Provenance Characteristics of Kalamaili Formation in Northeastern Margin of Junggar Basin: Constraints of Geochemistry and Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地东北缘广泛发育泥盆纪卡拉麦里组,其形成时代与构造背景一直备受争议.对卡拉麦里组碎屑岩开展岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究,结果显示:卡拉麦里组形成于斜坡-半深海沉积环境,具浊积岩特征.砂岩样品SiO2含量高,Al2O3/SiO2比值低,K2O/Na2O比值高,REE配分曲线总体表现为右倾,ΣLREE/ΣHREE=4.81~8.03,δEu=0.59~0.80,Eu具有弱负异常,构造环境判别图解揭示卡拉麦里组砂岩物源区构造背景为被动大陆边缘.砂岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定表明,锆石年龄分为2期,主要为393~524 Ma,其次是823~3 077 Ma,表明卡拉麦里组物源区地质体时代主要为早古生代和前寒武纪,分别对应于准噶尔盆地周缘早古生代造山带和前寒武纪结晶基底.综合分析认为,卡拉麦里组形成时代为早-中泥盆世,沉积于准噶尔地块东北缘被动陆缘一侧.中泥盆世开始,卡拉麦里古生代洋盆持续向北俯冲消减,形成了野马泉岛弧及其弧前沉积体系,最终闭合于早石炭世之前.Abstract: The Devonian Kalamaili Formation is widely exposed in the northeastern margin of Junggar basin, while its depositional age and tectonic setting are still in debate. In this study, an integrated analysis of petrology, geochemistry and isotope chronology for the Kalamaili Formation was carried out. The results show that the Kalamaili Formation, characterized by turbidite features, was mainly deposited in the slope and semi-deep ocean. Geochemically, the Kalamaili Formation sandstone is characterized by high SiO2, low Al2O3/SiO2 and high K2O/Na2O. The REE distributing patterns show rightward incline and weaker negative Eu anomaly (ΣLREE/ΣHREE=4.81-8.03, δEu=0.59-0.80). Tectonic-setting discrimination diagrams of the Kalamaili Formation sandstone indicate a passive-margin tectonic setting. The detrital zircon age spectrum of the Kalamaili Formation sandstone was composed of two age groups, including 393-524 Ma and 823-3 077 Ma, which correspond to the Early Paleozoic orogenic belt and Precambrian crystalline basement of Junggar basin, respectively. It is concluded that the Kalamaili Formation was deposited in a passive-margin of the northeastern Junggar block during the Early-Middle Devonian.Since the Middle Devonian, the Paleozoic Kalamaili Ocean subducted northward continuously, and then formed the Yemaquan island arc and related forearc sedimentary system, and finally the Kalamaili Ocean closed prior to the Early Carboniferous.
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图 1 准噶尔盆地东北缘地质简图
图a据白建科等(2014)修改;图b据白建科等(2018)修改
Fig. 1. Geological map of the northeastern margin of Junggar basin
图 5 卡拉麦里组砂岩球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线(a)和上地壳标准化微量元素模式(b)
球粒陨石标准化数据引自Boynton(1984);上地壳标准化数据引自Taylor and McLennan(1985)
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and upper crust-normalized trace element patterns (b) of the sandstones from the Kalamaili Formation
表 1 卡拉麦里组砂岩样品主量(%)和稀土、微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1. Contents of major elements (%) and REE, trace elements (10-6) of the sandstone samples from the Kalamaili Formation
