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    西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩变质作用:副片麻岩岩石学、相平衡模拟及其地质意义

    毛小红 张建新 于胜尧 李云帅 喻星星 路增龙 周桂生

    毛小红, 张建新, 于胜尧, 李云帅, 喻星星, 路增龙, 周桂生, 2018. 西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩变质作用:副片麻岩岩石学、相平衡模拟及其地质意义. 地球科学, 43(1): 278-295. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.017
    引用本文: 毛小红, 张建新, 于胜尧, 李云帅, 喻星星, 路增龙, 周桂生, 2018. 西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩变质作用:副片麻岩岩石学、相平衡模拟及其地质意义. 地球科学, 43(1): 278-295. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.017
    Mao Xiaohong, Zhang Jianxin, Yu Shengyao, Li Yunshuai, Yu Xingxing, Lu Zenglong, Zhou Guisheng, 2018. Metamorphism of Qinling Complex in Northern West Qinling Orogen: Petrology, Phase Equilibria Modelling of Paragneiss and Their Geological Implication. Earth Science, 43(1): 278-295. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.017
    Citation: Mao Xiaohong, Zhang Jianxin, Yu Shengyao, Li Yunshuai, Yu Xingxing, Lu Zenglong, Zhou Guisheng, 2018. Metamorphism of Qinling Complex in Northern West Qinling Orogen: Petrology, Phase Equilibria Modelling of Paragneiss and Their Geological Implication. Earth Science, 43(1): 278-295. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.017

    西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩变质作用:副片麻岩岩石学、相平衡模拟及其地质意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.017
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41630207

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160022

    国家自然科学基金项目 41572180

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      毛小红(1983-), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事构造地质学方面的研究

      通讯作者:

      张建新

    • 中图分类号: P581

    Metamorphism of Qinling Complex in Northern West Qinling Orogen: Petrology, Phase Equilibria Modelling of Paragneiss and Their Geological Implication

    • 摘要: 造山带中的高级变质岩是研究造山带形成和演化历史的重要窗口.西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩主要由正片麻岩、副片麻岩、少量变基性岩(基性麻粒岩)和大理岩组成.岩相学、矿物化学和相平衡模拟结果表明副片麻岩经历了3个变质演化阶段:(1)进变质阶段,以石榴子石核部包裹细粒片状黑云母和大小不等的石英为代表;(2)峰期变质阶段,矿物组合为石榴子石+斜长石+钾长石+夕线石+黑云母+金红石+石英.石榴子石变斑晶幔部成分在视剖面图上确定出峰期温压条件为T=793~803 ℃,P=8.8~9.5 kbar;(3)降温降压的退变质阶段,主要由石榴子石的最边部及后期斜长石记录.结合已有研究资料,表明西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩可能经历了早古生代晚期与碰撞造山作用有关的变质作用与深熔作用.

       

    • 图  1  秦岭造山带大地构造位置简图(a), 秦岭造山带构造简图(b), 西秦岭造山带北部地质廊带图(c)

      图b修改自Dong et al.(2011);1.北祁连造山带;2.华北板块南缘;3.宽坪群;4.二郎坪群;5.秦岭杂岩;6.商丹缝合带;7.前寒武纪-古生代盖层;8.上古生界-三叠纪碎屑沉积物;9.勉略缝合带;10.大别地块;11.东西秦岭界限;12.研究区.图c修改自1:50万秦岭及邻区地质图,西安地质调查中心,2014.侵入体年龄数据裴先治等(2007a, 2012)、Zhang et al.(2006)王婧等(2008);中国地图据1:1亿中华人民共和国地图(审图号:GS(2016)1552号,国家测绘地理信息局监制)修改

      Fig.  1.  The location of the Qinling orogenic belt in the geological sketch of China (a), simplified tectonic map of the Qinling orogenic belt showing the location of the study area (b), and corridor-like geological sketch of the northern part of the West Qinling orogenic belt (c)

