Sedimentary Architecture, Distribution Features and Genesis of Steep Slope Fan in Upper Liushagang Formation, Weixi'nan Sag
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摘要: 断裂陡坡带是沉积盆地重要的油气勘探区，对其扇体展布规律及其控制因素展开研究可揭示储层发育规律，指导油气勘探.综合利用录井、测井、三维地震资料，并结合区域轻重矿物、岩心沉积构造与粒度分析，对涠西南凹陷流一段沉积时期一号断裂陡坡带扇体的沉积类型及展布特征进行研究.结果显示陡坡扇体的发育具有明显分区性：陡坡西段发育大型下切沟谷，发育的扇体规模较大，呈不对称朵状，以粗粒的砂质碎屑流沉积为特征；陡坡中段发育带狭长水道的小型扇体，以发育悬移质为主的浊流沉积为特征；陡坡东段发育一系列小型沟谷水道及对应的对称状扇体.结合边界断裂活动、物源区母岩类型及古地貌分布特征分析，揭示了物源、构造、古地貌等要素对扇体的控制作用.陡坡西侧边界断裂活动较强、处于断层转换部位、物源供给充分，为大型粗质扇体形成提供条件；而陡坡中段与东段断裂活动和物源供给较弱、地形平缓，使其扇体发育规模相对较小.Abstract: Using high quality 3D seismic data, combining analyses of light and heavy minerals, core observation and sand grain size distributions, sedimentary architecture and distribution features of steep slope fan in Upper Liushagang Formation of Weixi'nan Sag have been investigated in this study. These features vary along the NO.1 border fault:In the western part of steep slope belt, large-scale incised valleys developed, producing large-scale sub-lacustrine fans, which are characterized by thick beds of debris flow deposits; While in the middle part, small-scale channelized turbidite sub-lacustrine fans dominated; In eastern part, a series of small-scale symmetrical fans were located along the border fault, with sparse valleys present. Lateral variations of sediment supply, geomorphology and subsidence rate induced by multiple stages of border fault activity are considered the controlling factors:Fault slope in western part feeds coarser sediments from larger drainages. Meanwhile, large-scale incised valleys and complex morphology allow the growth of larger, asymmetrical fan lobes; On the other hand, fault slopes in the middle and eastern part with planar style and ramp-flat structure, respectively, provide a limited supply to multiple small fans.
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Key words:
- border fault /
- Weixi'nan sag /
- fan distribution /
- controlling factors /
- paleogeomorphology /
- oil-gas geology
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图 1 涠西南凹陷（a）区域位置图，（b）地层系统，（c）构造格架剖面图
Fig. 1. Geological map (a), stratum system (b) and structural framework (c) of Weixi'nan Sag
图 2 涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段连井对比图
Fig. 2. Correlations of well logs along steep slope belt in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag
图 3 涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段砂岩组分特征
Fig. 3. Rock composition of steep slope belt in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag
图 4 WZ11-X-2、WZ5-Y-2岩心沉积构造特征
a.粗砂岩，含不规则状大型泥砾，WZ11-X-2井，2 129.83 m；b.块状粗砂岩与上覆细砂岩呈突变接触，WZ11-X-2井，2 128.68 m；c.块状含砾粗砂岩上覆泥岩呈突变接触，WZ11-X-2井，2 123.01 m；d.中细砂岩，相序中上部含大型泥砾，底部含小型泥岩撕裂屑，WZ11-X-2井，2 117.36 m；e.泥岩撕裂屑，非定向排列，2 121.35 m；f.细砂岩，上部含泥砾，WZ5-Y-2井，2 895.20 m；g.细砂岩，与上覆泥岩突变接触，WZ5-Y-2井，2 895.64 m；h.中-细砂岩，可见正韵律，WZ5-Y-2井，2 894.35 m；o.中-细砂岩，可见正韵律及冲刷面，WZ5-Y-2井，2 892.00 m
Fig. 4. Sedimentary-architectural characteristics of WZ11-X-2 and WZ5-Y-2
图 5 涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段砂岩粒度分布
Fig. 5. Sandstone grain size distribution of steep slope belt in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag
图 6 （a）涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段ZTR指数等值线分布图，（b）重矿物相对含量
Fig. 6. (a)ZTR isoline of steep slope belt in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag, (b) Characteristic distribution of heavy minerals
图 7 涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段扇体不同区域展布特征
Fig. 7. Distribution features of steep slope fan in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag
图 8 涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段扇体平面分布与古地理格局叠合图
Fig. 8. Plane distribution of steep slope fan in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag
图 10 涠西南凹陷陡坡带流一段断层活动与构造样式分布特征
a.流一段T5~T4地层厚度图; b.不同位置构造组合样式; c.流二段沉积时期一号断层活动特征; d.流一段沉积时期一号断层活动特征
Fig. 10. Tectonic activities and fault structure of steep slope belt in Upper Liushagang Fm, Weixi'nan Sag
图 9 沿边界断层走向地层分布特征（沿流一段顶界T4拉平剖面，位置见图 8）
Fig. 9. Stratigraphic framework along No.1 border fault, Weixi'nan Sag
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