic Interpretation.Geology in China, 31(1):15-22(in Chinese with English abstract). Romans, B.W., Castelltort, S., Covault, J.A., et al., 2016.Environmental Signal Propagation in Sedimentary Systems across Timescales.Earth-Science Reviews, 153:7-29. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.07.012 Rossi, C., Kälin, O., Arribas, J., et al., 2002.Diagenesis, Provenance and Reservoir Quality of Triassic TAGI Sandstones from Ourhoud Feld, Berkine (Ghadames) Basin, Algeria.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 19:117-142. doi: 10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00004-1 Shi, W.L., Zhang, Z.Q., Peng, W.X., et al., 2013.Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the East Part of Shaleitian Sailent, Western Bohai Sea.Oil & Gas Geology, 34(2):242-247 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201302018.htm Sømme, T.O., Helland-Hansen, W., Martinsen, O.J., et al., 2009a.Relationships between Morphological and Sedimentological Parameters in Source-to-Sink Systems:A Basis for Predicting Semi-Quantitative Characteristics in Subsurface Systems.Basin Research, 21(4):361-387.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00397.x Sømme, T.O., Jackson, C.A.L., 2013.Source-to-Sink Analysis of Ancient Sedimentary Systems Using a Subsurface Case Study from the Møre-Trøndelag Area of Southern Norway:Part 2-Sediment Dispersal and Forcing Mechanisms.Basin Research, 25(5):512-531.doi: 10.1111/bre.12014 Sømme, T.O., Jackson, C.A.L., Vaksdal, M., 2013.Source-to-Sink Analysis of Ancient Sedimentary Systems Using a Subsurface Case Study from the Møre-Trøndelag Area of Southern Norway:Part 1-Depositional Setting and Fan Evolution.Basin Research, 25(5):489-511.doi: 10.1111/bre.12013 Sømme, T.O., Martinsen, O.J., Thurmond, J.B., 2009b.Reconstructing Morphological and Depositional Characteristics in Subsurface Sedimentary Systems:An Example from the Maastrichtian-Danian Ormen Lange System, Møre Basin, Norwegian Sea.AAPG Bulletin, 93:1347-1377.doi: 10.1306/06010909038 Song, G.Q., Hao, X.F., Liu, K.Q., 2014.Tectonic Evolution, Sedimentary System and Petroleum Distribution Patterns in Dustpan-Shaped Rift Basin:A Case Study from Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin.Oil & Gas Geology, 35(3):303-310 (in Chinese with English abstract). Tan, X.F., Tian, J.C., Bai, J.P., et al., 2010.Depositional Response and Filling Process of the Steep Slope Rift Belt in the Terrestrial Fault Basin:A Case Study of Paleogene in Dongying Terrestrial Fault Basin.Geology in China, 37(2):298-310 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201002005.htm Tang, X.H., 1993.Calcareous Nannofossil Paleoecology and Depositional Environment of Shahejie Formation in Bohaiwan Basin.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 13(1):41-45(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYDZ199301004.htm Walsh, J.P., Wiberg, P.L., Aalto, R., et al., 2016.Source-to-Sink Research:Economy of the Earth's Surface and Its Strata.Earth-Science Reviews, 153:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.11.010 Wandres, A.M., Bradshaw, J.D., Weaver, S., et al., 2004.Provenance Analysis Using Conglomerate Clast Lithologies:A Case Study from the Pahau Terrane of New Zealand.Sedimentary Geology, 167(1-2):57-89.doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.02.002 Xu, C.G., 2013.Controlling Sand Principle of Source-Sink Coupling in Time and Space in Continental Rift Basins:Basic Idea, Conceptual Systems and Controlling Sand Models.China Offshore Oil and Gas, 25(4):1-11, 21 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu, C.G., 