南海北部中央峡谷水道的岩相-地球化学特征及其源区性质

尤丽; 钟佳; 张迎朝; 李才; 吴仕玖; 代龙; 蔡玉蔓

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.588

南海北部中央峡谷水道的岩相-地球化学特征及其源区性质

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.588

尤丽^1,2,,
钟佳²,
张迎朝²,
李才²,
吴仕玖²,
代龙²,
蔡玉蔓³

1.
吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130061
2.
中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司, 广东湛江 524057
3.
江苏省地质调查研究院, 江苏南京 210018

基金项目:

国家"十三五"重大专项 2016ZX05026-002

中海石油（中国）有限公司湛江分公司项目 ZYKY-2016-ZJ-02

详细信息

作者简介:
尤丽(1983-), 女, 高级工程师, 博士研究生, 主要从事沉积学与储层地质学研究

中图分类号: P595
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-09-26
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-15

Petrography-Geochemistry and Source Significance of Western Canyon Channel of Northern South China Sea

1.
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
2.
The Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Zhanjiang 524057, China
3.
The Geological Survey Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China

摘要

摘要: 峡谷水道是南海北部琼东南盆地深水区主要储集层，乐东-陵水凹陷黄流组储集岩以粉、细砂岩为主，储层物性好.然而目前针对不同期水道主要物源供给及水道形成的母岩区性质、古风化程度等研究甚少.对中央峡谷西段水道的砂泥岩进行了岩石薄片与重矿物成分观察统计、岩石主量、微量/稀土元素分析，结果表明：岩石类型以岩屑石英砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主，崖城、陵水区重矿物分别为磁铁矿、白钛矿、锆石、电气石与白钛矿、石榴石、电气石、锆石的组合；地球化学特征表现为泥岩较砂岩SiO₂含量低，Fe₂O₃、MgO、K₂O、稀土含量偏高，与其含有高粘土矿物有关.砂、泥岩Al₂O₃/TiO₂、K₂O/Al₂O₃、K₂O/Na₂O比值说明物源区富石英、贫钾长石，分别为石英质沉积与中性火成岩源区；砂岩较泥岩具有较高SiO₂/Al₂O₃比值、低ICV、CIA、CIW值，表明源区经历了低-中等程度的风化作用，是稳定构造环境再循环沉积而成，泥岩的形成环境较砂岩动荡.
- 峡谷水道 /
- 岩相 /
- 地球化学 /
- 源区性质 /
- 黄流组 /
- 深水区 /
- 琼东南盆地
Abstract: Canyon channel is the main reservoir of the deepwater area in Qiongdongnan basin in the northern South China Sea. Reservoir stones have good physical properties since they are dominated by powder and fine sandstones. However, there are few studies on the main provenance supply, nature of the parent rock area in different periods of channel formation, and paleo-weathering degree. In this study, it is found that the rock types are mainly debris-quartz sandstone and feldspar-debris sandstone.The heavy mineral assemblages show that they are dominated by magnetite, ilmenite, zircon and tourmaline in Yacheng area, whereas they are dominated by ilmenite, garnet, tourmaline and zircon in Lingshui area. Geochemical characteristics of mudstone show significantly lower SiO₂ content, but higher Fe₂O₃, MgO, K₂O and the total amount of rare earth contents relating to high clay minerals than sandstone. Al₂O₃/TiO₂, K₂O/Al₂O₃ and K₂O/Na₂O ratios in mudstone and sandstone indicate that the source area is enriched in quartz and depleted in potassium feldspar, and is of quartz sediment source, and neutral igneous rock source respectively. The sandstone is characterized with higher SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio, lower ICV, CIA and CIW values compared to mudstone, indicating that the source regions have experienced low to moderate weathering, and they are the deposition of recirculation in the stable tectonic environment, whereas the formation environment of mudstone is more active.
- canyon channel /
- petrography /
- geochemistry /
- source significance /
- Huangliu Formation /
- deepwater area /
- Qiongdongnan basin

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图 1 研究区位置与井位分布

Fig. 1. The location of study area and wells distribution

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图 2 黄流组峡谷水道砂岩岩石类型

Fig. 2. Sandstone composition classification of Huangliu Formation canyon channel

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图 3 黄流组峡谷水道储集岩岩石类型显微照片

a.Z-1，3 768 m，细粒岩屑石英砂岩，壁心(+)；b.X-8，3 435.1 m，细粒长石岩屑石英砂岩，壁心(+)；c.A-1，4 389 m，细粒石英砂岩，壁心(+)；d.B-2，4 734.9 m，细-中长石岩屑石英砂岩，岩心(+).Qm.单晶石英，Qp.多晶石英，Kf.钾长石，Pl.斜长石，Ms.云母，MR.变质岩岩屑，VR.岩浆岩岩屑

