柴北缘西段晚古生代牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩成因机制及地球动力学过程

钱兵; 张照伟; 吕鹏瑞; 王亚磊

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.176

柴北缘西段晚古生代牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩成因机制及地球动力学过程

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.176

钱兵^1,2,,
张照伟^1,2,
吕鹏瑞^1,2,
王亚磊^1,2

1.
自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室, 陕西西安 710054
2.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710054

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41873053

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目 2017JM4002

中国地质调查局"东昆仑铜镍多金属资源基地调查"二级项目 DD20160013

国家自然科学基金项目 41603050

国家自然科学基金项目 41602094

国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目 201511020

详细信息

作者简介:
钱兵(1985-), 男, 助理研究员, 主要从事岩浆作用与成矿研究工作

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-20
- 刊出日期: 2018-12-15

Petrogenesis and Geodynamics Processes of Early Paleozoic Niubiziliang High-Mg Diorites in West Segment of North Qaidam, Qinghai

Qian Bing^{1,2
,},
Zhang Zhaowei^1,2,
Lü Pengrui^1,2,
Wang Yalei^1,2

1.
Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 牛鼻子梁地区首次发现的高镁闪长岩对于探讨柴北缘地区岩石圈地幔演化历史具有重要意义.为确定该类岩石成因及地球动力学过程，对其开展矿物学、岩石主-微量元素分析、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析工作.岩石地球化学特征显示，岩石均为钙碱性岩石，具有富Mg（Mg^#=62~72）、Cr、Ni、LREE（LREE/HREE=2.84~4.61）值、低FeO^T/MgO（0.70~1.12）比值特征，属于高镁闪长岩；所有样品均表现出富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、Th、U、K）和LREE，而相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P和HREE，与典型的"赞岐岩"地球化学特征一致；锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究表明岩石形成时代为388 Ma，为中泥盆世岩浆作用的产物.锆石Hf同位素特征显示岩石ε_Hf（t）均为正值（4.4~11.6），表明岩浆起源于亏损地幔.结合区域构造演化过程认为，牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩是由早古生代（540~520 Ma）消减带流体交代地幔楔后的富集地幔经历晚古生代（400~388 Ma）岩石圈伸展作用部分熔融的产物.
- 高镁闪长岩 /
- 岩石成因 /
- 岩石圈地幔 /
- 牛鼻子梁地区 /
- 柴北缘造山带 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The high-Mg diorites, newly discovered in Niubiziliang area, are important for discussing the evolution history of lithospheric mantle in North Qaidam, Qinghai Province. To determine the petrogenesis and geodynamic processes of these rocks, the major and trace element analysis, zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis have been carried out in this paper. The petrogeochemistry shows that the rocks are calc-alkaline rocks, and enriched in Mg (Mg^#=62-72), Cr, Ni and LREE (LREE/HREE=2.84-4.61) elements, with low FeO^T/MgO (0.70-1.12) ratios.They belong to high-magnesium diorite. All the rocks are enriched in large iron lithiphile elements (Rb, Ba, Th, U, K and LREE) and depleted in high strength field elements (Nb, Ta, Ti, P and HREE).Additionally, the diorite rocks have the same characteristics of geochemistry as typical sanukitoids. The mean U-Pb age of the zircons in these high-Mg diorites is 388 Ma, suggesting that the rocks were formed in Middle Triassic. The zircon Hf isotopes show that all the ε_Hf(t)(4.4-11.6) are positive, indicating the magma was originated from the depleted mantle.Combined with the regional tectonic evolution process, it is suggested that the mantle source of the Niubiziliang high-Mg diorite was formed by the reaction of the slab-derived fluids with the overlying mantle peridotite in Early Paleozoic (540-520 Ma). In Late Paleozoic (400-388 Ma), partial melting of the enriched mantle might generate the studied high-Mg diorites due to lithospheric extension.
- high-Mg diorite /
- petrogenesis /
- lithospheric mantle /
- Niubiziliang area /
- north Qaidam orogenic belt /
- geochemistry

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图 1 柴北缘造山带区域大地构造图(a)及牛鼻子梁地区地质图(b)

Fig. 1. Regional tectonic sketch of the north Qaidam orogenic belt (a) and geological map of Niubiziliang area (b)

