Discovery and Petroleum Geologic Significance of Cenozoic Hydrocarbon Inclusions in Liupanshan Basin, North China
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摘要: 在六盘山盆地新生界清水营组石膏中发现了大量的油气包裹体，而油气包裹体的研究对认识盆地新生界油气成藏条件，拓展盆地油气勘探思路具有重要的意义.通过野外地质调查、样品采集和分析测试等手段对清水营组石膏中油气包裹体的发育特征和组成特征进行研究，并开展油源对比，分析油气包裹体中油气的来源和形成过程，探讨了六盘山盆地新生界油气成藏条件和运聚特征.结果表明：清水营组结晶状石膏中油气包裹体中原油来源于清水营组烃源岩；纤维状石膏脉中油气包裹体原油来源于白垩系马东山组烃源岩.六盘山盆地清水营组泥岩具有生烃潜力，是盆地潜在的烃源岩；白垩系烃源岩生成的油气可以沿着断裂等输导体系向上覆地层运移，并在新生界聚集，沟通白垩系烃源岩断层附近的新生界圈闭是六盘山盆地有利的油气聚集区.Abstract: A large quantity of hydrocarbon inclusions were found in the gypsum of Cenozoic Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin, which is of a crucial significance to the understanding of the oil and gas reservoir-forming conditions and the development of exploration concept. Development and composition features of hydrocarbon inclusions in gypsum of Qingshuiying Formation were studied by field geological investigation, sample collection and laboratory analysis, etc. Sources and formation of the oil and gas were analyzed by oil-source correlation, and then the conditions and characteristics of petroleum accumulation in Cenozoic of Liupanshan basin were studied. The results show that the oil in the crystal gypsum was derived from the hydrocarbon source rock of Qingshuiying Formation, while the oil in the filament gypsum was derived from the hydrocarbon source rock of Cretaceous Madongshan Formation. The hydrocarbon source rock of Qingshuiying Formation has certain hydrocarbon generating potential, which is the potential source rock in Liupanshan basin. The oil and gas was derived from the Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rock, which can migrate to the upper formation along the fault, and accumulate in Cenozoic. The reservoir traps near the faults connected to the Cretaceous source rock are the favorable oil accumulation zones in Cenozoic.
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图 1 六盘山盆地构造位置（a）与地层发育特征（b）
据殷占华和薛萍（2000）修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic setting(a) and stratigraphical features(b)of Liupanshan basin
图 2 六盘山盆地马东山组和清水营组野外露头及岩性特征
a.清水营组结晶状石膏；b.清水营组纤维状石膏脉；c.清水营组灰绿色薄层状泥岩；d.马东山组灰色泥质灰岩和灰黑色灰质泥岩的互层；e.马东山组灰黑色灰质泥岩
Fig. 2. Sections and lithology of Madongshan Formation and Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
图 3 六盘山盆地清水营组石膏中油气包裹体特征
a1、b1.结晶状石膏，透射光，呈无色透明和褐色的油气包裹体；a2、b2.结晶状石膏，荧光，呈淡蓝色的油气包裹体；c1、d1.纤维状石膏脉，透射光，呈无色透明和褐色的油气包裹体；c2、d2.纤维状石膏脉，荧光，呈淡蓝色的油气包裹体
Fig. 3. Characteristic of the hydrocarbon inclusions of Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
图 4 六盘山盆地清水营组石膏中油气包裹体的激光拉曼光谱图
Fig. 4. Raman spectrum of the hydrocarbon inclusions in gypsum of Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
图 5 六盘山盆地清水营组石膏中油气包裹体生标化合物质量色谱图
Fig. 5. Mass chromatogram of biomarkers of the hydrocarbon inclusions in gypsum of Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
图 6 六盘山盆地清水营组石膏中油气包裹体色质谱分析总离子流图
Fig. 6. TICs of hydrocarbon inclusions in gypsum of Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
图 8 六盘山盆地清水营组石膏中油气包裹体形成过程示意
Fig. 8. Forming process of petroleum inclusions in gypsum of Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
表 1 生物标志化合物参数统计表
Table 1. Biomarker parameters
样品 正构烷烃 类异戊二烯烷烃 藿烷 甾烷 A B C D E F G H I J HP40-1 结晶状石膏油包裹体 0.84 0.84 1.08 0.43 0.26 0.30 0.45 0.31 0.23 0.33 HP42-1 纤维状石膏油包裹体 1.26 0.45 0.53 1.20 0.14 0.44 0.25 0.31 0.45 0.43 H003 清水营组烃源岩 1.91 0.76 0.88 0.27 0.24 0.37 0.51 0.16 0.33 0.33 H014 清水营组烃源岩 1.75 0.75 0.94 0.27 0.26 0.40 0.60 0.16 0.24 0.33 H020 清水营组烃源岩 1.71 0.75 0.90 0.30 0.27 0.41 0.51 0.18 0.31 0.37 P015 马东山组烃源岩 1.24 0.41 0.56 1.25 0.16 0.87 0.32 0.26 0.42 0.52 P020 马东山组烃源岩 1.15 0.49 0.48 0.85 0.14 0.82 0.35 0.26 0.39 0.59 P030 马东山组烃源岩 1.14 0.48 0.42 0.92 0.15 0.82 0.36 0.27 0.37 0.50 注：A为OEP；B为Pr/Ph；C为Pr/C17；D为Ph/C18；E为伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷；F为Ts/(Ts+Tm)；G为C27/(C27+C28+C29)-ααR；H为C28/(C27+C28+C29) -ααR；I为C28/(C27+C28+C29) -ααR；J为甾烷C29-αββ/(αββ+ααα). 
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表 2 六盘山盆地清水营组石膏中油气包裹体生标化合物热成熟度参数
Table 2. Maturity parameters of biomarkers from the fluid inclusions in gypsum of Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
样品 岩性 正构烷烃参数 藿烷参数 甾烷参数 成熟度综合判识 OEP Ts/(Ts+Tm) C29ββ/(ββ+αα) HP40-1 结晶状石膏 0.84 0.30 0.33 未熟‒低熟 HP42-1 纤维状石膏脉 1.26 0.44 0.43 低熟‒成熟
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表 3 六盘山盆地马东山组和清水营组烃源岩有机地化参数
Table 3. Organic geochemical parameters of source rocks of Madongshan Formation and Qingshuiying Formation in Liupanshan basin
样品编号 岩性 地层 TOC（%） S1+S2（mg/g） Tmax（℃） 氯仿沥青“A”（%） Ro (%) P015 深灰色灰质泥岩 马东山组 2.72 13.37 467.7 0.60 1.24 P020 深灰色灰质泥岩 马东山组 1.92 11.73 461.8 0.63 1.11 P030 深灰色灰质泥岩 马东山组 0.13 0.06 460.5 0.06 1.02 H003 灰绿色灰质泥岩 清水营组 0.22 0.08 446.8 0.05 0.66 H014 灰绿色灰质泥岩 清水营组 0.35 0.53 445.2 0.11 0.60 H020 灰绿色灰质泥岩 清水营组 0.41 0.32 432.2 0.08 0.55
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