Fig. 3. Micrograph of rock types from Huangliu Formation canyon channel

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图 4 黄流组水道储层重矿物组合(a)与母岩类型分布(b)

Fig. 4. The heavy mineral combination (a) and the distribution of parent rock type (b) of Huangliu Formation canyon channel

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图 5 黄流组峡谷水道砂岩的lg(SiO₂/Al₂O₃)-lg(Fe₂O₃/K₂O)图解

图中A、B、C、D、E、F、G分别代表亚岩屑砂岩、亚长石砂岩、岩屑砂岩、长石砂岩、杂砂岩、页岩、铁页岩；据Herron(1988)

Fig. 5. Chemical classification of Huangliu Formation canyon channel

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图 6 黄流组峡谷水道稀土元素分布

a.砂岩球粒陨石标准化分布模式；b.泥岩球粒陨石标准化分布模式；c.砂岩(La/Yb)_N与δEu关系；d.泥岩(La/Yb)_N与δEu关系

Fig. 6. REE pattern of of Huangliu Formation canyon channel

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图 7 黄流组峡谷水道沉积母岩性质判别图解

图a据Saminpanya et al.(2014)；图b据Roser and Korsch(1988)；图c据Hayashi et al.(1997)

Fig. 7. Discrimination diagrams for provenance of Huangliu Formation canyon channel

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表 1 黄流组峡谷水道砂、泥岩样品信息

Table 1. Data of samples from sandstone and mudstone from Huangliu Formation canyon channel

岩性井号	泥岩								岩屑石英砂岩							钙质砂岩
岩性井号	A-1		Z-1		X-7	X-8	X-4	X-1	A-1	Z-1		X-8	X-4	X-1		X-7
样品深度(m)样品类型	MS1	MS2	MS3	MS4	MS5	MS6	MS7	MS8	SS1	SS2	SS3	SS4	SS5	SS6	SS7	SS8
	4 254	4 353	3 750	3 962.5	3 467.8	3 398	3 234.85	3 344.9	4 273	3 833	3 890.5	3 436.8	3 258.2	3 344.2	3 345.41	3 489.4
	壁心							岩心	壁心					岩心		壁心

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表 2 黄流组峡谷水道砂、泥岩样品主量元素(%)、微量元素(10^-6)、稀土元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 2. Results of major elements (%), trace elements (10^-6) and rare earth elements (10^-6) from sandstone and mudstone from Huangliu Formation canyon channel