      图  2  西秦岭天水地区秦岭杂岩花庙地质剖面

      Fig.  2.  Geological section of the Qinling complex near Huamiao village in Tianshui area, West Qinling

      图  3  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)矿物组合和结构构造显微照片

      a.基质中的黑云母、夕线石和云母定向排列, 石英、长石和石榴子石变斑晶被拉长, 且石榴子石边部呈港湾状, 与后期发育的黑云母组成压力影结构, 单偏光;b.石榴子石核部包裹细粒黑云母和石英, 石榴子石幔部及边部包裹细粒夕线石(照片左下角), 单偏光;c.石榴子石核部包裹细小矿物(主要为黑云母和石英), 边部包裹细粒夕线石, 单偏光;d.石榴子石边部呈港湾状, 其周围可见细小夕线石、黑云母、钾长石、斜长石及石英发育, 单偏光;e.港湾状石榴子石周围可见黑云母、钛铁矿, 单偏光;f.金红石边部发育细小钛铁矿, 指示金红石向钛铁矿的转换, 尖锐的钾长石薄膜出现在斜长石和石英之间, 指示早期熔体的存在, 背散射图像;g.石榴子石边部的晚期黑云母中包裹部分峰期矿物, 背散射图像;h.基质中可见钛铁矿和金红石, 且金红石边部转化为钛铁矿, 背散射图像

      Fig.  3.  Images of mineral assemblage and microstructures of sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss)

      图  4  石榴子石变斑晶EBSD图像(a)及其Fe、Mg、Ca、Mn成分剖面图(b)

      Fig.  4.  EBSD image (a) and compositional profile (b) of garnet porphyroblast from sample AQ14-18-9.6

      图  5  副片麻岩中石榴子石的X-ray成分图

      图中线段代表图 4b中的剖面位置

      Fig.  5.  X-ray maps of garnet from sample AQ14-18-9.6

      图  6  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中黑云母成分图解

      a.XMg-Ti图解;b.Fe-Mg图解

      Fig.  6.  Chemical composition of biotite from sample (AQ14-18-9.6)

      图  7  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中斜长石的An-Ab-Or图解

      Fig.  7.  Ternary plot of An-Ab-Or for plagioclase from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss)

      图  8  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)相平衡计算

      T-MH2O图(8 kbar), 黑色实线代表所限定的H2O含量, 红色虚线为固相线, 剖面图绘制了石榴子石X(g)(如gm24)、Z(g)(如gc2.4)和斜长石An值(如an29)等值线

      Fig.  8.  Calculated pseudosection for sample AQ14-18-9.6

      图  9  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)样品NCKFMASHTO体系下的P-T视剖面图及其P-T轨迹

      图中蓝色虚线代表夕线石-蓝晶石相变线,红色虚线为固相线;剖面图绘制了石榴子石X(g)(如gm24)、Z(g)(如gc2.4)和斜长石An值(如an29)等值线;红色填充区为确定的峰期温压范围,黑色粗虚线代表P-T轨迹

      Fig.  9.  P-T pseudosection and P-T path for sample AQ14-18-9.6 in the NCKFMASHTO system

      图  10  计算样品AQ14-18-9.6内主要矿物的摩尔百分含量等值线

      图中的红色虚线代表固相线,蓝色虚线代表蓝晶石-夕线石相变线;红色填充区为确定的峰期温压范围,黑色粗虚线代表P-T轨迹

      Fig.  10.  Calculated contours in mole percentage for main minerals in sample AQ14-18-9.6

      表  1  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中石榴子石的化学成分(%)

      Table  1.   Chemical composition of garnet from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