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图 2 牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩显微照片

a.暗色闪长岩；b.辉长闪长岩；Pla.斜长石；Hbl.普通角闪石；Di.普通辉石

Fig. 2. Micrographs illustrating minerals of Niubiziliang high-Mg diorites

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图 3 牛鼻子梁暗色闪长岩锆石阴极发光图像(含ε_Hf(t)值及U-Pb年龄值)(a)和锆石U-Pb谐和图(b)

Fig. 3. Zircon CL for microbeam analyzed spots with ε_Hf(t) values and apparent U-Pb ages (a) and zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (b) of the Niubiziliang meiadiorite

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图 4 柴北缘牛鼻子梁闪长岩体岩石系列判别图解

a.SiO₂-(Na₂O+K₂O)图解(碱性和亚碱性分类引自Irvine and Baragar(1971))；b.SiO₂-K₂O图解(Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)；c.SiO₂-MgO图解(Defant and Drumond, 1990)；d.SiO₂-Mg^#图解(Rapp et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2005)

Fig. 4. Discrimination diagrams of rock series of Niubiziliang diorites in the north Qaidam orogenic belt

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图 5 牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分曲线(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)

元素标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns (b) for the Niubiziliang high-Mg diorites

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图 6 牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩锆石ε_Hf(t)(a)和一阶段模式年龄(t_DM1)(b)频数分布图

Fig. 6. Histograms of zircon ε_Hf(t) value (a) and t_DM1 value (b) from the Niubiziliang high-Mg diorites

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图 7 柴北缘牛鼻子梁高镁闪长岩形成模式

Fig. 7. Schematic illustration showing the petrogenesis of the Niubiziliang high-Mg diorites from the north Qaidam orogenic belt

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表 1 牛鼻子梁闪长岩体主量元素(%)、微量元素和稀土元素(10^-6)化学成分

Table 1. Compostions of major (%), trace and rare earth elements (10^-6) of the Niubiziliang diorites

