Geochemistry and Significance of Paleoproterozoic Granitoids from Huangqikou, Central Helanshan Area
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摘要: 华北克拉通孔兹岩带内发育类型复杂的各类岩石，是记录和反演华北西部早期块体拼合以及岩浆作用、变质演化的重要对象，而其中段发育的出露面积广阔、岩性复杂的黄旗口花岗岩体的研究还较为薄弱.在野外地质和岩相学研究基础上，主要报道了贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩的主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成，对岩体的源区特征、成因及地质意义进行了探讨.黄旗口复式花岗岩体主要由早期正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩和晚期英云闪长岩组成.两期岩体具有高K2O（2.97%~6.71%）含量，A/CNK均大于1.1，但晚期侵入单元较早期岩石更贫硅、富铝.两期岩体都表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的特点，且强烈富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素.岩石87Sr/86Sr初始比值变化范围较大，可能是后期改造的结果；εNd（t）变化在+1.81~+4.90，对应的Nd同位素模式年龄TDM1为2.10~2.37 Ga，TDM2为2.10~2.35 Ga.这些特征表明黄旗口岩体为S型花岗岩，可能来自该区归属于孔兹岩的赵池沟组岩系的部分熔融，并可能有地幔岩浆的参与.结合区域变质、岩浆事件的综合研究成果，认为黄旗口不同期次的花岗岩具有造山带花岗岩的特征，分别形成于阴山地块和鄂尔多斯地块碰撞拼合以及造山后伸展的不同阶段.Abstract: Widespread rocks in the khondalite belt record magmatism, metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the North China craton (NCC). Whereas the further research on Huangqikou granitic plutons exposed in the central Helanshan area is needed to offer information about the genetic mechanisms and the dynamic backgroud. Based on the field geological and petrographic studies, major, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions were carried out on the Huangqikou granitic plutons, so as to discuss their petrogenesis, source characteristics and geological significance. The early intruded Huangqikou granites consist of alkali granite and monzogranite, while the later intrusions are mainly tonalite. The Huangqikou granites display typical geochemical characteristics of S-type granite, such as high contents of K2O (2.97%-6.71%), A/CNK>1.1. However, the later intrusions generally show lower SiO2 and higher Al2O3 relative to those early ones. All the studied granitic rocks show enriched LREE, and negative Eu anomalies. The samples generally show similar variation trend in the trace-element patterns, such as systematic enrichment of LILE (K, Rb, Th) and depletion of HFSE, e.g. Nb, Ta, P, Ti. All these geochemical features, combined with the majority of positive εNd(t)(+1.81-+4.90) and Paleoproterozoic Nd model ages (TDM1=2.10-2.37 Ga, TDM2=2.10-2.35 Ga), suggest that the Huangqikou granites were mainly derived from the partial melting of the sedimentary rocks in the Zhaochigou Formation, but probably with minor mafic magma contributed from the mantle. Combined with previous regional metamorphic and magmatic studies, it is suggested that the early and later intruded granitic rocks in the Huangqikou region belong to orogenic granitoids, and were probably formed during the collision between the Ordos and Yinshan blocks and post-collisional extension setting, respectively.
