东昆仑高压变质带榴辉岩年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

国显正; 贾群子; 李金超; 孔会磊; 姚学钢; 弥佳茹; 钱兵; 王宇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.142

东昆仑高压变质带榴辉岩年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.142

国显正^1,2,,
贾群子^2, ,,
李金超²,
孔会磊²,
姚学钢^1,2,
弥佳茹²,
钱兵²,
王宇²

1.
中国地质大学地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 造山带地质研究中心, 陕西西安 710054

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160013

详细信息

作者简介:
国显正(1990-), 男, 在读博士研究生, 主要从事岩石学、矿床学与成矿规律研究

通讯作者:
贾群子

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-19
- 刊出日期: 2018-12-15

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry and Their Geological Significances of Eclogites from East Kunlun High-Pressure Metamorphic Belt

1.
Geological Survey Insitute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, Orogen Research Center, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来在东昆仑造山带中发现出露多处榴辉岩，由夏日哈木-苏海图、大格勒、宗加、尕日当（浪木日上游）、温泉、加当等多个榴辉岩、榴闪岩高压变质地体组成，呈透镜体或条带状产于金水口岩群中，构成了一条长达530 km的高压变质带.从榴辉岩的岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学等方面进行系统梳理，结果表明岩石类型复杂，主要可分为榴辉岩、退变榴辉岩、榴闪岩，岩石地球化学显示东昆仑榴辉岩SiO₂含量为41.58%~59.00%，平均值为50.19%，Al₂O₃含量为11.27%~18.54%，平均值为14.66%，TiO₂含量为0.76%~1.59%，平均值为1.03%.稀土配分曲线主要为轻稀土富集型，微量元素配分主要介于E-MORB与N-MORB之间.获得加当榴闪岩变质年龄为440±13 Ma，原岩年龄为934±15 Ma，同时结合东昆仑地区榴辉岩锆石年龄对其进行分析，锆石单点²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄在直方图上显示出丰富的信息，变质峰期年龄出现明显3个年龄峰，分别为451 Ma、432 Ma和412 Ma，原岩年龄出现峰值934 Ma，其中515~440 Ma记录了板块俯冲时段的岩浆热事件；440~420 Ma为陆壳俯冲-碰撞的记录；420~390 Ma是榴辉岩在折返过程中退化变质的反映.东昆仑榴辉岩变质时代与东昆仑原特提斯洋构造演化密切相关.
- 年代学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 榴辉岩 /
- 高压变质带 /
- 东昆仑
Abstract: Eclogites have been recognized in areas of Xiarihamu-Suhaitu, Dagele, Zongjia, Garidang(the upper reach of Langmuri), Jiadang, and Wenquan, respectively, in East Kunlun orogenic belt. The eclogites in various sizes occur in Jinshuikou metamorphic rocks and different terranes of eclogites constitute the East Kunlun high pressure metamorphic belt with a length of more than 530 km. This paper presents a research on the petrology, geochemistry and isotope chronology of the eclogites. The results show that eclogite types are complex which can be further divided into eclogites, retrograded eclogites and amphibole-eclogites. The eclogite geochemical analyses show that SiO₂ contents range from 41.58% to 59.00% with an average of 50.19%; Al₂O₃ contents range from 11.27% to 18.54% with an average of 14.66%; TiO₂ contents range from 0.76% to 1.59% with an average of 1.03%; REE distribution patterns mainly show enrichment in LREE and the trace element distribution patterns show the characteristics between the E-MORB and N-MORB. 440±13 Ma metamorphism age and 934±15 Ma original age of amphibole-eclogites in Jiadang were obtained. And the histogram of eclogite zircon age shows a variety of information including three peak ages of the metamorphic ages at 451 Ma, 432 Ma and 412 Ma respectively, one peak age of the original rock age at 936 Ma, 515-440 Ma records the subduction of the magma thermal event, 440-420 Ma recording subduction and collision of high pressure metamorphic and 420-390 Ma as a reflection of eclogite degradation. It is concluded that the metamorphic age of eclogite is closely related to the tectonic evolution of East Kunlun.
- geochronology /
- geochemistry /
- eclogite /
- high-pressure metamorphic belt /
- East Kunlun

