Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Siliceous Rocks in Upper Ordovician Zhaolaoyu Formation in Fuping Region, Shaanxi Province
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摘要: 陕西富平上奥陶统赵老峪组发育了一套与深水碳酸盐岩伴生的硅质岩沉积，其地化特征对揭示硅质来源及构造背景等具有重要意义.在研究区地层野外剖面实测、硅质岩岩石地化分析基础上，研究了该区硅质岩硅质来源及构造环境.赵老峪组岩性以深灰色薄板状灰岩为主，夹层状放射虫硅质岩、砾屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、含斑块灰岩和火山凝灰岩，其中硅质岩呈隐晶质－微晶质，含放射虫化石.样品Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）均值0.68，MnO/TiO2均值0.18，ΣREE均值46.41，δCe均值0.95，δEu均值1.13，LaN/YbN均值1.15，LaN/CeN均值1.08，显示大陆边缘的构造环境，硅质来源主要为陆源来源.结果表明赵老峪组硅质岩发育于奥陶纪扬子板块向华北板块俯冲背景下，形成于华北地块南缘与北秦岭之间的二郎坪弧后前陆盆地北部大陆边缘.Abstract: In Fuping region of Shaanxi Province, a suite of radiolarian siliceous rocks is developed in Upper Ordovician Zhaolaoyu Formation, which is associated with deep water carbonate rocks. The geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks are of great significance in revealing the source of silicon and tectonic setting. On basis of the field profile, the petrological and geochemical analyses of siliceous rocks in Upper Ordovician Zhaolaoyu Formation in Fuping region, the origin and tectonic setting are studied. It is found that Zhaolaoyu Formation is dominated by dark gray lamellose limestone, with lamellar radiolarian siliceous rocks, conglomerate limestone, calcarenite, patchy limestone and volcanic tuff. Siliceous rocks are cryptocrystalline-microcrystalline, containing radiolarian fossils. The geochemical test of the samples yields the value of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (average 0.68), MnO/TiO2 (average 0.18), ΣREE (average 46.41), δCe (average 0.95), δEu (average 1.13), LaN/YbN (average 1.15), LaN/CeN (average 1.08), suggesting that the tectonic environment is continental margin and the silicons are mainly of terrigenous origin. We believe that the siliceous rocks in Fuping region were formed on the northern margin of the Erlangping retroarc foreland basin, which was formed between the southern margin of North China Block and the North Qinling under the background of subduction of the Yangtze Plate to the North China Plate during the Ordovician.
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图 1 华北地块及周缘构造格架（a）、研究区位置（b）和陕西富平地区地质简图（c）
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework map of the North China Block and adjacent area (a), the location of study area (b), simplified geological map of Fuping region, Shaanxi Province (c)
图 2 陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组地层柱状图
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic histogram of the Upper Ordovician Zhaolaoyu Formation in Fuping region of Shaanxi Province
图 3 陕西富平地区中上奥陶统主要岩性野外照片
a.中奥陶统马家沟组浅水台地相厚层灰岩；b.上奥陶统赵老峪组深水相薄板状灰岩；c.上奥陶统赵老峪组碎屑流沉积砾屑灰岩；d.上奥陶统赵老峪组火山凝灰岩夹层；e.上奥陶统赵老峪组硅质岩与薄板状灰岩互层；f.上奥陶统赵老峪组含放射虫潜穴硅质岩
Fig. 3. Field photoes of main lithologies of Middle-Upper Ordovician in Fuping region, Shaanxi Province
图 4 赵老峪组硅质岩岩性剖面及采样位置
Fig. 4. Lithologic section of siliceous rocks in Zhaolaoyu Formation and sampling position
图 5 赵老峪组放射虫硅质岩显微镜下微观照片
a.硅质岩薄片镜下特征（单偏光）；b.硅质岩中的放射虫（正交偏光）
Fig. 5. Microcosmic photoes under microscope of the radiolarian siliceous rocks in Zhaolaoyu Formation
图 6 硅质岩样品标准化稀土模式曲线
PAAS标准化数据据McLennan（1989）
Fig. 6. REE pattern of the analyzed samples normalized to PAAS