样品号 WCW-1h WCW-2h WCW-3h WCW-4h WCW-5h WCW-6h WCW-7h WCW-8h WCW-9h SiO2 63.75 67.50 77.53 74.06 79.41 72.78 65.19 69.68 74.24 Al2O3 12.55 11.52 9.99 12.60 9.66 12.54 15.24 16.01 11.21 Fe2O3 3.40 3.30 1.90 0.80 0.97 0.67 0.73 0.68 2.17 FeO 2.99 2.49 1.42 1.52 1.33 3.33 1.86 1.44 1.94 CaO 7.21 3.00 1.14 1.30 1.01 0.91 3.84 1.15 2.10 MgO 3.38 1.73 0.93 0.86 0.80 1.38 0.69 0.49 1.66 K2O 1.87 1.56 1.54 2.36 1.54 0.63 0.17 0.10 1.23 Na2O 2.30 2.24 2.89 3.46 2.77 5.06 7.82 8.55 2.50 TiO2 0.67 0.65 0.38 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.41 0.40 0.44 P2O5 0.11 0.10 0.14 0.22 0.15 0.08 0.21 0.09 0.08 MnO 0.54 0.32 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.07 0.11 LOI 1.09 5.58 2.08 2.35 1.89 2.03 3.63 1.34 2.34 Total 99.86 99.99 100.02 100.03 100.03 100.02 100.00 100.00 100.02 La 17.7 19.8 20.0 30.8 20.0 30.9 22.7 17.0 20.1 Ce 39.8 43.5 42.9 71.9 45.3 60.5 43.5 42.2 41.9 Pr 4.75 5.45 5.44 9.56 5.74 7.15 6.81 5.81 5.07 Nd 18.5 21.6 21.7 39.7 23.3 28.0 29.7 24.6 20.5 Sm 4.36 5.03 4.25 7.69 4.46 5.37 6.70 5.71 4.18 Eu 1.11 0.95 0.95 1.64 0.93 1.27 1.39 1.16 1.03 Gd 4.38 4.66 3.73 6.66 3.77 4.23 5.75 4.77 3.50 Tb 0.76 0.78 0.67 1.14 0.66 0.76 1.00 0.86 0.61 Dy 4.51 4.46 4.18 6.91 4.25 4.38 6.07 5.24 3.41 Ho 0.86 0.88 0.88 1.44 0.90 0.89 1.29 1.07 0.70 Er 2.31 2.46 2.40 3.99 2.44 2.47 3.59 2.95 1.95 Tm 0.34 0.38 0.38 0.60 0.37 0.41 0.57 0.48 0.28 Yb 2.28 2.51 2.51 3.66 2.42 2.98 4.10 3.40 2.05 Lu 0.33 0.37 0.38 0.53 0.34 0.47 0.65 0.54 0.30 ΣREE 101.99 112.83 110.37 186.22 114.88 149.78 133.82 115.79 105.58 LREE 86.22 96.33 95.24 161.29 99.73 133.19 110.80 96.48 92.78 HREE 15.77 16.50 15.13 24.93 15.15 16.59 23.02 19.31 12.80 LREE/HREE 5.47 5.84 6.30 6.47 6.58 8.03 4.81 5.00 7.25 δEu 0.77 0.59 0.71 0.68 0.68 0.79 0.67 0.66 0.80 δCe 0.99 1.01 0.99 1.02 1.02 0.96 0.85 1.04 0.99 (La/Yb)N 5.57 5.66 5.72 6.04 5.93 7.44 3.97 3.60 7.03 Li 48.90 37.20 10.90 10.80 7.05 26.20 12.50 10.70 22.60 Sc 5.960 3.700 1.210 1.120 0.990 0.570 0.140 0.086 1.300 Cr 72.8 63.4 43.7 11.6 11.8 20.6 7.6 11.9 12.6 Co 12.30 14.30 8.18 3.88 5.61 6.28 8.47 10.20 6.77 Ni 26.30 30.50 7.46 3.43 5.04 8.28 7.64 8.03 6.97 Rb 67.50 57.40 36.00 49.40 35.10 10.60 13.27 5.39 32.60 Sr 183 130 320 234 204 203 230 256 355 Y 23.8 23.0 22.4 38.6 25.0 22.3 38.2 24.9 19.1 Nb 9.00 9.77 4.19 4.89 3.58 7.48 12.50 11.30 3.84 Cs 3.960 3.700 1.210 1.120 0.990 0.570 0.140 0.186 1.300 Ba 250.0 256.0 369.0 386.0 304.0 238.0 102.0 86.5 492.0 Ta 0.67 0.72 0.26 0.24 0.18 0.37 0.50 0.40 0.22 Pb 10.10 10.30 13.70 7.84 7.40 7.93 10.50 10.40 10.80 V 108.0 103.0 48.4 46.4 41.6 61.1 35.9 32.3 45.7 Zr 187.0 199.0 88.8 92.6 76.7 137.0 230.0 232.0 91.4 Hf 5.33 5.63 2.34 2.30 2.00 3.60 6.09 5.90 2.33 U 2.06 2.22 1.05 1.15 1.08 1.13 2.26 2.36 0.84 Th 2.26 8.63 2.82 2.10 1.88 5.04 9.23 7.83 2.59 Ga 16.7 15.8 12.3 13.4 11.4 15.5 10.8 10.2 11.7 表 2 卡拉麦里组砂岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析结果
