Geochronology, Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Quanshuigou Pluton from Southeastern West Kunlun Mountain in Xinjiang, China
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摘要: 泉水沟岩体位于西昆仑造山带和巴彦喀拉褶断带夹持区域,对追溯西昆仑地区的区域发展演化具有重要指示意义.通过高精度同位素年代学、岩石矿物学与地球化学等手段,准确限定岩体的形成时代并查明其地球化学特征.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得该岩体中花岗闪长岩的年龄为217.6±0.9 Ma,其中的暗色包体黑云母石英闪长岩年龄为217.4±0.7 Ma,均属晚三叠世(T3).花岗闪长岩具有富硅(SiO2=67.21%~68.85%)、富碱(全碱变化于6.36%~6.76%,里特曼指数δ=1.56~1.86)、富钾(K2O=3.50%~3.96%,K2O/Na2O=1.20~1.41),而贫TiO2、MnO和P2O5(< 1%)的特点;岩体的铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.88~1.05;总体上属高钾钙碱性准铝质-弱过铝质I型花岗岩.岩石富集轻稀土,轻重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N为1.03~11.05),具有铕负异常(δEu为0.42~0.73);富集Rb、Th、K和LREE等大离子亲石元素,而贫Ba、Sr、Ti、P等元素.岩石微量元素地球化学特征显示,泉水沟花岗闪长岩及其包体为下地壳变质玄武岩熔融的产物,在岩浆演化过程中岩体的分离结晶作用以斜长石、辉石和磷灰石为主,而角闪石分离结晶不明显.区域构造环境演化表明,晚三叠世时随着古特提斯洋向北消减至最终闭合,在康西瓦断裂带两侧发生大规模陆块碰撞挤压,致使地壳垂向增生加厚引起了强烈的岩浆活动,从而在下地壳发生重熔作用形成了泉水沟岩体,也表明该区当时已处于洋陆拼合后的碰撞造山新阶段.Abstract: Lying in the transitional region of the West Kunlun area and Bayankala folded fault belt of Xinjiang, the Quanshuigou pluton has indicative significance for area evolution. In order to determine the formation time, geochemical characteristics and tectonic setting of the Quanshuigou pluton, geochronology, mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry were studied. Combined with the cathodoluminescence (CL) images and element U, Th and Pb features of zircon, this study yields two ages of 217.6±0.9 Ma and 217.4±0.7 Ma for granodiorite and quartz diorite using the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, belonging to the Late Triassic. The geochemical analyses show that the granodiorites are characterized by high SiO2 (67.21%-68.85%), high alkali (Na2O+K2O=6.36%-6.76%, Rittman index δ=1.56-1.86), high potassium (K2O=3.50%-3.96%, K2O/Na2O=1.20-1.41), and low TiO2, MnO and P2O5 (content < 1%); and aluminum index A/CNK=0.88-1.05, indicating a transitional composition between metaluminous and peraluminous I-type granite series. The pluton is enriched in LREE, depleted in HREE ((La/Yb)N=1.03-11.05), with negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.42-0.73). While the trace elements are characterized by enrichment of Rb, Th, K and LREE, and depletion of Ba, Sr, Ti, P. The chemical signatures indicate that the pluton experienced the highly fractionated process and partial melting. The Quanshuigou diorite with characteristic source-mixed granite from mantle and crust should be likely derived from metabasalt in lower crust, and subsequently underwent the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, pyroxene and apatite without amphibole. In the Late Triassic, the Paleo-Tethys Ocean was gradually evolved from subduction toward north to the complete closure, and at the same time regional tectonic stress was transformed from subduction process to collision compressional action environment. Based on comprehensive analysis of the genetic type of the pluton and evolution of regional tectonic environment, it is suggested that the Quanshuigou pluton formed just after this tectonic stress transfromation, which shows that this area was in continent-continent collision orogenic regime in the Late Triassic.