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图 1 青藏高原构造单元划分

据Liou et al.(2009)修改

Fig. 1. Distribution of major tectonic units in the Tibetan plateau

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图 2 东昆仑榴辉岩分布

据张建新等(2015)修改

Fig. 2. Distribution of eclogites in East Kunlun

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图 3 榴辉岩野外及镜下照片

a.苏海图大理岩中的榴辉岩；b.苏海图榴辉岩镜下特征；c.夏日哈木榴辉岩；d.夏日哈木榴辉岩镜下特征；e.夏日哈木榴闪岩；f.夏日哈木榴闪岩镜下特征；g.尕日当榴辉岩；h.尕日当榴辉岩镜下照片；i宗加榴闪岩露头；j.宗加榴闪岩镜下照片；k.加当榴辉(闪)岩野外宏观照片；l.加当榴辉(闪)岩边部后成合晶结构；Grt.石榴子石；Omp.绿辉石；Pl.斜长石；Bi.黑云母

Fig. 3. Field photos and photomicographs of eclogites

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图 4 东昆仑榴辉岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂(a)及Nb/Y-SiO₂(b)图解

底图据Winchester and Floyd(1977)

Fig. 4. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂ (a) and Nb/Y-SiO₂ (b) diagrams of eclogites in East Kunlun

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图 5 东昆仑榴辉岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式

标准化数据据Sun and Mcdonough(1989)，温泉榴辉岩编号1-11，其余样品编号见表 1

Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of eclogites in East Kunlun

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图 6 东昆仑榴辉岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图

标准化数据据Sun and Mcdonough(1989)，温泉榴辉岩编号1-11，其余样品编号见表 1

Fig. 6. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of eclogites in East Kunlun

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图 7 加当榴闪岩中锆石阴极发光图像、年龄谐和图及锆石稀土配分模式

Fig. 7. CL images and ages of zircons from Jiadang amphibole-eclogites

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图 8 东昆仑地区榴辉岩锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄直方图

数据来源同表 4

Fig. 8. Diagrams of zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of eclogites in East Kunlun

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图 9 东昆仑榴辉岩构造判别图解

ALB.碱性玄武岩；ORB.洋脊玄武岩；MORB.洋中脊玄武岩；OIB.洋岛玄武岩；IAT.岛弧拉斑玄武岩；WPB.板内玄武岩.a.据Bass et al.(1973)；b.据Glassley(1974)；c.据Pearce and Cann(1973)；d.据Shervais(1982)

Fig. 9. Tectonic discrimination diagrams of eclogites in East Kunlun

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表 1 东昆仑榴辉岩、榴闪岩主量元素(%)分析结果

Table 1. Major (%) element concentrations of eclogites and amphibole-eclogites in East Kunlun

