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    珠江口外海域滨海断裂带沿构造走向的变化特征

    熊成 曹敬贺 孙金龙 夏少红 万奎元 范朝焰 杨碧峰

    熊成, 曹敬贺, 孙金龙, 夏少红, 万奎元, 范朝焰, 杨碧峰, 2018. 珠江口外海域滨海断裂带沿构造走向的变化特征. 地球科学, 43(10): 3682-3697. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.553
    引用本文: 熊成, 曹敬贺, 孙金龙, 夏少红, 万奎元, 范朝焰, 杨碧峰, 2018. 珠江口外海域滨海断裂带沿构造走向的变化特征. 地球科学, 43(10): 3682-3697. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.553
    Xiong Cheng, Cao Jinghe, Sun Jinlong, Xia Shaohong, Wan Kuiyuan, Fan Chaoyan, Yang Bifeng, 2018. Variation Characteristics along the Strike of the Littoral Fault Zone in Offshore Pearl River Estuary. Earth Science, 43(10): 3682-3697. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.553
    Citation: Xiong Cheng, Cao Jinghe, Sun Jinlong, Xia Shaohong, Wan Kuiyuan, Fan Chaoyan, Yang Bifeng, 2018. Variation Characteristics along the Strike of the Littoral Fault Zone in Offshore Pearl River Estuary. Earth Science, 43(10): 3682-3697. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.553

    珠江口外海域滨海断裂带沿构造走向的变化特征

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.553
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41376060

    中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室开放基金项目 MSGL15-05

    国家自然科学基金项目 41576046

    国家自然科学基金项目 41506046

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      熊成(1993-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事海洋地球物理研究

      通讯作者:

      孙金龙

    • 中图分类号: P738.4

    Variation Characteristics along the Strike of the Littoral Fault Zone in Offshore Pearl River Estuary

    • 摘要: 珠江口外海域滨海断裂带是南海北部陆缘重要的控震和发震构造,其研究关系到区域防震抗震、地壳稳定性评价及对南海构造演化的认识.为探明滨海断裂带沿构造走向上的变化特征,对2015年珠江口海陆联测数据进行了处理,使用射线追踪、走时模拟等方法,获得了珠江口西侧的地壳纵波速度结构模型和滨海断裂带在珠江口地区的发育位置和构造形态等信息.结果显示,珠江口西侧滨海断裂带总体倾向SE,向下可能延伸至莫霍面;沉积层在断裂带陆侧较薄,在滨海断裂带处突然增厚;断裂带内地壳速度为5.3~6.7 km/s,相对两侧地壳表现出低速特征;莫霍面的埋深由断裂带陆侧的28.5 km抬升至其海侧的24.5 km;海陆两侧的地壳结构具有明显的非均一性.对比前人在珠江口东侧的研究成果,珠江口外滨海断裂带总体形态特征相似,但也表现出明显的差异,自东向西,断裂带内部的结构形态从简单变得复杂,逐渐发育明显的阶梯状断层;北界断裂从断距很大的陡崖式正断层逐渐转变为断距较小的低角度正断层,且北界断裂的位置向北错动了一段距离,断裂带内的低速异常则逐渐变弱.本研究不但可以加深对滨海断裂带浅、深部结构的认识,而且还能为研究南海北部陆缘的发震构造提供参考.

       

    • 图  1  华南陆块与南海北部陆缘地震活动及构造

      台网记录地震数据来自中国地震台网;历史地震据陈恩民和黄咏茵(1984)许振栋(2006);断裂及构造单元据程世秀等(2012), Zhu et al.(2012)和叶青等(2017)

      Fig.  1.  Seismicity and tectonics in and around the research area

      图  2  2015年珠江口区域海陆联合地震探测站位和测线

      蓝色实线为本文研究测线

      Fig.  2.  Profiles and array deployed in the onshore-offshore deep seismic survey in research area in 2015