Table 2. Detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analytical results of the sandstones from the Kalamaili Formation
测试点 元素含量(10-6) 232Th/238U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) 232Th 238U 206Pb 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ WCW01-01 130.39 184.35 61.55 0.71 0.057 1 0.001 9 0.637 3 0.020 5 0.080 9 0.000 9 497 51 501 13 501 5 WCW01-02 85.32 119.82 35.55 0.71 0.055 8 0.003 0 0.552 6 0.029 1 0.071 9 0.000 9 442 95 447 19 447 5 WCW01-03 53.49 140.70 43.25 0.38 0.056 2 0.002 4 0.576 6 0.024 6 0.074 5 0.000 9 459 73 462 16 463 5 WCW01-04 127.76 175.84 52.90 0.73 0.056 1 0.005 0 0.563 2 0.049 5 0.072 9 0.001 1 454 172 454 32 453 6 WCW01-05 96.42 89.20 56.81 1.08 0.069 9 0.003 0 1.485 8 0.063 2 0.154 2 0.002 1 924 65 925 26 925 12 WCW01-06 77.85 119.07 37.46 0.65 0.056 8 0.003 4 0.596 8 0.035 4 0.076 2 0.001 0 485 108 475 23 473 6 WCW01-07 269.75 344.99 115.89 0.78 0.057 5 0.003 1 0.644 5 0.034 5 0.081 3 0.001 0 509 97 505 21 504 6 WCW01-08 102.55 154.40 47.39 0.66 0.056 3 0.003 3 0.576 9 0.033 0 0.074 3 0.001 0 464 104 462 21 462 6 WCW01-09 106.27 145.29 42.55 0.73 0.055 8 0.002 7 0.545 7 0.026 0 0.070 9 0.000 9 445 83 442 17 442 5 WCW01-10 93.34 166.86 49.07 0.56 0.055 9 0.002 1 0.548 5 0.020 4 0.071 2 0.000 9 448 61 444 13 443 5 WCW01-11 125.68 198.43 54.07 0.63 0.055 7 0.003 2 0.506 7 0.028 5 0.065 9 0.000 8 442 105 416 19 412 5 WCW01-12 240.65 312.42 91.86 0.77 0.055 9 0.002 2 0.548 7 0.021 5 0.071 1 0.000 8 449 67 444 14 443 5 WCW01-13 134.22 188.11 60.59 0.71 0.056 7 0.001 7 0.609 4 0.017 5 0.077 9 0.000 9 480 42 483 11 484 6 WCW01-14 135.99 241.50 75.05 0.56 0.056 6 0.001 6 0.587 0 0.016 1 0.075 2 0.000 9 476 40 469 10 467 5 WCW01-15 66.89 316.88 85.40 0.21 0.055 0 0.001 4 0.494 0 0.012 3 0.065 2 0.000 7 410 36 408 8 407 4 WCW01-16 231.08 360.36 125.17 0.64 0.058 6 0.001 2 0.678 7 0.013 7 0.084 0 0.000 9 552 26 526 8 520 5 WCW01-17 83.29 154.36 45.27 0.54 0.055 9 0.002 5 0.546 4 0.023 7 0.070 9 0.000 9 447 74 443 16 442 5 WCW01-18 74.73 144.88 48.36 0.52 0.057 3 0.001 9 0.637 9 0.021 0 0.080 7 0.001 0 503 51 501 13 500 6 WCW01-19 56.29 143.25 45.87 0.39 0.057 1 0.002 7 0.610 1 0.027 9 0.077 4 0.001 0 497 78 484 18 481 6 WCW01-20 32.46 69.21 19.97 0.47 0.055 6 0.004 0 0.534 5 0.038 0 0.069 8 0.001 0 435 133 435 25 435 6 WCW01-21 133.77 210.06 60.79 0.64 0.055 5 0.001 7 0.535 2 0.015 7 0.069 9 0.000 8 432 45 435 10 436 5 WCW01-22 19.51 36.13 12.23 0.54 0.057 7 0.007 8 0.651 4 0.087 0 0.081 8 0.001 7 520 263 509 54 507 10 WCW01-23 324.71 323.71 452.58 1.00 0.114 6 0.001 8 5.340 4 0.078 5 0.337 8 0.003 4 1 874 13 1 875 13 1 876 16 WCW01-24 383.58 