样品	暗色闪长岩					辉长闪长岩
样品	NB14-17	NB14-18	NB14-19	NB14-20		NB1401-2	NB1401-34	NB1403-14
SiO₂	52.11	53.25	53.28	54.72		53.05	55.06	51.99
TiO₂	0.82	0.79	1.59	0.83		0.82	1.35	0.88
Al₂O₃	14.39	17.14	17.30	17.31		15.77	15.24	18.51
Fe₂O₃	1.63	2.02	1.37	1.61		1.44	1.98	1.04
FeO	7.36	6.50	6.36	5.72		6.00	5.80	4.97
MnO	0.14	0.20	0.14	0.13		0.12	0.14	0.11
MgO	12.45	8.02	6.81	7.11		10.37	8.67	8.39
CaO	7.47	8.47	9.56	8.88		8.01	5.61	10.22
Na₂O	2.72	2.67	2.87	2.90		3.14	4.86	3.34
K₂O	0.70	0.66	0.61	0.63		1.12	1.15	0.34
P₂O₅	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.10		0.09	0.09	0.11
Total	99.91	99.81	99.97	99.94		99.90	99.95	99.92
Mg^#	72	63	62	64		72	67	72
FeO^T	8.82	8.32	7.60	7.16		7.29	7.58	5.91
σ	1.28	1.08	1.18	1.07		1.80	2.99	1.50
A.R.	1.37	1.30	1.30	1.31		1.44	1.81	1.29
K₂O/Na₂O	0.26	0.25	0.21	0.22		0.36	0.24	0.10
Na₂O/K₂O	3.88	4.05	4.70	4.58		2.81	4.23	9.88
Na₂O+K₂O	3.42	3.32	3.48	3.54		4.25	6.00	3.67
FeO^T/MgO	0.71	1.04	1.12	1.01		0.70	0.87	0.70
A/NK	2.75	3.36	3.22	3.17		2.48	1.65	3.16
A/CNK	0.77	0.84	0.76	0.80		0.75	0.78	0.76
Cu	201.0	54.6	41.4	33.4		36.1	60.5	31.4
Pb	11.30	18.00	7.19	6.34		10.20	7.32	10.60
Zn	78.1	86.3	63.8	66.6		65.8	66.8	52.5
Cr	728.0	262.0	127.0	67.3		577.0	307.0	499.0
Ni	1 190.0	111.0	43.4	48.2		185.0	142.0	159.0
Co	105.0	52.8	37.3	33.3		37.3	43.6	36.7
Rb	26.9	24.0	20.8	20.0		56.2	52.4	10.7
Cs	1.64	1.74	2.08	1.72		13.40	1.90	1.10
Sr	217	245	274	259		274	412	336
Ba	126	134	136	129		298	402	91
V	159	171	254	194		140	179	140
Sc	29.9	31.0	36.9	32.5		30.4	23.9	16.4
Nb	3.37	3.85	3.28	3.22		4.38	7.97	3.49
Ta	0.30	0.34	0.26	0.27		0.35	0.62	0.29
Zr	105.0	79.5	78.7	84.2		63.0	114.0	66.6
Hf	2.80	2.40	2.23	2.43		1.83	3.24	1.84
Ga	14.7	17.4	16.5	16.9		14.0	15.3	16.5
U	1.26	0.88	0.60	0.47		0.52	0.88	0.24
Th	2.62	2.95	1.50	2.02		1.44	3.07	0.76
La	8.79	8.48	6.64	8.27		5.76	11.20	5.12
Ce	20.40	20.50	16.20	19.20		14.00	24.40	12.40
Pr	2.75	2.69	2.25	2.60		1.95	3.05	1.83
Nd	11.60	11.60	10.00	11.00		8.69	12.40	8.54
Sm	3.21	3.04	2.60	3.15		2.36	3.06	2.60
Eu	1.01	1.06	1.03	1.05		0.91	0.95	1.02
Gd	3.54	3.38	3.24	3.42		2.33	3.26	3.02
Tb	0.58	0.56	0.55	0.55		0.47	0.53	0.55
Dy	3.68	3.46	3.52	3.45		2.95	3.23	3.12
Ho	0.78	0.72	0.72	0.72		0.61	0.70	0.63
Er	2.11	2.07	2.07	2.06		1.63	1.89	1.74
Tm	0.31	0.30	0.31	0.31		0.24	0.28	0.25
Yb	1.98	1.98	1.96	1.98		1.43	1.77	1.56
Lu	0.29	0.28	0.29	0.30		0.20	0.28	0.23
Y	18.40	17.20	17.20	17.80		14.10	16.20	14.40
ΣREE	61.03	60.12	51.38	58.06		43.53	67.00	42.61
LREE	47.76	47.37	38.72	45.27		33.67	55.06	31.51
HREE	13.27	12.75	12.66	12.79		9.86	11.94	11.10
LREE/HREE	3.60	3.72	3.06	3.54		3.41	4.61	2.84
(La/Yb)_N	3.18	3.07	2.43	3.00		2.89	4.54	2.35
δEu	0.91	1.01	1.08	0.97		1.17	0.91	1.11
Sr/Y	11.79	14.24	15.93	14.55		19.43	25.43	23.33
Th/U	2.08	3.35	2.50	4.30		2.77	3.49	3.17
Th/La	0.30	0.35	0.23	0.24	0.25	0.27	0.15
Nb/Ta	11	11	13	12	13	13	12
Zr/Hf	38	33	35	35		34	35	36
注：(1)Mg^#= (MgO/40)/[(MgO/40)+(FeO+0.099 8Fe₂O₃)/72](%); (2)组合指数σ=(Na₂O+K₂O)2/(SiO₂-43)(%); (3)A.R.=(Al₂O₃+CaO+Na₂O+K₂O)/(Al₂O₃+CaO-Na₂O-K₂O); (4)A/NK=[Al₂O₃/(Na₂O+K₂O)](mol); (5)A/CNK=[Al₂O₃/(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O)](mol)；(6)δEu=Eu_N/(Sm_N×Gd_N)^1/2.