样品编号	尕日当榴辉岩^①						大格勒榴辉岩(Du et al., 2017)					苏海图榴辉岩^②		加当榴闪岩(本文)
样品编号	D1817/1	D1817/2	D1817/3	D1817/4	D1817/5	D1817/6	dgl-10	dgl-14	dgl-22	dgl-26	dgl-29	D.Gs4200	D.Gs4200-2	17eclH1	17eclH2	17eclH3	17eclH4	17eclH5
SiO₂	49.90	51.46	50.83	51.91	50.46	50.91	44.12	41.58	44.40	44.86	45.32	47.44	48.40	48.39	49.70	48.81	49.94	50.56
TiO₂	1.03	1.01	0.76	0.91	0.95	0.93	0.94	1.24	0.95	0.95	0.93	1.27	1.59	1.17	1.20	1.18	1.21	1.36
Al₂O₃	13.80	11.56	13.34	11.27	11.38	12.27	17.81	18.43	15.72	17.35	18.54	14.33	16.40	14.18	14.07	14.13	14.01	13.40
Fe₂O₃	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	11.92	14.32	10.99	12.68	12.29	2.69	2.05	1.73	1.38	1.36	1.52	1.08
FeO	12.23	12.41	12.24	12.30	12.88	12.41						9.85	8.85	9.31	10.03	9.94	9.68	10.92
MnO	0.22	0.21	0.21	0.22	0.23	0.22	0.18	0.23	0.16	0.18	0.18	0.24	0.18	0.20	0.20	0.21	0.20	0.21
MgO	9.43	10.34	9.74	10.80	10.90	10.24	8.20	7.83	11.23	8.62	7.37	7.93	7.29	8.07	8.20	8.68	7.94	7.31
CaO	10.83	11.05	11.02	10.78	10.32	10.80	11.62	12.25	11.88	11.68	11.78	11.63	11.00	11.71	11.38	12.03	11.66	11.32
Na₂O	1.22	1.16	1.19	1.08	0.94	1.12	2.86	1.61	2.08	2.56	2.69	2.12	2.10	2.13	1.93	1.61	1.71	2.09
K₂O	0.18	0.05	0.11	0.05	0.11	0.10	0.19	0.15	0.22	0.21	0.17	0.47	0.41	0.37	0.30	0.29	0.20	0.18
P₂O₅	0.11	0.07	0.22	0.06	0.08	0.11	0.19	0.30	0.08	0.15	0.19	0.12	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.11
H₂O⁺												1.68	0.75
LOS	0.35	0.27	0.29	0.49	0.51	0.48	0.54	0.15	0.40	0.16	0.03	1.40	0.62	2.54	1.42	1.57	1.76	1.39
Total	99.40	99.69	100.05	99.97	98.86	99.69	98.57	98.09	98.11	99.40	99.49	101.17	99.76	99.91	99.90	99.91	99.91	99.93
注：①陕西省核工业地质调查院，2016.青海省都兰县尕日当地区I47E002011、I47E003011、I47E004011、I47E004012四幅1:5万区域地质调查报告.1-468.②青海省地质调查院，2013.青海1:25万大灶火(J46C004003)幅区域地质调查报告.1-416.

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表 2 东昆仑榴辉岩、榴闪岩微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 2. Trace element (10^-6) concentrations of eclogites and amphibole-eclogites in East Kunlun