329.73 96.47 1.16 0.056 6 0.001 9 0.551 7 0.017 9 0.070 7 0.000 8 476 52 446 12 440 5 WCW01-25 66.76 99.49 28.72 0.67 0.056 0 0.006 4 0.538 9 0.060 9 0.069 8 0.001 0 454 228 438 40 435 6 WCW01-26 67.50 125.53 38.60 0.54 0.056 4 0.005 7 0.577 7 0.057 9 0.074 3 0.001 0 468 201 463 37 462 6 WCW01-27 147.42 260.79 77.25 0.57 0.055 7 0.001 5 0.550 0 0.014 3 0.071 6 0.000 8 442 38 445 9 445 5 WCW01-28 229.55 417.46 145.94 0.55 0.064 0 0.001 6 0.744 9 0.017 7 0.084 4 0.000 9 741 32 565 10 523 5 WCW01-29 44.86 113.42 115.65 0.40 0.090 9 0.002 3 3.085 6 0.077 1 0.246 3 0.002 8 1 444 31 1 429 19 1 419 14 WCW01-30 114.28 323.41 103.68 0.35 0.056 9 0.001 7 0.607 1 0.017 4 0.077 4 0.000 9 486 43 482 11 481 5 WCW01-31 61.49 96.03 118.89 0.64 0.100 4 0.002 1 4.137 3 0.084 0 0.298 9 0.003 3 1 631 22 1 662 17 1 686 16 WCW01-32 140.66 174.45 51.22 0.81 0.055 5 0.002 7 0.542 4 0.026 1 0.070 9 0.000 9 432 86 440 17 441 5 WCW01-33 176.62 317.05 97.53 0.56 0.056 4 0.002 4 0.577 9 0.024 2 0.074 3 0.000 8 470 74 463 16 462 5 WCW01-34 184.82 230.30 61.70 0.80 0.054 8 0.001 7 0.489 0 0.014 6 0.064 7 0.000 8 405 46 404 10 404 5 WCW01-36 241.80 272.65 81.68 0.89 0.056 2 0.002 2 0.559 9 0.021 8 0.072 3 0.000 8 459 66 451 14 450 5 WCW01-37 72.21 201.81 69.34 0.36 0.057 6 0.002 6 0.659 0 0.028 8 0.082 9 0.001 0 516 75 514 18 513 6 WCW01-38 86.82 121.30 37.62 0.72 0.056 3 0.003 9 0.581 3 0.039 4 0.074 8 0.001 0 466 128 465 25 465 6 WCW01-39 33.47 64.66 21.65 0.52 0.057 0 0.003 4 0.635 3 0.037 5 0.080 8 0.001 2 493 104 499 23 501 7 WCW01-40 55.26 138.64 78.22 0.40 0.066 3 0.001 5 1.244 1 0.027 8 0.136 1 0.001 5 816 28 821 13 823 9 WCW01-41 127.73 170.52 52.56 0.75 0.056 5 0.002 4 0.578 6 0.024 5 0.074 3 0.000 9 470 72 464 16 462 6 WCW01-42 76.31 111.36 32.34 0.69 0.055 9 0.002 6 0.540 0 0.024 7 0.070 0 0.001 0 449 77 438 16 436 6 WCW01-43 58.99 91.14 28.02 0.65 0.056 5 0.007 1 0.577 5 0.072 3 0.074 1 0.001 4 472 248 463 47 461 8 WCW01-44 44.99 75.35 22.34 0.60 0.056 1 0.005 8 0.552 8 0.056 4 0.071 5 0.001 2 456 199 447 37 445 7 WCW01-45 91.51 118.90 35.56 0.77 0.055 4 0.003 4 0.551 0 0.033 5 0.072 1 0.001 0 429 113 446 22 449 6 WCW01-46 88.50 221.59 145.03 0.40 0.070 7 0.001 4 1.537 0 0.029 5 0.157 8 0.001 7 947 22 945 12 944 9 WCW01-47 34.09 52.51 15.60 0.65 0.055 8 0.010 5 0.550 5 0.103 0 0.071 6 0.001 4 443 366 445 67 446 8 WCW01-48 130.21 194.81 58.25 0.67 0.055 9 0.002 0 0.555 3 0.019 7 0.072 1 0.000 8 448 58 448 13 449 5 WCW01-49 181.58 189.42 59.27 0.96 0.056 3 0.002 2 0.584 9 0.021 9 0.075 4 0.000 9 462 61 468 14 469 6 WCW01-50 70.85 120.38 36.04 0.59 0.056 4 0.005 4 0.561 0 0.053 4 0.072 1 0.000 9 468 191 452 35 449 6 WCW01-51 65.39 110.85 256.31 0.59 0.233 6 0.003 9 17.938 8 0.290 3 0.557 0 0.006 2 3 077 13 2 986 16 2 854 25 WCW01-52 47.50 86.60 25.63 0.55 0.055 