2016.Strike-Slip Transfer Zone and Its Control on Formation of Medium and Large Sized Oilfields in Bohai Sea Area.Earth Science, 41(9):1548-1560 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201609010 Xu, C.G., Du, X.F., Xu, W., et al., 2017.New Advances of the "Source-to-Sink" System Research in Sedimentary Basin.Oil & Gas Geology, 38(1):1-11(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201701002.htm Xu, C.G., Lai, W.C., Xue, Y.A., et al., 2004.Palaeo-Geomorphology Analysis for the Paleogene Reservoir Prediction in Bohai Sea Area.Petroleum Exploration and Development, 31(5):53-56 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu, C.G., Yu, S., Lin, C.S., et al., 2008.Structural Styles of the Paleogene Lacustrine Basin Margin and Their Control on Sedimentary Sequences in Bohai Sea Area.Journal of Palaeogeography, 10(6):627-635 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zeng, H.L., Hentz, T.F., Wood, L.J., 2001.Stratal Slicing of Miocene-Pliocene Sediments in Vermilion Block 50-Tiger Shoal Area, Offshore Louisina.The Leading Edge, 20:408-418. doi: 10.1190/1.1438962 Zeng, H.L., Zhu, X.M., Zhu, R.K., et al., 2012.Guidelines for Seismic Sedimentologic Study in Non-Marine Postrift Basins.Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39(3):275-284 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1876380412600457 Zhang, Y.H., Liu, F.P., Jin, F.H., 2001.Pretertiary Stratigrapgy of Shaleitian and Miaoxi Uplifts.China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology), 15(6):381-387 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-zhsd200106002.htm Zhou, X.H., Yu, Y.X., Tang, L.J., et al., 2010.Cenozoic Offshore Basin Architecture and Division of Structural Elements in Bohai Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology), 22(5):285-289 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhu, H.T., Liu, Y.M., Wang, Y.L., et al., 2014.Volcanic Eruption Phases and 3-D Characterization of Volcanic Rocks in BZ34-9 Block of Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin.Earth Science, 39(9):1309-1316 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DQKX201409006.htm Zhu, H.T., Yang, X.H., Zhou, X.H., et al., 2011.High Resolution Three-Dimensional Facies Architecture Delineation Using Sequence Stratigraphy, Seismic Sedimentology:Example from DongYing Formation in BZ3-1 Block of Western Slope of Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin.Earth Science, 36(6):1073-1084 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201106013.htm Zhu, H.T., Yang, X.H., Zhou, X.H., et al., 2014.Three-Dimensional Facies Architecture Analysis Using Sequence Stratigraphy and Seismic Sedimentology:Example from the Paleogene Dongying Formation in the BZ3-1 Block of the Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 51:20-33.doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.11.014 Zhu, X.M., Zhang, S.P., Han, X.F., et al., 2013.On the Differences of Reservoir Quality of Shahejie Fm.in Steep Slope Zones of Jiyang Sag.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(6):1094-1104 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-CJXB201306017.htm 方世虎, 郭召杰, 吴朝东, 等, 2006. 准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系碎屑成分特征及其对构造属性、盆山格局的指示意义. 地质学报, 80(2): 196-209. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=dzxe200602005&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ 冯有良, 李思田, 2001.东营凹陷沙河街组三段层序低位域砂体沉积特征.地质论评, 47(3):278-286. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzlp200103010 冯有良, 徐秀生, 2006.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用——以渤海湾盆地古近系为例.