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表 2 牛鼻子梁暗色闪长岩锆石Hf同位素分析结果

Table 2. Zircon Hf isotope analytical data of meiadiorites in Niubiziliang intrusion

样号	T(Ma)	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ
NB14-16-1	388	0.039 833	0.001 540	0.001 658	0.000 061	0.282 752	0.000 021
NB14-16-2	388	0.053 587	0.002 485	0.002 133	0.000 093	0.282 741	0.000 023
NB14-16-3	388	0.089 712	0.000455	0.003 592	0.000 021	0.282 752	0.000 020
NB14-16-4	388	0.094 256	0.000 883	0.003 864	0.000 034	0.282 684	0.000 025
NB14-16-5	388	0.071 979	0.001 037	0.002 639	0.000 039	0.282 765	0.000 022
NB14-16-6	388	0.098 233	0.000 266	0.003 459	0.000 010	0.282 775	0.000 022
NB14-16-7	388	0.032 476	0.000 276	0.001 209	0.000 007	0.282 802	0.000 023
NB14-16-8	388	0.033 704	0.000665	0.001 190	0.0000 23	0.282 793	0.000 027
NB14-16-9	388	0.111 124	0.005 473	0.004 385	0.000 209	0.282 891	0.000 023
NB14-16-10	388	0.070 161	0.000 157	0.002 604	0.000 009	0.282 765	0.000 021
NB14-16-11	388	0.045 195	0.000 792	0.001 923	0.000 032	0.282 756	0.000 022
NB14-16-12	388	0.088 623	0.000 589	0.003 421	0.000 027	0.282 747	0.000 023
NB14-16-13	388	0.061 798	0.002 234	0.001 919	0.000 062	0.282 732	0.000 028
NB14-16-14	388	0.053 858	0.001 368	0.002 333	0.000 056	0.282 782	0.000 023
NB14-16-15	388	0.043 087	0.000 794	0.001 823	0.000 032	0.282 736	0.000 019
NB14-16-16	388	0.137 847	0.000 169	0.005 763	0.000 007	0.282 769	0.000 025
NB14-16-17	388	0.045 137	0.000 474	0.001 913	0.000 019	0.282 700	0.000 021
NB14-16-18	388	0.081 289	0.001 168	0.003 344	0.000 044	0.282 768	0.000 023
NB14-16-19	388	0.119 048	0.000 616	0.004 691	0.000 020	0.282 793	0.000 024
NB14-16-20	388	0.076 640	0.000 119	0.003 255	0.000 008	0.282 722	0.000 025
NB14-16-21	388	0.063 720	0.000 431	0.002 595	0.000 019	0.282 822	0.000 018
NB14-16-22	388	0.048 129	0.000 609	0.001 931	0.000 016	0.282 764	0.000 023

样号	(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_i		ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	t_DM1(Ma)	t_DM2(Ma)	f_Lu/Hf
NB14-16-1	0.282 740		-0.7	7.4	721	1 128	-0.95
NB14-16-2	0.282 726		-1.1	6.9	747	1 175	-0.94
NB14-16-3	0.282 726		-0.7	6.9	761	1 174	-0.89
NB14-16-4	0.282 656		-3.1	4.4	871	1 396	-0.88
NB14-16-5	0.282 746		-0.2	7.6	722	1 110	-0.92
NB14-16-6	0.282 750		0.1	7.7	724	1 098	-0.90
NB14-16-7	0.282 793		1.0	9.3	643	960	-0.96
NB14-16-8	0.282 784		0.7	9.0	654	987	-0.96
NB14-16-9	0.282 859		4.2	11.6	563	748	-0.87
NB14-16-10	0.282 746		-0.2	7.6	721	1 109	-0.92
NB14-16-11	0.282 742		-0.6	7.5	721	1 123	-0.94
NB14-16-12	0.282 722		-0.9	6.8	765	1 186	-0.90
NB14-16-13	0.282 718		-1.4	6.6	756	1 199	-0.94
NB14-16-14	0.282 766		0.4	8.3	691	1 048	-0.93
NB14-16-15	0.282 723		-1.3	6.8	748	1 183	-0.95
NB14-16-16	0.282 727		-0.1	6.9	785	1 172	-0.83
NB14-16-17	0.282 686		-2.5	5.5	802	1 301	-0.94
NB14-16-18	0.282 743		-0.2	7.5	733	1 118	-0.90
NB14-16-19	0.282 759		0.7	8.1	722	1 069	-0.86
NB14-16-20	0.282 698		-1.8	5.9	800	1 263	-0.90
NB14-16-21	0.282 803		1.8	9.6	637	928	-0.92
NB14-16-22	0.282 750		-0.3	7.8	709	1 096	-0.94

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