8 0.002 7 0.548 3 0.026 1 0.071 3 0.001 0 444 80 444 17 444 6 WCW01-53 246.13 280.35 83.67 0.88 0.056 3 0.001 6 0.558 0 0.015 0 0.071 9 0.000 8 464 40 450 10 447 5 WCW01-54 196.08 181.12 47.24 1.08 0.054 3 0.004 6 0.470 4 0.039 2 0.062 8 0.000 9 384 163 391 27 393 6 WCW01-56 182.16 208.95 59.33 0.87 0.055 3 0.001 7 0.521 1 0.015 7 0.068 4 0.000 8 423 46 426 10 426 5 WCW01-57 39.39 83.76 25.43 0.47 0.056 0 0.002 6 0.564 3 0.025 6 0.073 1 0.001 0 452 76 454 17 455 6 WCW01-58 238.57 411.91 133.66 0.58 0.056 8 0.001 2 0.612 2 0.012 3 0.078 1 0.000 8 485 26 485 8 485 5 WCW01-59 149.99 124.74 38.10 1.20 0.056 1 0.005 4 0.568 4 0.053 8 0.073 5 0.001 2 455 183 457 35 457 7 WCW01-60 208.58 432.01 151.93 0.48 0.058 0 0.001 2 0.676 8 0.013 8 0.084 6 0.000 9 529 26 525 8 524 5 WCW01-61 42.30 85.97 28.26 0.49 0.057 0 0.003 8 0.621 4 0.040 8 0.079 1 0.001 2 491 119 491 26 491 7 WCW01-62 90.18 172.09 45.92 0.52 0.054 6 0.002 3 0.483 2 0.019 9 0.064 2 0.000 8 395 70 400 14 401 5 WCW01-63 63.94 222.02 293.78 0.29 0.108 8 0.001 9 4.776 7 0.080 6 0.318 3 0.003 3 1 780 16 1 781 14 1 781 16 WCW01-64 100.49 224.29 163.98 0.45 0.074 3 0.001 5 1.801 9 0.033 7 0.175 9 0.001 9 1 050 21 1 046 12 1 044 10 WCW01-65 107.37 133.2 40.33 0.81 0.056 1 0.002 1 0.563 8 0.020 8 0.072 8 0.000 9 458 59 454 13 453 6 WCW01-66 190.54 233.94 72.20 0.81 0.056 5 0.001 5 0.577 7 0.015 1 0.074 2 0.000 8 470 38 463 10 461 5 WCW01-67 38.04 128.51 36.76 0.30 0.055 4 0.002 2 0.525 4 0.020 1 0.068 8 0.000 9 428 63 429 13 429 5 WCW01-68 203.91 307.59 84.84 0.66 0.054 9 0.001 5 0.502 4 0.012 9 0.066 3 0.000 7 410 37 413 9 414 4 WCW01-69 120.32 151.80 42.85 0.79 0.055 7 0.001 9 0.521 1 0.017 4 0.067 9 0.000 9 440 52 426 12 423 5 WCW01-70 363.43 387.15 112.26 0.94 0.055 6 0.001 3 0.534 6 0.012 3 0.069 7 0.000 8 437 32 435 8 434 5 WCW01-71 71.65 120.26 35.55 0.60 0.055 8 0.002 2 0.546 4 0.020 6 0.071 0 0.000 9 443 61 443 14 442 5 WCW01-72 48.86 103.71 30.92 0.47 0.056 0 0.005 9 0.552 9 0.058 0 0.071 6 0.001 1 451 209 447 38 446 6 WCW01-73 93.03 167.13 49.62 0.56 0.056 2 0.003 0 0.552 4 0.029 0 0.071 3 0.000 9 458 95 447 19 444 5 WCW01-74 137.48 338.86 743.34 0.41 0.188 4 0.003 2 13.691 4 0.221 8 0.527 1 0.005 4 2 728 14 2 729 15 2 729 23 WCW01-75 144.93 183.64 53.68 0.79 0.055 5 0.004 2 0.537 4 0.039 9 0.070 2 0.001 5 432 128 437 26 437 9 WCW01-76 30.64 67.79 20.24 0.45 0.056 2 0.003 6 0.555 8 0.035 2 0.071 7 0.001 1 461 113 449 23 446 7 WCW01-78 138.36 270.84 92.82 0.51 0.057 6 0.002 1 0.654 1 0.023 7 0.082 3 0.001 0 515 59 511 15 510 6 WCW01-79 298.48 502.43 148.49 0.59 0.055 8 0.001 5 0.546 6 0.014 3 0.071 0 0.000 8 446 38 443 9 442 5 WCW01-80 95.53 145.79 43.57 0.66 0.055 7 0.003 2 0.551 1 0.031 7 0.071 8 0.001 0 440 103 446 21 447 6 -
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