      点位 Grt-r Grt-r Grt-r Grt-r Grt-r Grt-c Grt-c Grt-c Grt-c Grt-c Grt-c
      SiO2 37.96 38.43 38.10 38.54 39.37 38.73 38.65 38.67 38.91 38.49 37.86
      TiO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
      Al2O3 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.75 20.88 20.95 20.85 20.72 20.99 20.83 20.64
      Cr2O3 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.03
      Fe2O3 1.18 0.20 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 2.47
      FeO 32.65 31.27 29.82 30.53 30.45 30.10 30.72 30.37 30.49 29.82 29.27
      MnO 0.76 0.81 0.78 0.73 0.85 0.76 0.71 0.80 0.76 0.74 0.71
      MgO 6.01 6.94 7.57 7.40 6.87 7.75 7.41 7.55 7.51 7.85 7.68
      CaO 0.98 0.96 0.95 1.05 0.90 1.01 1.05 1.02 1.08 1.01 1.03
      Na2O 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.04
      K2O 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03
      Total 100.32 99.56 99.09 99.06 99.36 99.31 99.41 99.17 99.87 99.85 99.51
      O 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
      Si 2.994 3.028 3.003 3.039 3.086 3.038 3.038 3.044 3.040 3.010 2.980
      Ti 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
      Al 1.939 1.937 1.938 1.929 1.929 1.938 1.932 1.923 1.930 1.920 1.910
      Cr 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.010 0.000 0.000
      Fe3+ 0.070 0.012 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.150
      Fe2+ 2.154 2.061 1.966 2.013 1.996 1.975 2.020 2.000 1.990 1.950 1.920
      Mn 0.051 0.054 0.052 0.048 0.056 0.050 0.047 0.053 0.050 0.050 0.050
      Mg 0.706 0.815 0.890 0.870 0.802 0.906 0.868 0.885 0.880 0.910 0.900
      Ca 0.083 0.081 0.080 0.088 0.076 0.085 0.089 0.086 0.090 0.090 0.090
      Na 0.000 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.010 0.010 0.010
      K 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
      X(g) 0.24 0.28 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31
      Z(g) 0.028 0.027 0.027 0.030 0.026 0.029 0.030 0.029 0.030 0.031 0.031
      注:成分单位为质量百分含量;X(g)=Mg/(Fe2++Mg+Ca);Z(g)=Ca/(Fe2++Mg+Ca);Grt-r.石榴子石边部;Grt-c.石榴子石核部.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中黑云母的化学成分(%)

      Table  2.   Chemical composition of biotite from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

      点位 bt(Grt-c) bt(Grt-c) bt(Grt-m) bt(Grt-r) bt(j) bt(j) bt(j) bt(Grt) bt(Grt) bt(Grt)
      SiO2 38.05 39.69 36.23 36.80 36.86 36.72 36.98 36.45 35.83 37.62
      TiO2 2.90 1.54 6.35 4.11 5.06 5.26 5.25 4.40 4.74 4.27
      Al2O3 16.62 17.98 15.38 16.39 15.61 16.71 15.29 15.75 16.89 17.34
      Cr2O3 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.18
      Fe2O3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
      FeO 10.50 8.00 13.12 12.27 15.95 14.98 16.03 15.78 15.37 14.02
      MnO 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.00
      MgO 17.15 18.61 14.83 15.00 12.07 11.66 11.71 13.38 12.04 12.19
      CaO 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
      Na2O 0.25 0.12 0.05 0.13 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.16 0.15
      K2O 9.97 9.54 9.82 10.06 10.14 9.65 10.26 9.63 10.13 9.66
      Total 95.65 95.62 95.91 94.88 95.89 95.18 95.74 95.56 95.35 95.44
      O 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
      Si 2.772 2.830 2.680 2.734 2.760 2.745 2.776 2.731 2.694 2.782
      Ti 0.159 0.082 0.353 0.230 0.285 0.296 0.296 0.248 0.268 0.238
      Al 1.427 1.512 1.341 1.435 1.378 1.472 1.353 1.391 1.498 1.512
      Cr 0.008 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.009 0.010
      Fe3+ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
      Fe2+ 0.639 0.477 0.811 0.762 0.999 0.937 1.007 0.988 0.966 0.867
      Mn 0.002 0.005 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.000
      Mg 1.862 1.978 1.635 1.661 1.347 1.299 1.311 1.494 1.349 1.343
      Ca 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000
      Na 0.035 0.016 0.008 0.018 0.018 0.012 0.017 0.006 0.023 0.022
      K 0.927 0.868 0.926 0.954 0.969 0.920 0.982 0.920 0.972 0.911
      注:成分单位为质量百分含量;bt(Grt-c).石榴子石核部包裹的黑云母;bt(Grt-m).石榴子石幔部包裹的黑云母;bt(Grt-r).石榴子石边部包裹的黑云母;bt(j).基质中的黑云母;bt(Grt).围绕石榴子石边部发育的黑云母.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中长石的化学成分(%)

