纳米材料在土壤重金属污染修复中的应用

崔岩山; 王鹏飞; 琚宜文

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.425

纳米材料在土壤重金属污染修复中的应用

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.425

崔岩山^1,2, ,,
王鹏飞^1,2,
琚宜文^3, ,

1.
中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
2.
中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
3.
中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049

基金项目:

项目编号

详细信息

作者简介:
崔岩山(1972-), 男, 教授, 主要从事土壤污染修复技术及土壤、食物中污染物的人体健康风险

通讯作者:
琚宜文

琚宜文

中图分类号: P69
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-11-11
- 刊出日期: 2018-05-15

Progress of Applications of Nanomaterials in Soil Heavy Metal Remediation

Cui Yanshan^{1,2
, ,},
Wang Pengfei^1,2,
Ju Yiwen^{3
, ,}

1.
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academey of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
3.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 重金属污染土壤的修复一直是国内外环境研究者关注的重点环境问题之一.近年来，纳米材料在土壤重金属污染修复中的应用也受到了越来越多的关注.综述了主要纳米材料及其改性材料修复土壤重金属的应用、纳米材料的组合技术应用以及影响纳米材料修复土壤重金属效果的主要因素，提出了今后该领域应重点加强研发新的纳米材料，同时提高其在土壤中的扩散能力，研究从室内实验到田间实验的应用；进一步深入探讨了纳米材料在土壤中的环境行为及相关机理等，以期充分理解并进一步推动纳米材料在土壤重金属污染修复中的应用.
- 土壤 /
- 重金属 /
- 纳米材料 /
- 修复 /
- 环境地质
Abstract: Soil heavy metal contamination is one of the key environmental problems around the world and the application of nanomaterials in soil heavy metal remediation has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, nanomaterial/modified nanomaterial application, application of nanotechnology combined with other soil remediation technologies and main factors affecting the nanomaterials application in soil heavy metal remediation are summarized. It is suggested that new nanomaterials should be developed which feature the enhanced diffusion in soil, and fast transformation from laboratory experiments to field applications. In addition, environmental behavior of the nanomaterials and their remediation mechanism should be explored. This paper will help to fully understand and further promote the application of nanomaterials in soil heavy metal remediation.
- soil /
- heavy metal /
- nanomaterial /
- remediation /
- environmental geology

HTML全文

表 1 应用于土壤重金属污染修复的典型纳米材料

Table 1. Typical nanomaterials for soil heavy metal remediation

纳米材料	目标金属	效果	文献
		纳米型矿物
纳米羟基磷灰石	Pb、Cu、Cd等	CaCl₂提取态金属含量显著降低，黑麦草中重金属显著降低.	Wei et al., 2016
纳米沸石	Cd	对Cd的吸附与对照相比，提高12倍.	Ghrair et al., 2010
生物炭负载纳米羟基磷灰石	Pb	生物炭负载纳米羟基磷灰石效果好；芥蓝中Pb的含量显著降低，最高降低87%.	Yang et al., 2016a, 2016b
介孔硅纳米材料	Cd	有效态Cd含量下降63%~93%；水稻籽粒中Cd含量从0.363 mg/kg降到0.020 7 mg/kg.	吴迎奔等，2016
		纳米金属氧化物
纳米针铁矿	U(Ⅵ)	纳米针铁矿对U(Ⅵ)的吸附显著高于粘土矿物.	Jung et al., 2016
纳米磁铁矿	As	对砷的吸附效果较好.	Michalkova et al., 2016
纳米赤铁矿	As等	适合沙质土壤中As的去除.	Shipley et al., 2011
纳米TiO₂	Cr、Pb等	促进残渣态和可氧化态Cr以及可氧化态和酸可交换态Pb释放.	张金洋等，2016
纳米TiO₂	Cd	抑制了土壤镉毒性，增加大豆对镉的累积，有利于植物修复.	Singh and Lee, 2016
纳米金属Ca/CaO	As、Cd、Cr和Pb	95%~99%的重金属被固定.	Mallampati et al., 2014
		零价金属材料
纳米零价铁	As	砷的分级提取，降低土壤砷的生物有效性，减少大麦砷的吸收.	Gil-Díaz et al., 2016
纳米零价铁	As、Hg	砷、汞的生物有效性显著降低，植物毒性显著降低.	Gil-Díaz et al., 2017a
表面改性纳米铁	Cu	毒性淋溶提取试验TCLP判定，淋溶出的Cu减少.	陈喆等，2017
纳米硒	Hg	室内实验发现，39%~57%的HgO转化为HgSe，降低了Hg的移动性.	Wang et al., 2017b
纳米零价Fe/Cu	Cr(Ⅵ)	Cr(Ⅵ)的还原，还原效果较好.	Zhu et al., 2016
		纳米金属硫化物
FeS	As	砂质土壤中砷的生物有效性显著降低.	张美一和潘纲，2009
羧甲基纤维素包覆FeS	Cd、Cr、Cu等	重金属的淋洗效果增加.	van Koetsem et al., 2016
		纳米炭
纳米炭黑	Pb	促进了黑麦草吸收Pb.	Liang et al., 2017
改性纳米炭黑	Cu和Zn	重金属生物有效性降低；Cu和Zn在黑麦草地上部积累量降低.	Cheng et al., 2014

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