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Key words:
- I-type granite /
- Late Triassic /
- syn-collision /
- Quanshuigou pluton /
- West Kunlun /
- geochemistry
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图 1 新疆西昆仑地区大地构造位置(a)及侵入岩分布(b)
据李荣社等(2008).TRMB.塔里木板块; WKLS.西昆仑造山带; TSH.甜水海地块; BYF.巴颜喀拉褶断带; SQ.南羌塘地块; KT.科西斯坦地块.主要断裂:F1.公格尔-柯岗大断裂; F2.康西瓦-鲸鱼湖大断裂; F3.大红柳滩断裂; F4.喀喇昆仑大断裂; F5.班公湖-怒江大断裂
Fig. 1. Geotectonic position (a) and distribution of intrusive rocks (b) in the West Kunlun area of Xinjiang
图 5 泉水沟岩体K2O-SiO2图解
Fig. 5. Diagram of K2O-SiO2 of the Quanshuigou pluton
图 7 泉水沟岩体稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)
a, b标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element distribution patterns (b) of the Quanshuigou pluton
图 8 泉水沟岩体成因类型判别图解
a.SiO2-Zr图解(Whalen et al., 1987); b.(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-TFeO/MgO图解(Eby, 1990); c.SiO2-Y图解(Chappell and White, 1992); FG.高分异的M、I、S型花岗岩;OGT.未分异的M、I、S型花岗岩
Fig. 8. Discrimination diagrams of granite genetic types for the Quanshuigou pluton
图 9 泉水沟岩体(Dy/Yb)N-(Nb/Ta)图解和C/MF-A/MF图解
Fig. 9. (Dy/Yb)N vs. (Nb/Ta) and C/MF vs. A/MF diagrams for the Quanshuigou pluton
图 10 泉水沟岩体的构造背景判别图解
Fig. 10. Diagrams of tectonic environment for the Quanshuigou pluton
表 1 泉水沟花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic analyses for zircons from the Quanshuigou granodiorite
测点号 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ Q101 163 451 1 429 0.32 0.050 1 0.000 7 0.237 8 0.004 3 0.034 3 0.000 5 211.2 31.5 216.6 3.6 217.7 3.0 Q102 133 351 1 345 0.26 0.050 3 0.000 6 0.238 6 0.003 8 0.034 4 0.000 5 209.3 21.3 217.3 3.1 217.7 3.0 Q107 270 697 2 260 0.31 0.050 5 0.000 6 0.240 1 0.003 0 0.034 3 0.000 3 220.4 32.4 218.5 2.5 217.7 1.8 Q108 105 241 1 139 0.21 0.049 3 0.000 7 0.234 8 0.004 1 0.034 4 0.000 4 161.2 31.5 214.1 3.3 217.8 2.3 Q109 119 324 1 119 0.29 0.050 8 0.000 7 0.240 7 0.004 2 0.034 2 0.000 4 231.6 33.3 219.0 3.4 216.8 2.5 Q110 431 1 268 2 689 0.47 0.049 6 0.000 7 0.235 0 0.003 2 0.034 2 0.000 3 189.0 35.2 214.3 2.6 216.8 2.0 Q111 256 643 1 974 0.33 0.050 4 0.000 7 0.240 0 0.003 6 0.034 4 0.000 4 213.0 36.1 218.4 2.9 217.8 2.3 Q112 144 371 1 334 0.28 0.051 9 0.000 8 0.247 6 0.004 4 0.034 5 0.000 5 283.4 30.6 224.6 3.6 218.4 3.4 Q113 164 404 1 501 0.27 0.050 7 0.000 7 0.241 4 0.003 7 0.034 4 0.000 4 233.4 31.5 219.5 3.0 217.9 2.6 Q114 190 514 1 730 0.30 0.050 9 0.000 9 0.241 0 0.003 9 0.034 2 0.000 4 239.0 38.9 219.3 3.2 216.6 2.5 Q115 61 160 297 0.54 0.050 5 0.001 3 0.239 7 0.006 3 0.034 3 0.000 5 220.4 57.4 218.1 5.1 217.3 2.9 Q117 82 222 862 0.26 0.050 3 0.000 7 0.240 1 0.004 8 0.034 5 0.000 6 209.3 26.8 218.5 3.9 218.8 3.8 Q118 215 570 1 538 0.37 0.049 0 0.000 6 0.232 2 0.003 2 0.034 3 0.000 4 150.1 27.8 212.0 2.6 217.4 2.5 Q119 69 179 454 0.39 0.051 9 0.001 1 0.246 5 0.005 3 0.034 5 0.000 5 279.7 46.3 223.7 4.4 218.5 3.1 Q120 242 598 2 138 0.28 0.051 0 0.000 6 0.242 2 0.003 3 0.034 5 0.000 4 239.0 25.9 220.2 2.7 218.4 2.2 Q121 292 774 2 047 0.38 0.051 4 0.000 6 0.244 7 0.004 6 0.034 5 0.000 5 257.5 27.8 222.3 3.8 218.9 3.4 Q122 88 214 635 0.34 0.051 5 0.000 9 0.245 1 0.004 4 0.034 5 0.000 3 264.9 36.1 222.6 