样品	MS1	MS2	MS3	MS4	MS5	MS6	MS7	MS8	SS1	SS2	SS3	SS4	SS5	SS6	SS7	SS8
TiO₂	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Al₂O₃	16.8	17.0	15.9	14.7	15.7	16.4	13.1	14.7	7.5	6.6	7.6	6.7	7.3	7.5	7.4	5.5
Fe₂O₃	6.2	6.6	6.9	6.1	6.2	6.4	5.2	6.7	4.2	5.9	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.1	4.2	3.7
MnO	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.8
MgO	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.0	2.6	1.3	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1
CaO	6.5	6.6	3.5	6.6	9.9	5.2	14.7	6.3	1.6	2.5	4.9	2.5	3.1	2.3	2.3	15.6
Na₂O	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.7	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.5	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.2	0.8
K₂O	3.7	4.1	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	2.7	3.0	1.4	2.2	1.7	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.7
SiO₂	47.7	46.4	50.7	50.5	45.6	49.2	45.5	49.4	71.8	70.2	68.2	71.1	69.9	70.7	71.0	60.5
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	2.8	2.7	3.2	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.5	3.4	9.6	10.6	8.9	10.6	9.6	9.4	9.6	11.8
Al₂O₃/TiO₂	24.0	24.3	19.9	21.0	22.4	23.4	21.8	18.4	15.0	16.5	15.2	16.8	18.3	18.8	18.5	18.3
K₂O/Na₂O	3.7	4.1	2.8	4.3	2.9	2.5	2.5	2.1	0.9	2.4	2.1	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.8	2.1
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
CIA	60.0	59.2	66.5	58.6	52.6	62.5	41.6	58.0	62.4	54.1	50.7	54.0	53.2	56.4	56.6	23.1
CIW	69.2	69.0	77.0	66.5	58.8	71.5	45.5	65.6	71.0	66.1	57.2	63.9	63.4	67.5	67.9	24.9
ICV	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.2	2.0	1.4	1.4	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.6	4.4
Sc	16.8	17.4	16.6	14.6	16.5	17	12.8	14	6.46	5.15	6.48	5.53	5.31	4.12	5.99	4.51
V	122	130	132	123	124	140	105	123	58	54.5	60	54.1	53	57.2	57	42.2
Cr	169	273	288	284	116	226	128	113	284	1840	1441	388	933	261	387	451
Co	15.2	16.3	16.9	14.7	13.2	14.6	12.4	14.2	9.81	17.5	12.8	9.35	11.8	9.48	9.9	8.98
Ni	66	99.4	90.6	99.4	48.8	72.8	42	41.1	72.5	648	448	62.7	272	63.5	101	217
Cu	55.4	110	115	171	108	66.4	148	157	151	357	128	330	63.4	72.6	60.6	175
Zn	132	158	160	193	164	126	173	186	317	153	114	467	79.6	98.4	86.6	138
Sr	280	296	176	298	322	237	452	273	645	91.8	132	760	134	131	130	463
Y	20.3	23.2	24.3	22.8	28.7	25.8	24.5	24.2	13.4	17.9	17.9	16.3	17.4	17.2	18	20.2
Zr	225	238	303	264	280	296	242	285	137	140	232	143	157	164	173	90.4
Nb	13.8	15.7	16.5	12.4	15.6	15.9	10.9	17.7	9.17	1.84	8.44	8.81	5.26	7.94	8.72	4.87
Ba	1573	569	437	589	523	1094	682	441	5315	274	330	5477	328	1059	780	520
Th	15.7	15.9	16.4	14.9	15.7	16.7	13.3	15.1	11.3	12	12.3	9.73	10.3	10.3	14.2	8.68
U	2.36	2.66	2.88	2.65	2.46	2.64	2.27	2.49	2.1	1.56	1.9	1.68	1.38	1.54	1.58	1
Pb	52	96.7	31.4	25.6	23.8	31.1	24.4	22	623	24.2	68.2	551	17.8	33.2	30.9	18.4
Th/U	6.65	5.98	5.69	5.62	6.38	6.33	5.86	6.06	5.38	7.69	6.47	5.79	7.46	6.69	8.99	8.68
Th/Sc	0.93	0.91	0.99	1.02	0.95	0.98	1.04	1.08	1.75	2.33	1.90	1.76	1.94	2.50	2.37	1.92
La	38.8	40.7	43.4	39	45	44.6	37.9	39.4	31.6	32.3	35.4	27.3	30.2	36.6	36.2	25.7
Ce	70.7	78	84.2	71	81	86	67.7	75	63.1	63.5	67.5	59.2	57.6	77	68.7	47.4
Pr	8.8	9.28	10.1	8.59	10.1	9.88	8.46	8.87	7.42	7.5	8.04	6.46	6.97	8.61	8.22	5.68
Nd	33.6	35.6	39.1	33.2	39.4	37.8	33	34.6	29.3	30	31.5	26	28	33.9	32.6	22.3
Sm	6.18	6.59	7.38	6.11	7.23	7.04	6.12	6.4	5.49	5.82	5.84	5.16	5.43	6.13	6.17	4.29
Eu	1.41	1.31	1.43	1.22	1.48	1.48	1.26	1.24	1.82	1.02	0.99	1.9	1.03	1.28	1.14	0.84
Gd	4.99	5.25	6.05	4.96	5.91	5.64	4.41	4.86	4.71	4.68	4.44	4.73	4.4	4.93	4.92	3.45
Tb	0.77	0.86	0.95	0.8	0.97	0.9	0.79	0.82	0.62	0.72	0.68	0.65	0.7	0.73	0.74	0.6
Dy	4.08	4.61	5.05	4.37	5.31	4.97	4.36	4.51	3.05	3.71	3.49	3.35	3.63	3.66	3.81	3.29
Ho	0.77	0.87	0.94	0.84	1.02	0.95	0.83	0.87	0.53	0.66	0.65	0.61	0.66	0.66	0.68	0.65
Er	2.12	2.38	2.63	2.34	2.88	2.69	2.42	2.52	1.42	1.75	1.78	1.63	1.76	1.75	1.82	1.79
Tm	0.4	0.44	0.5	0.44	0.53	0.5	0.45	0.48	0.27	0.31	0.33	0.31	0.31	0.32	0.32	0.32
Yb	2.33	2.61	2.95	2.63	3.02	2.93	2.52	2.77	1.66	1.7	1.9	1.87	1.72	1.82	1.87	1.77
Lu	0.36	0.37	0.43	0.4	0.46	0.44	0.39	0.41	0.33	0.25	0.28	0.35	0.26	0.28	0.28	0.26
∑REE	175.3	188.9	205.1	175.9	204.3	205.8	170.6	182.8	151.3	153.9	162.8	139.5	142.7	177.7	167.5	118.3
LREE/HREE	10.1	9.9	9.5	9.5	9.2	9.8	9.6	9.6	11.0	10.2	11.0	9.3	9.6	11.6	10.6	8.8

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