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Key words:
- granite /
- geochemistry /
- Sr-Nd isotope /
- petrogenesis /
- Huangqikou area of Helanshan area
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图 1 贺兰山中段黄旗口地区地质构造简图
修改自宁夏国土资源调查监测院(2013，贺兰山中段1:5万区域地质调查成果报告)；图a为华北克拉通构造单元划分简图，修改自Zhao et al.(2005)，其中白框所示为工作区(东经105°45′~106°00′，北纬38°30′~38°40′)
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of Huangqikou in central Helanshan area
图 2 贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩野外特征
a.野外早晚两期岩体接触界线；b.黄旗口岩体中的捕掳体；c.岩体中穿插的辉绿岩脉；d.大口子沟出露的石榴石花岗岩
Fig. 2. Field characteristics of the Huangqikou granites in central Helanshan
图 3 贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩体岩相学特征
a.石榴石花岗岩的镜下显微特征，1966-1；b.二长花岗岩中矿物组合：Q(石英)+Mi(微斜长石)+Pl(斜长石)+Bi(黑云母)，401-13-2；c.英云闪长岩中矿物组合：Q(石英)+Pl(斜长石)+Bi(黑云母)+Ms(白云母)，401-6-1
Fig. 3. Petrographic characteristics of the Huangqikou granites in central Helanshan
图 4 贺兰山中段黄旗口和白杨沟岩体TAS图解
Fig. 4. Plot of SiO2 vs. Na2O+K2O of the Huangqikou and Baiyanggou granitic plutons in central Helanshan
图 5 贺兰山中段黄旗口和白杨沟岩体的A/NK-A/CNK(a)和K2O-SiO2(b)关系
图a据Maniar and Piccoli(1989), 图b据Rickwood(1989)
Fig. 5. Plots of A/CNK vs. A/NK (a) and SiO2 vs. K2O (b) of the Huangqikou and Baiyanggou granitic plutons in central Helanshan
图 6 贺兰山中段黄旗口和白杨沟岩体主量元素哈克图解
Fig. 6. Harker diagrams of major elements of the Huangqikou and Baiyanggou granitic plutons in central Helanshan
图 7 贺兰山中段黄旗口及白杨沟岩体稀土元素配分图(a，c)和微量元素蛛网图(b，d)
球粒陨石、原始地幔数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, c) and primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams (b, d) for the Huangqikou and Baiyanggou granitic plutons in central Helanshan
图 8 贺兰山中段黄旗口和白杨沟花岗岩的Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr图解
其他样品数据来自Sylvester (1998)
Fig. 8. Plot of Rb/Ba vs. Rb/Sr of the granitic rocks from the Huangqikou and Baiyanggou area in central Helanshan
表 1 贺兰山中段黄旗口和白杨沟岩体Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 1. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the Huangqikou and Baiyanggou granitic plutons in central Helanshan
样品编号 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 2σ (87Sr/86Sr)i 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 2σ εNd(t) TDM1(Ma) TDM2(Ma) D0509-1 早期岩体 4.700 0.831 67 6 0.692 84 0.131 7 0.511 982 7 4.35 2 162 2 146 101-3-1 4.492 0.839 92 4 0.707 24 0.125 2 0.511 766 8 1.81 2 374 2 349 401-2-1 4.458 0.814 90 5 0.683 22 0.125 8 0.511 879 5 3.89 2 194 2 183 401-8-1 3.448 0.804 52 4 0.702 68 0.128 1 0.511 853 9 2.77 2 299 2 272 401-10-1 3.246 0.785 58 4 0.689 71 0.107 6 0.511 685 7 4.90 2 097 2 102 401-12-3 1.437 0.744 73 5 0.702 28 0.102 7 0.511 576 4 4.06 2 153 2 169 101-7-2 晚期岩体 1.361 0.754 52 4 0.717 28 0.116 4 0.511 744 4 2.16 2 193 2 198 101-4-1 5.906 0.842 90 6 0.681 40 0.129 3 0.511 933 8 2.69 2 190 2 156 401-7-1 2.157 0.759 79 5 0.700 79 0.106 8 0.511 629 4 2.24 2 161 2 192 D1514-4 白杨沟 1.028 0.761 76 6 0.731 39 0.1161 0.511 810 13 5.10 2 085 2 086 D1514-13 3.381 0.771 21 5 0.671 35 0.1174 0.511 703 5 2.64 2 281 2 283 注：(87Sr/86Sr)i=(87Sr/86Sr)S-(87Rb/86Sr)S× (eλt-1), λ=1.42×10-11 a-1; εNd(t)=[(143Nd/144Nd)S/(143Nd/144Nd)CHUR(t)-1]×104, TDM1=1/λ×ln{1+[((143Nd/144Nd)S-(143Nd/144Nd)DM)/((147Sm/144Nd)S-(147Sm/144Nd)DM)]}; TDM2=1/λ×ln{1+[(143Nd/144Nd)S-(143Nd/144Nd)DM-((147Sm/144Nd)S-(147Sm/144Nd)C)×(eλt-1)]/[(147Sm/144Nd)C-(147Sm/144Nd)DM]}，公式中的下标S、CHUR、DM、C分别表示样品测量值、球粒陨石值、亏损地幔值、大陆地壳平均值，(143Nd/144Nd)DM=0.513 15，(147Sm/144Nd)DM=0.213 7，(147Sm/144Nd)C=0.118，λ=6.54×10-12 a-1；t为岩浆结晶年龄，早期岩体为2.05 Ga，晚期岩体为1.90 Ga. 
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