石油勘探与开发, 33(1):22-25, 31. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_syktykf200601005.aspx 侯贵廷, 钱祥麟, 宋新民, 1998.渤海湾盆地形成机制研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版), 34(4):503-509. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf201603008 黄传炎, 王华, 肖敦清, 等, 2007.板桥凹陷断裂陡坡带沙一段层序样式和沉积体系特征及其成藏模式研究.沉积学报, 25(3):386-391. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjxb200703009 林畅松, 夏庆龙, 施和生, 等, 2015.地貌演化、源-汇过程与盆地分析.地学前缘, 22(1):9-20. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Thesis/D367359 林畅松, 张燕梅, 李思田, 等, 2004.中国东部中新生代断陷盆地幕式裂陷过程的动力学响应和模拟模型.地球科学, 29(5):583-588. http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=1490 刘强虎, 朱筱敏, 李顺利, 等, 2016.沙垒田凸起前古近系基岩分布及源-汇过程.地球科学, 41(11):1935-1949. http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3391 吕琳, 焦养泉, 吴立群, 等, 2012.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沙一段物源-沉积体系重建.沉积学报, 30(4):629-638. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=cjxb201204002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ 彭文绪, 张如才, 樊建华, 等, 2011.渤海海域西部凸起区大型雁列断层特征.石油地球物理勘探, 46(5):795-801. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydqwlkt201105023 彭文绪, 张志强, 姜利群, 等, 2012.渤海西部沙垒田凸起区走滑断层演化及其对油气的控制作用.石油学报, 33(2):204-212. doi: 10.7623/syxb201202004 漆家福, 2004.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释.中国地质, 31(1):15-22. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgdizhi200401002 石文龙, 张志强, 彭文绪, 等, 2013.渤海西部沙垒田凸起东段构造演化特征与油气成藏.石油与天然气地质, 34(2):242-247. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130216 宋国奇, 郝雪峰, 刘克奇, 2014.箕状断陷盆地形成机制、沉积体系与成藏规律——以济阳坳陷为例.石油与天然气地质, 35(3):303-310. doi: 10.11743/ogg201402 谭先锋, 田景春, 白建平, 等, 2010.陆相断陷湖盆陡坡断裂带沉积响应及充填过程——以东营断陷湖盆北部陡坡断裂带古近系为例.中国地质, 37(2):298-310. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgdizhi201002004 唐祥华, 1993.渤海湾盆地沙河街组钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质, 13(1):41-45. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=hydz199301004&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ 徐长贵, 2013.陆相断陷盆地源-汇时空耦合控砂原理:基本思想、概念体系及控砂模式.中国海上油气, 25(4):1-11, 21. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=zhsd201304002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ 徐长贵, 2016.渤海走滑转换带及其对大中型油气田形成的控制作用.地球科学, 41(9):1548-1560. http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3360 徐长贵, 赖维成, 薛永安, 等, 2004.古地貌分析在渤海古近系储集层预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发, 31(5):53-56. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf200405012 徐长贵, 杜晓峰, 徐伟, 等, 2017.沉积盆地"源-汇"系统研究新进展.石油与天然气地质, 38 (1):1-11. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170101 徐长贵, 于水, 林畅松, 等, 2008.渤海海域古近系湖盆边缘构造样式及其对沉积层序的控制作用.古地理学报, 10(6):627-635. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb200806008 曾洪流, 朱筱敏, 朱如凯, 等, 2012.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范.石油勘探与开发, 39(3):275-284. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf201203003 张云慧, 刘福平, 金芳红, 2001.沙垒田、庙西凸起前第三纪地层研究.中国海上油气(地质), 15(6):381-387. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zghsyq-dz200106003 周心怀, 于一欣, 汤良杰, 等, 2010.渤海海域新生代盆地结构与构造单元划分.中国海上油气(地质), 22(5):285-289. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zghsyq-gc201005001 朱红涛, 刘依梦, 王永利, 等, 2014.渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画及火山喷发期次.地球科学, 39(9):1309-1316. http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2944 朱红涛, 杨香华, 周心怀, 等, 2011.基于层序地层学和地震沉积学的高精度三维沉积体系——以渤中凹陷西斜坡BZ3-1区块东营组为例.地球科学, 36(6):1073-1084. http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2183 朱筱敏, 张守鹏, 韩雪芳, 等, 2013.济阳坳陷陡坡带沙河街组砂砾岩体储层质量差异性研究.沉积学报, 31(6):1094-1104. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjxb201306017