Diagenesis and Physical Property Evolution of Gravity Flow Tight Reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Southern Ordos Basin
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摘要: 成岩作用及物性演化的研究对致密砂岩储层和致密油开发具有重要意义.综合利用岩石铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X衍射分析、流体包裹体分析等测试手段，对研究区致密储层进行详细研究.研究表明：深水重力流砂体粒度细，孔喉组合以细孔-微喉型为主，物性差，是一套典型的特低渗透储层；目前正处于中成岩B期，其成岩演化序列为：机械压实作用/方解石胶结→凝灰物质水解蚀变/云母水化/伊利石胶结/绿泥石胶结/石英溶蚀→早期长石溶蚀/石英加大/碳酸盐灰泥重结晶/早期碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀→晚期长石溶蚀→铁方解石胶结，成岩环境主要经历了碱性→酸性→弱碱性的转换过程；距今约99~118 Ma的早白垩世，研究区储层发生了连续的2期油气充注；储层物性演化史表明早成岩期储层的成岩作用对储层物性影响大，使储层已经致密化，研究区具有先致密后成藏的特性.Abstract: The research of diagenesis and physical property evolution is important to tight sandstone reservoir and tight oil exploitation. The tight reservoir was detailedly studied in the study area by the analysis of cast thin section, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and homogenization temperature analysis of fluid inclusion in this study. The results show that deep-water sand body is a typical ultra-low porosity and permeability reservoir, which has fine granularity, poor reservoir physical properties, with thin pore-micro throat dominated pore-throat combination. The reservoir in the B sub-stage of mesogenetic diagenesis has experienced the following complex diagenesis evolution sequence: compaction/calcite cementation→tuffaceous hydrolyze alteration/mica hydration/illite cementation/chlorite cementation/quartz dissolution→early feldspar dissolution/quartz overgrowth/carbonate plaster recrystallization/early carbonate-cement dissolution→late feldspar dissolution→ferroan calcite cementation. The diagenetic environment underwent an evolution of alkalescence→acid→alkalescence. The test data of fluid inclusions show that Early Cretaceous (99-118 Ma) is the main hydrocarbon accumulation period with two hydrocarbon injections. The reservoir physical properties evolution show that early diagenesis had great influence on the reservoir, and it is inferred that the sandstone had already been compacted very tight before the hydrocarbon accumulation period.
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图 1 研究构造位置及延长组地层综合柱状图
据周翔等(2016)修改
Fig. 1. The tectonic location of study area and comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of Yanchang Formation
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组长62亚段沉积相平面展布图及旬42井岩心柱状图
Fig. 2. Planar distribution of sedimentary facies during the Chang 62 period and core columnar section of Xun42 well in southern Ordos basin
图 3 研究区长6、长7油层组深水重力流砂岩岩石组分三角图
Fig. 3. Detrital composition of deep-water gravity flow sandstone of Chang 6, Chang 7 oil layers in study area
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水重力流致密储层物性分布特征
a.重力流不同类型砂体孔渗频率分布直方图；b.物性与埋深关系
Fig. 4. Reservoir properties of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos basin
图 5 研究区深水重力流致密储层毛管压力曲线特征
Fig. 5. Characteristics of capillary pressure curve of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir in study area
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水重力流致密储层孔隙类型特征
a.残余原生粒间孔，旬42井，853.5 m，长6，×50，单偏光；b.粒间溶孔，旬42井，854.5 m，长6，×50，单偏光；c.长石粒内溶孔，旬40井，1 071.5 m，长7，×50，单偏光；d.粒内溶蚀，旬40井，1 061.8 m，长6，×5.0 k，5.0 kV；e.杂基微孔，旬42井，799.7 m，长6，×100，单偏光；f.伊利石晶间孔，旬41井，1 060.3 m，长7，×3.5 k，5.0 kV；g.成岩缝，旬40井，1 064.5 m，长7，×200，单偏光；h.超压缝，旬41井，1 009.1 m，长6，×50，单偏光；i.构造张裂缝，旬40井，1 071.5 m，长7，×50，单偏光