样品编号	尕日当榴辉岩^①						大格勒榴辉岩(Du et al., 2017)					苏海图榴辉岩^②		加当榴闪岩(本文)
样品编号	D1817/1	D1817/2	D1817/3	D1817/4	D1817/5	D1817/6	dgl-10	dgl-14	dgl-22	dgl-26	dgl-29	D.Gs4200	D.Gs4200-2	17eclH1	17eclH2	17eclH3	17eclH4	17eclH5
Rb	10.40	4.48	7.68	3.89	8.20	6.90	5.28	6.04	5.03	5.01	5.15	20.19	16.84	25.20	10.40	26.30	10.40	7.21
Sr	126	109	104	119	124	116	760.67	720.35	258.76	558.16	677.28	181	180	158	101	160	121	128
Ba	74.2	20.4	28.6	17.6	27.9	33.7	64.81	34.20	33.05	73.96	62.77	94.6	95.0	101.0	60.0	93.9	49.7	39.4
Th	1.19	0.66	1.32	0.66	0.99	0.96	0.11	0.10	0.02	0.07	0.11	0.99	1.46	2.15	0.57	1.28	0.68	0.66
U	9.52	11.50	12.80	13.30	11.10	11.64	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.54	0.45	0.78	0.17	0.26	0.21	0.26
Nb	0.81	0.51	0.74	0.53	0.56	0.63	7.91	12.40	3.55	6.07	8.32	3.84	1.91	5.08	4.51	5.90	5.41	5.66
Ta	0.51	0.51	0.53	0.51	0.51	0.51	0.23	0.33	0.11	0.16	0.21	12.40	8.28	0.39	0.33	0.38	0.38	0.38
Zr	55.1	51.5	45.4	53.2	56.2	52.3	26.32	26.94	14.52	26.21	26.70	76.3	104.5	54.1	49.8	53.7	55.8	66.2
Hf	10.5	10.8	10.5	10.9	10.8	10.7	1.00	1.02	0.69	0.99	0.98	3.3	3.6	1.56	1.44	1.48	1.59	1.94
V	273	292	286	291	266	281	349.18	374.30	329.01	362.51	354.37	310.7	243.5	289	285	295	308	333
Ti	6 180	6 060	4 560	5 460	5 700	5 580	5 640	7 440	5 700	5 700	5 580	7 620	9 540	7 020	7 200	7 080	7 260	8 160
La	5.10	3.85	9.38	4.06	4.84	5.45	9.92	13.96	2.69	7.23	10.00	5.76	10.10	7.37	4.54	9.53	5.77	5.78
Ce	9.43	7.61	18.04	8.25	9.91	10.65	26.83	36.66	9.44	19.74	26.64	13.21	22.14	15.7	11.1	21.1	14.1	14.4
Pr	1.72	1.50	2.77	1.55	1.73	1.86	3.80	5.04	1.68	2.96	3.73	1.97	2.97	2.18	1.69	2.92	2.06	2.20
Nd	8.52	7.70	12.62	8.16	8.99	9.20	17.88	23.03	9.28	14.11	16.95	8.74	13.80	9.85	8.13	12.10	9.78	10.80
Sm	2.78	2.52	3.34	2.60	2.72	2.79	3.90	5.19	2.63	3.54	3.85	2.57	3.28	2.69	2.36	2.94	2.72	2.99
Eu	0.96	0.81	1.11	0.85	0.86	0.92	1.28	1.68	0.94	1.19	1.19	0.95	1.38	0.95	0.88	0.98	1.01	1.06
Gd	3.10	2.81	3.89	2.95	3.02	3.15	3.89	5.67	2.77	3.77	3.88	3.35	3.94	3.01	2.81	3.50	3.26	3.52
Tb	0.67	0.65	0.74	0.67	0.67	0.68	0.58	0.89	0.44	0.54	0.59	0.67	0.74	0.52	0.48	0.58	0.55	0.61
Dy	4.02	3.98	4.40	4.27	4.07	4.15	3.52	5.44	2.61	3.12	3.42	4.32	4.67	3.27	3.11	3.56	3.61	3.98
Ho	0.95	0.97	1.05	1.06	1.01	1.01	0.70	1.12	0.53	0.64	0.70	0.89	0.97	0.69	0.67	0.72	0.75	0.82
Er	2.62	2.72	2.84	3.06	2.78	2.81	2.01	3.29	1.44	1.79	1.99	2.54	2.81	1.97	1.89	2.10	2.11	2.36
Tm	0.43	0.45	0.45	0.49	0.45	0.46	0.28	0.47	0.20	0.25	0.27	0.39	0.42	0.30	0.29	0.32	0.32	0.36
Yb	2.66	2.82	2.82	3.08	2.75	2.83	1.73	2.91	1.24	1.55	1.76	2.56	2.76	1.95	1.82	1.95	2.02	2.31
Lu	0.43	0.46	0.46	0.51	0.46	0.47	0.25	0.43	0.18	0.22	0.26	0.37	0.39	0.28	0.27	0.29	0.31	0.34
Y	22.91	23.17	24.87	25.21	23.54	23.90	17.15	27.23	12.64	15.66	17.47	21.8	24.9	21.2	17.4	20.4	18.5	22.2
ΣREE	43.39	38.85	63.91	41.56	44.26	46.43	76.57	105.78	36.07	60.65	75.23	48.29	70.37	50.73	40.04	62.59	48.37	51.53
LREE	28.51	23.99	47.26	25.47	29.05	30.87	63.61	85.56	26.66	48.77	62.36	33.20	53.67	38.74	28.70	49.57	35.44	37.23
HREE	14.88	14.86	16.65	16.09	15.21	15.56	12.96	20.22	9.41	11.88	12.87	15.09	16.70	11.99	11.34	13.02	12.93	14.30
LREE/HREE	1.92	1.61	2.84	1.58	1.91	1.98	4.908 18	4.231 45	2.833 16	4.105 22	4.845 38	2.200 13	3.213 77	3.231 03	2.530 86	3.807 22	2.740 91	2.603 50
(La/Yb)_N	1.38	0.98	2.39	0.95	1.26	1.38	4.11	3.44	1.56	3.35	4.08	1.61	2.62	2.71	1.79	3.51	2.05	1.79
δEu	1.00	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.92	0.95	1.004 68	0.946 80	1.064 72	0.995 86	0.941 29	0.989 82	1.173 59	1.020 68	1.044 71	0.933 99	1.036 94	0.998 90
δCe	0.78	0.78	0.87	0.81	0.84	0.82	1.07	1.07	1.09	1.05	1.07	0.96	0.99	0.96	0.98	0.98	1.00	0.99
注：数值由分析值经标准化值得来，采用Sun and Mcdonough(1989)的标准值.其中：(La/Yb)_N＝(La/0.237)/(Yb/0.17)；(La/Sm)_N＝(La/0.237)/(Sm/0.153).