图 7 赵老峪组硅质岩成因判别图解
a.Al-Fe-Mn三角图，据Adachi et al.（1986），A为非热液成因硅质岩；B为热液成因硅质岩；b.现代海洋沉积物Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)图，据Boström et al.（1973），A为生物成因硅质岩，B为平均远洋粘土，C为海渊热水沉积物，D、E为热水粘土，F为西太平洋沉积物，EPB为热液单元沉积物，TM为陆缘物质单元沉积物，BM为生物物质单元沉积物
Fig. 7. Discrimination diagram of origin of siliceous rocks in Zhaolaoyu Formation
图 8 赵老峪组硅质岩构造环境判别图解
a. Fe2O3/TiO2-Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)图解；b. 100×(Fe2O3/SiO2)-100×(Al2O3/SiO2)图解；据Murray（1994）
Fig. 8. Discrimination diagram of tectonic setting of silicalite in Zhaolaoyu Formation
图 9 华北地块南缘奥陶纪构造演化模式
Fig. 9. Tectonic evolution map of the southern margin of North China during Ordovician
表 1 赵老峪组硅质岩样品常量元素含量（%）
Table 1. Major elements data (%) in siliceous rocks of Zhaolaoyu Formation
样号 Fpg1 Fpg2 Fpg3 Fpg4 Fpg5 Fpg6 Fpg7 Fpg8 Fpg9 Fpg10 SiO2 36.0 36.2 86.7 85.6 84.7 84.3 83.7 83.4 75.3 76.0 TiO2 0.16 0.16 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.05 Al2O3 3.53 3.59 1.57 1.60 1.42 1.42 2.61 2.74 1.70 1.44 Fe2O3 1.27 1.29 0.58 0.60 0.46 0.47 0.86 0.89 0.55 0.47 MnO 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 MgO 4.79 4.83 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.63 1.81 1.81 0.90 0.80 CaO 26.1 25.6 4.45 4.74 5.47 5.53 3.54 3.54 10.7 10.4 Na2O 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 K2O 1.31 1.32 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.33 0.62 0.65 0.39 0.32 P2O5 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 LOI 26.8 26.5 5.63 5.90 6.42 6.73 6.28 6.31 10.4 10.1 Σ 100 99.5 100 99.5 99.5 99.6 99.6 99.5 100 99.6 Al* 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.69 MnO/TiO2 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.11 0.20 0.20 注：Al*=Al/(Al+Fe+Mn). 
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表 2 赵老峪组硅质岩样品稀土元素含量（10-6）
Table 2. Rare earth elements data (10-6) in siliceous rocks of Zhaolaoyu Formation
样号 Fpg1 Fpg2 Fpg3 Fpg4 Fpg5 Fpg6 Fpg7 Fpg8 Fpg9 Fpg10 La 15.7 15.8 4.59 4.71 5.49 5.85 11.0 11.3 5.53 4.87 Ce 36.0 36.3 9.00 9.32 10.1 10.8 19.6 19.9 10.1 8.95 Pr 3.58 3.66 1.05 1.07 1.18 1.28 2.36 2.39 1.22 1.07 Nd 13.9 14.1 3.88 3.98 4.41 4.78 8.47 8.54 4.46 3.93 Sm 2.70 2.73 0.76 0.76 0.85 0.91 1.53 1.57 0.85 0.74 Eu 0.53 0.53 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.33 0.32 0.20 0.18 Gd 2.51 2.53 0.69 0.71 0.79 0.85 1.30 1.32 0.79 0.71 Tb 0.36 0.36 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.18 0.11 0.10 Dy 2.15 2.18 0.60 0.60 0.68 0.72 1.04 1.05 0.71 0.62 Ho 0.42 0.43 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.13 Er 1.19 1.19 0.33 0.33 0.37 0.41 0.59 0.61 0.40 0.37 Tm 0.17 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.05 Yb 1.04 1.06 0.31 0.31 0.36 0.37 0.61 0.61 0.39 0.34 Lu 0.16 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.05 Y 13.9 13.7 3.49 3.62 4.22 4.42 6.02 6.13 4.76 4.19 ΣREE 94.3 94.9 25.2 25.9 29.0 31.0 53.4 54.3 29.8 26.3 δEu 0.96 0.95 1.30 1.28 1.21 1.12 1.10 1.05 1.15 1.17 δCe 1.11 1.10 0.95 0.96 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.90 0.90 LaN/YbN 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.12 1.13 1.17 1.33 1.37 1.05 1.06 LaN/CeN 0.91 0.91 1.06 1.05 1.13 1.13 1.17 1.18 1.14 1.13
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