Fig. 6. Characteristics of pore types of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Southern Ordos basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水重力流致密储层典型成岩作用
a.白云母受到压实作用，被压弯变形，旬52井，1 159.6 m，长7，×50，正交光；b.长石垂直于解理被压裂，旬41井，1 106.4 m，长7，×50，正交光；c.颗粒之间凹凸接触，旬52井，1 157.6 m，长7，×50，正交光；d.石英次生加大，旬40井，1 071.4 m，长7，×50，单偏光；e.孔隙中充填自生石英，旬41井，1 060.3 m，长7，×2.5 k，5.0 kV；f.颗粒间的方解石胶结，旬41井，1 061.5 m，长7，×4.5 k，5.0 kV；g.铁方解石胶结，旬40井，1 061.4 m，长6，×50，单偏光；h.高岭石向伊利石转化，旬40井，864.6 m，长6，×3.0 k，5.0 kV；i.长石颗粒溶孔充填油质沥青，发较强的黄绿荧光，部分粒间孔隙充填油质沥青发橙黄-黄色荧光，强度中等，旬37井，1 073.8 m，长7；j.长石沿解理缝被溶蚀，旬41井，1 009.1 m，长6，×50，单偏光；k.碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀，旬41井，1 066.3 m，长7，×50，单偏光；l.石英颗粒边缘溶蚀，旬42井，853.5 m，长6，×50，单偏光；m.伊利石交代石英形成的边缘溶蚀孔及颗粒内部孔隙，旬41井，1 009.1 m，长6，×3.0 k，5.0 kV；n.铁方解石交代长石，旬55井，964.6 m，长6，×50，单偏光；o.碳酸盐灰泥重结晶作用，旬55井，964.5 m，长6，×50，正交光；p.碳酸盐灰泥重结晶作用，旬55井，964.7 m，长6，×50，正交光
Fig. 8. Typical diagenesis of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos basin
图 7 研究区深水重力流致密储层碳酸盐胶结强度模式
Fig. 7. The carbonate cementation strength model of deep-water tight gravity flow reservoir in study area
图 9 研究区流体包裹体均一温度分布直方图
Fig. 9. The uniform temperature distribution histogram of fluid inclusions in study area
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水重力流致密储层成岩演化序列及成藏史
Fig. 10. Reservoir diagenesis sequence and hydrocarbon accumulation history of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos basin
图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水重力流致密储层地质历史时期储层物性演化
Fig. 11. Reservoir properties evolution history of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos basin
表 1 研究区长6、长7油层组深水重力流砂岩碎屑岩组分含量
Table 1. Statistics of clastic constituents of deep-water gravity flow sandstone of Chang 6, Chang 7 oil layers in study area
层位 石英(%) 长石(%) 岩屑(%) 样品数(个) 变质岩 岩浆岩 沉积岩 其他 小计 长6 37.6 25.4 9.7 6.0 2.4 4.0 22.1 49 长7 35.3 24.8 10.5 8.7 1.6 3.5 24.3 60 
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表 2 研究区长6、长7油层组深水重力流砂岩储集层填隙物含量
Table 2. Statistics of interpore filings of deep-water gravity flow sandstone of Chang 6, Chang 7 oil layers in study area
层位 填隙物(%) 样品数(个) 高岭石 水云母 铁方解石 方解石 铁白云石 白云石 硅质 浊沸石 小计 长6 2.2 1.6 1.72 0.92 0.96 0.67 1.5 1 10.57 49 长7 1.5 2.2 1.81 1.11 0.87 0.74 2.0 1 11.23 60
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表 3 研究区深水重力流致密储层毛管压力参数
Table 3. Statistics of capillary pressure parameters of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir in study area
主要参数 取值范围 平均值 分选系数 2.14~2.71 2.41 变异系数 0.15~0.22 0.19 排驱压力(MPa) 0.04~2.54 0.85 饱和度中值压力(MPa) 1.93~23.85 3.56 最大连通喉道(μm) 0.29~2.87 0.84 中值连通喉道(μm) 0.14~0.46 0.35
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表 4 研究区深水重力流致密储层碳酸盐胶结物含量
Table 4. Statistics of carbonate cements of deep-water gravity flow tight reservoir in study area
层位 方解石(%) 铁方解石(%) 白云石(%) 铁白云石(%) 菱铁矿(%) 碳酸盐胶结物总量(%) 长6 0.921 1.721 0.665 0.964 0 4.27 长7 1.116 1.811 0.741 0.867 0 4.43 平均值 1.018 1.766 0.703 0.865 0 4.40
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表 5 研究区长6、长7油层组中泥页岩黏土矿物相对含量
Table 5. Relative content of shale clay minerals of Chang 6, Chang 7 oil layers in study area
黏土矿物相对含量(%) 样品数
(个)伊利石 绿泥石 高岭石 伊蒙混层 伊/蒙间层比(%.S) 38.5 6.5 5.1 49.9 20 30
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表 6 研究区深水重力流砂体黏土矿物相对含量
Table 6. Relative content of clay minerals of deep-water gravity flow sandstone in study area
层段 黏土矿物相对含量(%) 样品数
(个)伊利石 绿泥石 高岭石 伊蒙混层 伊/蒙间层比(%.S) 长6 36.14 18.28 21.28 24.30 20 15 长7 39.83 16.83 15.36 27.98 20 17
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