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表 3 加当榴闪岩锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果

Table 3. LA-ICP-MS isotopic data of zircon from Jiadang amphibole-eclogites in East Kunlun

样品	U	Th	U/Th	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U
007CL04.D	30.60	0.53	0.02	0.063 0	0.011 0	0.573 0	0.085 0	0.069 3	0.003 7	432	22	454	61
012CL08.D	33.80	0.51	0.02	0.054 4	0.008 0	0.545 0	0.080 0	0.072 8	0.003 6	452	21	437	58
015CL11.D	29.10	0.72	0.02	0.057 0	0.010 0	0.600 0	0.100 0	0.076 2	0.004 8	473	29	466	69
020CL13.D	46.80	0.22	0.00	0.068 8	0.007 8	0.658 0	0.070 0	0.070 2	0.003 0	437	18	503	43
022CL15.D	22.57	0.53	0.02	0.055 0	0.012 0	0.530 0	0.100 0	0.071 2	0.003 8	443	23	437	69
024CL17.D	35.70	1.01	0.03	0.060 6	0.007 6	0.609 0	0.079 0	0.073 5	0.004 2	456	25	467	54
025CL18.D	39.40	1.37	0.03	0.061 0	0.010 0	0.551 0	0.086 0	0.067 9	0.003 9	423	24	428	56
027CL19.D	24.50	0.30	0.01	0.060 0	0.012 0	0.600 0	0.120 0	0.070 9	0.004 7	441	28	439	79
030CL22.D	42.10	0.46	0.01	0.060 2	0.007 9	0.587 0	0.076 0	0.069 3	0.003 3	431	20	456	48
037CL26.D	26.10	0.48	0.02	0.052 0	0.012 0	0.490 0	0.100 0	0.068 6	0.003 8	427	23	374	72
045CL33.D	43.90	0.63	0.01	0.055 0	0.008 1	0.527 0	0.079 0	0.071 4	0.003 7	444	22	418	55
021CL14.D	246.00	101.40	0.41	0.072 0	0.002 2	1.605 0	0.058 0	0.159 0	0.002 5	951	14	970	22
046CL34.D	370.00	121.00	0.33	0.069 6	0.001 9	1.463 0	0.058 0	0.154 0	0.005 7	923	32	912	24
047CL35.D	1 023.00	161.10	0.16	0.070 0	0.001 1	1.481 0	0.028 0	0.154 6	0.001 7	927	10	922	11

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表 4 东昆仑榴辉岩锆石同位素年龄

Table 4. Summary on eclogite ages in East Kunlun

位置	岩石	原岩年龄	榴辉岩相变质年龄	测定方法	资料来源
温泉	细粒榴辉岩	934±2 Ma		SHRIMP	Meng et al., 2013
温泉	粗粒榴辉岩		428±2 Ma	LA-MC-ICPMS	Meng et al., 2013
温泉	榴辉岩		451±2 Ma	LA-ICP-MS	贾丽辉等，2014
温泉	榴辉岩中石英脉		449.9±1.9 Ma	LA-ICP-MS	贾丽辉等，2014
夏日哈木-苏海图	榴辉岩		410.9±1.6 Ma	LA-ICP-MS	祁生胜等，2014
尕日当	榴辉岩		432.1±4.5 Ma	LA-ICP-MS	祁晓鹏等，2016
大格勒沟	榴辉岩	650~520 Ma	451.0±4.1 Ma	LA-ICP-MS	熊富浩和马昌前，2016
加当	榴闪岩	934±15 Ma	440±13 Ma	LA-ICP-MS	本文

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