Tectonothermal Evolution of Fangshan Pluton: Constraints from (U-Th)/He Ages
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摘要: 房山岩体位于华北克拉通北缘，明确其中-新生代的隆升剥露过程及构造演化史可以为华北克拉通的构造演化提供有力证据.运用锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石（U-Th）/He及锆石（U-Th）/He等构造热年代学研究方法，综合房山岩体高、中、低温热年代学资料，重建了房山岩体的构造-热演化历史，并根据不同矿物的封闭温度差（ΔT）和与之对应冷却年龄差（Δt）的关系，计算侵入岩体在不同构造热演化阶段的抬升冷却速率，分析了岩体隆升速率的变化特征，结合前人研究成果进一步探讨了房山岩体隆升过程的基本特点.研究表明，房山侵入岩体构造热演化分为4个阶段：（1）130.0~123.5 Ma，侵位岩浆结晶-固结阶段，岩体平均冷却速率高达88.46 ℃/Ma；（2）123.5~56.0 Ma，岩体相对缓慢冷却阶段，平均冷却速率为0.74 ℃/Ma，平均隆升速率为29.6 m/Ma；（3）56~35 Ma，岩体相对快速冷却阶段，平均冷却速率为6.90 ℃/Ma，隆升速率为276.0 m/Ma；（4）35 Ma以来，岩体相对缓慢冷却阶段，平均冷却速率为1.0 ℃/Ma，隆升速率为40.0 m/Ma，构造趋于稳定.结合区域构造动力学环境的研究，分析了房山岩体构造热演化可能的动力学成因，认为房山岩体阶段性抬升冷却可能与华北克拉通东部太平洋板块的俯冲作用、南北两侧陆内俯冲造山作用和西南部印度-欧亚大陆碰撞、青藏高原隆升等远程构造挤压有关.房山岩体的形成及相对快速抬升冷却阶段分别对应于华北克拉通两期重要的破坏高峰.Abstract: The Fangshan pluton is located on the northern margin of the North China craton, and its uplift-exhumation and tectonothermal evolution in Mesozoic and Cenozoic can provide evidence for tectonic evolution of the North China craton. The tectonothermal history of the Fangshan pluton is reconstructed by the zircon fission track, apatite (U-Th)/He and zircon (U-Th)/He structural thermochronology based on the high-, middle-and low-temperature geochronological data in this paper. According to the relationship between the temperature difference (ΔT) and the cooling age difference (Δt) of different minerals, in this paper it calculates the cooling rate at different stages of thermal history and analyzes the characteristics of the cooling rate changes and the characteristics of uplift process of the Fangshan pluton based on previous research results. The results reveal four phases of tectonothermal history of the Fangshan pluton:(1) the crystallization and consolidation stage of emplaced magma during 130.0-123.5 Ma at the average cooling rate of 88.46 ℃/Ma; (2) the first slow cooling stage of the Fangshan pluton during 123.5-56.0 Ma at the average cooling rate of 0.74 ℃/Ma and the average uplift rate of 29.6 m/Ma; (3) the fast cooling stage of the Fangshan pluton during 56-35 Ma at the average cooling rate of 6.90 ℃/Ma and the average uplift rate of 276.0 m/Ma; (4)the second slow cooling stage of the Fangshan pluton since 35 Ma at the average cooling rate of 1.0 ℃/Ma and the average uplift rate of 40.0 m/Ma. The tectonic activity tends to be stable. The possible dynamic causes of thermal history of the Fangshan pluton were analyzed considering regional tectonic dynamics. The differential uplift-cooling may be associated with the subduction of the eastern Pacific plate of the North China craton, the intracontinental subduction orogeny on both sides of the south and the north, India-Eurasia collision in the southwestern China and the tectonic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The formation and the fast cooling stage of the Fangshan pluton respectively correspond to two important uplift erosion processes in the North China craton.