      Table  3.   Chemical composition of feldspar from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

      矿物 Pl Kfs
      点位 pl(Grt) pl(Grt) pl(Grt) pl(Grt) pl(j) pl(j) pl(j) pl(j) pl(j) kfs(Grt) kfs(Grt) kfs(j)
      SiO2 63.19 62.76 61.98 62.94 62.97 62.85 63.36 62.76 62.38 66.23 64.23 65.82
      TiO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01
      Al2O3 23.16 23.05 23.67 22.68 22.92 23.08 22.90 23.04 22.98 17.59 18.21 17.61
      Cr2O3 0.00 0.48 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01
      Fe2O3 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.01 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.60 0.83 0.04
      FeO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
      MnO 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.00
      MgO 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
      CaO 5.44 5.48 4.97 5.34 5.69 5.45 5.59 5.42 5.59 0.05 0.02 0.09
      Na2O 7.85 7.81 8.12 8.10 7.75 7.81 7.88 7.97 7.96 1.21 0.60 1.50
      K2O 0.05 0.09 0.37 0.11 0.11 0.32 0.08 0.11 0.13 14.38 15.72 14.42
      Total 100 100 99.51 99.23 100 100 100 99 99 100 100 100
      O 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
      Si 2.792 2.778 2.759 2.802 2.794 2.788 2.801 2.790 2.784 3.033 2.982 3.033
      Ti 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
      Al 1.206 1.203 1.242 1.190 1.199 1.207 1.194 1.207 1.209 0.950 0.997 0.957
      Cr 0.000 0.017 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001
      Fe3+ 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.021 0.029 0.002
      Fe2+ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
      Mn 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000
      Mg 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
      Ca 0.257 0.260 0.237 0.255 0.271 0.259 0.265 0.258 0.267 0.002 0.001 0.004
      Na 0.673 0.671 0.701 0.699 0.667 0.672 0.675 0.687 0.689 0.107 0.054 0.134
      K 0.003 0.005 0.021 0.006 0.006 0.018 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.840 0.931 0.848
      An 0.275 0.278 0.247 0.266 0.287 0.273 0.280 0.271 0.277 - - -
      注:成分单位为质量百分含量;An=Ca/(Na+K+Ca);pl(Grt).围绕石榴子石边部发育的斜长石;pl(j).基质中的斜长石;kfs(Grt).围绕石榴子石边部发育的钾长石;kfs(j).基质中的钾长石.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)用于相平衡模拟的各组分含量(%)

      Table  4.   Molar proportion of oxides for mineral equilibria modelling of sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

      项目 H2O SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO FeO K2O Na2O TiO2 O
      MH2O(0) 0 78.47 7.72 1.51 3.45 4.52 1.56 2.09 0.64 0.03
      MH2O(1) 10 70.62 6.95 1.36 3.1 4.06 1.41 1.89 0.58 0.03
      P-T 2 76.9 7.57 1.48 3.38 4.43 1.53 2.05 0.63 0.03
      注:成分单位为摩尔百分含量.
      下载: 导出CSV
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