      图  3  珠江口区域地震活动、断裂分布及构造单元

      红色实线为本文使用多道反射地震测线,深红色实线为2015年前该区完成的海陆联测测线

      Fig.  3.  Tectonic settings in Pearl River Estuary

      图  4  反射地震剖面上的滨海断裂带形态

      a、b、c分别对应S6、S3和MW测线,黄色圆圈代表OBS位置,测线位置见图 3

      Fig.  4.  Geometries of the LFZ desplayed on the reflection seismic profiles

      图  5  OBS08台站地震记录剖面及射线追踪

      a.OBS08台站地震剖面,折合速度为6 km/s;b.OBS08台站震相拾取;c.纵波速度结构模型和射线追踪;d.OBS08台站实测走时(彩色)和理论走时(黑色); T为实际走时,D为偏移距

      Fig.  5.  Seismic record section and ray tracing simulation of OBS08

      图  6  OBS12台站地震记录剖面及射线追踪

      a.OBS12台站地震剖面,折合速度为6 km/s;b.OBS12台站震相拾取;c.纵波速度结构模型和射线追踪;d.OBS12台站实测走时(彩色)和理论走时(黑色).T为实际走时,D为偏移距

      Fig.  6.  Seismic record section and ray tracing simulation of OBS12

      图  7  OBS16台站地震记录剖面及射线追踪

      a.OBS16台站地震剖面,折合速度为6 km/s;b.OBS16台站震相拾取;c.纵波速度结构模型和射线追踪;d.OBS16台站实测走时(彩色)和理论走时(黑色).T为实际走时,D为偏移距

      Fig.  7.  Seismic record section and ray tracing simulation of OBS16

      图  8  MW测线地震纵波速度结构模型

      a.MW测线地最终速度模型,白色圆点代表OBS位置;b.射线密度分布图;c.射线追踪图;d.走时拟合,T为实际走时,D为偏移距,折合速度为6 km/s

      Fig.  8.  P-wave velocity structure of MW profile

      图  9  OOS2010-1测线地壳速度结构

      曹敬贺等(2014a, 2014b),测线位置见图 3

      Fig.  9.  The crustal velocity structure of the seismic line OOS2010-1

      图  10  台站地震剖面中记录的走时滞后现象

      a.MW测线OBS12台站地震剖面;b.OOS2010-1测线担杆岛台地震剖,据曹敬贺等(2014b);c.OOS2004测线香港天文台铅矿凹台地震剖面,据夏少红等(2008b)

      Fig.  10.  The traveltime lag on seismic profiles

      表  1  OBS台站震相拾取数量、走时拟合残差和卡方值

      Table  1.   Number of traveltimes, RMS misfit and normalized χ2 for different OBS stations

      地震台站 分量 水深(s) 震相数 RMS(s) 卡方值
      OBS08 hydrophone 35 1 213 0.066 1.327
      OBS10 hydrophone 42 1 103 0.060 1.342
      OBS11 hydrophone 45 1 166 0.068 1.224
      OBS12 hydrophone 51 1 002 0.058 1.094
      OBS13 hydrophone 55 1 127 0.053 1.086
      OBS16 hydrophone 81 1 050 0.061 1.163
      Total 6 661 0.061 1.204
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  各震相走时拟合残差和卡方值

      Table  2.   RMS misfit and normalized χ2 for different phases

      震相 拾取震相数量 不确定度(ms) RMS(s) 卡方值
      Pw 65 50 0.065 1.724
      Ps 196 80 0.066 0.676
      Pg1 3 330 50 0.066 1.759
      Pg2 323 80 0.034 0.178
      PmP 2 134 80 0.058 0.747
      Pn 613 80 0.053 0.434
      Total 6 661 0.063 1.287
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  珠江口两侧滨海断裂带不同层位低速异常值

      Table  3.   Low velocity anomaly at different layers in the Littoral Fault Zone at both sides of Pearl River Estuary

      位置 沉积层低速异常ΔV(km/s) 上地壳低速异常ΔV(km/s) 下地壳低速异常ΔV(km/s)
      珠江口西侧 0.2~0.5 0.1~0.3 0.1
      珠江口东侧 0.8~0.9 0.3~0.4 0.2
      下载: 导出CSV
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