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Key words:
- Fangshan pluton /
- tectonothermal evolution /
- (U-Th)/He /
- zircon fission track /
- North China craton /
- petroleum geology /
- tectonics
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图 3 房山岩体磷灰石、锆石(U-Th)/He热史模拟路径
Fig. 3. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He modeling thermal paths of the Fangshan pluton
表 1 房山岩体锆石裂变径迹年龄测试结果
Table 1. Measured fission track age of zircon of the Fangshan pluton
样品号 N(颗) ρs(105 cm2) Ns(条) U(10-6) P(χ2)(%) 年龄(Ma) ±1σ(Ma) FS-02 30 5.9 594 57.3 > 39 110.5 10.3 注：N.锆石颗粒数；ρs.自发裂变径迹密度；Ns.自发裂变径迹总数；P(χ2).裂变径迹年龄的检测值；锆石筛选单位：河北省廊坊区域地质调查所；测试单位：巴西Chronus Camp Research热年代学实验室. 
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表 2 房山岩体磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄测试结果
Table 2. Measured (U-Th)/He ages of apatite of the Fangshan pluton
样品号 Th/U 质量(μg) U(10-6) Ft 年龄(Ma) ±1σ(Ma) eU(10-6) 4He(nmol/g) 半径(μm) FS-01-1 2.5 13.1 7.9 0.8 30.6 1.9 12.6 0.5 50.9 FS-01-2 4.6 7.2 8.7 0.8 35.6 2.2 18.1 0.4 39.0 FS-01-3 4.2 21.1 5.5 0.8 34.4 2.1 11.0 0.8 56.8 注：Ft.4He的总保存率，即α射出效应的校正参数；eU=U+0.235Th，有效铀浓度；测试单位：美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校(U-Th)/He实验室.
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表 3 房山岩体锆石(U-Th)/He年龄测试结果
Table 3. Measured (U-Th)/He ages of zircon of the Fangshan pluton
样品号 Th/U 质量(μg) U(10-6) Ft 年龄(Ma) ±8%(Ma) eU(10-6) 4He(nmol/g) 半径(μm) zFS-01-1 0.40 3.1 211.3 0.70 55.3 4.40 232.2 50.2 41.3 zFS-01-2 0.70 2.9 123.2 0.70 60.6 4.80 141.8 33.2 40.4 zFS-01-3 0.70 7.1 61.7 0.80 54.0 4.30 71.2 16.4 55.6 zFS-02-1 0.87 4.32 94.1 0.74 64.2 5.13 113.0 29.3 46.22 zFS-02-2 0.67 6.53 56.3 0.78 73.7 5.90 65.1 20.2 53.15 zFS-02-3 0.78 6.00 94.7 0.76 73.1 5.85 111.7 33.9 50.09 zFS-02-4 0.79 8.47 79.3 0.79 69.4 5.55 93.7 28.0 57.89 注：Ft.4He的总保存率，即α射出效应的校正参数；eU=U+0.235Th，有效铀浓度；测试单位：澳大利亚墨尔本大学低温热年代学实验室.
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表 4 房山岩体热年代学分析结果
Table 4. Thermochronological analysis of the Fangshan pluton
测年方法 年龄(Ma) 封闭温度(℃) 数据来源 锆石U-Pb 130.7±1.4 750~900 蔡剑辉等(2005) 榍石U-Pb 129.5±2.0 600~700 Wu et al.(2014) 角闪石Ar-Ar 132.8±0.1 500~600 桑海清等(2007)；Sun et al.(2010) 角闪石Kr-Ar 129.4±0.12133.3±1.5 400~550 翟鹏济等(2003)；桑海清等(2006)；Sun et al.(2010) 磷灰石U-Pb 135.0±10.0 450~550 Wu et al.(2014) 黑云母Ar-Ar 132.7±0.1 300~400 桑海清等(2006)；Sun et al.(2010) 黑云母Kr-Ar 129.4±0.12132.8±1.3 260~350 翟鹏济等(2003)；桑海清等(2006)；Sun et al.(2010) 磷灰石裂变径迹 45.2±2.2 65~120 翟鹏济等(2003) 榍石裂变径迹 123.5±4.8 200~300 翟鹏济等(2003) 磷灰石(U-Th)/He 34.4±2.1 40~75 - 锆石裂变径迹 110.5±10.3 210~240 - 锆石(U-Th)/He 55.3±4.4 130~210 -
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