3.6 218.6 1.9 Q123 143 331 1 551 0.21 0.050 8 0.000 8 0.239 6 0.004 7 0.034 2 0.000 4 231.6 69.4 218.1 3.9 217.0 2.6 Q125 266 651 2 061 0.32 0.051 4 0.000 9 0.243 8 0.005 0 0.034 5 0.000 4 261.2 38.9 221.6 4.1 218.5 2.4 Q126 131 346 1 197 0.29 0.051 3 0.000 7 0.242 2 0.004 9 0.034 3 0.000 5 253.8 31.5 220.3 4.0 217.4 3.0 Q127 166 417 1 558 0.27 0.051 0 0.000 7 0.241 3 0.003 6 0.034 4 0.000 3 239.0 33.3 219.5 2.9 218.3 2.2 Q128 195 469 1 864 0.25 0.051 4 0.000 6 0.244 2 0.004 0 0.034 5 0.000 5 261.2 27.8 221.8 3.2 218.8 2.9 Q129 250 640 2 258 0.28 0.051 4 0.000 8 0.243 9 0.004 6 0.034 5 0.000 5 257.5 30.6 221.6 3.8 218.6 2.8 Q130 139 343 1 160 0.30 0.051 7 0.001 2 0.244 1 0.005 5 0.034 4 0.000 6 272.3 55.5 221.8 4.5 217.9 3.4 Q131 265 645 2 496 0.26 0.051 2 0.000 5 0.242 0 0.003 7 0.034 3 0.000 4 250.1 24.1 220.0 3.1 217.4 2.6 Q132 223 558 1 884 0.30 0.051 5 0.000 7 0.243 6 0.003 9 0.034 4 0.000 4 264.9 32.4 221.4 3.2 217.7 2.4 Q133 336 878 2 416 0.36 0.050 7 0.000 6 0.240 3 0.003 7 0.034 4 0.000 4 233.4 29.6 218.7 3.0 218.3 2.2 Q134 148 397 1 437 0.28 0.051 4 0.000 9 0.243 1 0.004 2 0.034 4 0.000 3 257.5 38.9 221.0 3.4 217.9 1.8 Q135 516 1 440 2 804 0.51 0.051 5 0.000 7 0.239 4 0.003 6 0.033 7 0.000 3 261.2 34.3 217.9 2.9 214.0 1.8 Q202 161 400 1 239 0.32 0.050 3 0.000 7 0.239 1 0.003 9 0.034 2 0.000 4 209.3 33.3 217.7 3.2 217.0 2.2 表 2 泉水沟黑云母石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic analyses for zircons from the Quanshuigou biotite quartz diorite
测点号 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ Q601 1 660 4 663 3 842 1.21 0.050 9 0.000 6 0.242 0 0.003 5 0.034 5 0.000 3 235.3 27.8 220.1 2.9 218.8 1.9 Q602 2 152 6 129 4 469 1.37 0.050 7 0.000 6 0.240 2 0.003 3 0.034 4 0.000 3 227.8 27.8 218.6 2.7 217.8 1.7 Q603 2 715 7 889 5 119 1.54 0.050 5 0.000 5 0.239 5 0.003 2 0.034 4 0.000 3 216.7 25.9 218.0 2.6 218.0 1.8 Q604 1 896 5 732 3 956 1.45 0.050 9 0.000 6 0.238 9 0.003 4 0.034 0 0.000 2 235.3 29.6 217.5 2.8 215.7 1.6 Q605 2 797 7 933 4 966 1.60 0.050 2 0.000 5 0.238 7 0.003 4 0.034 5 0.000 3 211.2 19.4 217.4 2.8 218.6 2.1 Q606 421 1 052 2 625 0.40 0.050 2 0.000 5 0.238 1 0.005 2 0.034 4 0.000 7 205.6 21.3 216.9 4.3 217.8 4.4 Q607 594 1 714 2 157 0.79 0.050 5 0.000 5 0.238 2 0.002 8 0.034 2 0.000 2 216.7 24.1 217.0 2.3 216.7 1.4 Q608 1 704 4 999 3 791 1.32 0.050 7 0.000 6 0.238 7 0.002 8 0.034 1 0.000 3 227.8 21.3 217.3 2.3 216.3 1.6 Q609 1 265 3 472 3 369 1.03 0.049 9 0.000 6 0.237 0 0.003 0 0.034 4 0.000 3 190.8 27.8 216.0 2.4 218.1 1.7 Q610 2 105 6 140 4 543 1.35 0.050 5 0.000 6 0.239 8 0.003 3 0.034 4 0.000 3 220.4 30.5 218.2 2.7 217.8 1.6 Q611 107 276 795 0.35 0.048 7 0.001 1 0.232 1 0.005 7 0.034 6 0.000 5 200.1 53.7 211.9 4.7 219.2 3.1 Q612 2 034 5 832 4 136 1.41 0.049 9 0.000 6 0.236 1 0.003 0 0.034 3 0.000 3 190.8 25.9 215.2 2.4 217.3 1.8 Q613 2 876 7 982 6 734 1.19 0.049 8 0.000 6 0.235 9 0.003 1 0.034 3 0.000 3 183.4 23.1 215.0 2.6 217.5 1.8 Q614 1 570 4 681 3 500 1.34 0.049 2 0.000 7 0.232 3 0.004 5 0.034 2 0.000 4 166.8 33.3 212.1 3.7 216.7 2.8 Q615 2 212 6 490 4 799 1.35 0.049 6 0.000 6 0.235 7 0.003 0 0.034 4 0.000 3 189.0 27.8 214.9 2.5 218.1 1.9 Q616 1 394 4 012 3 394 1.18 0.050 3 0.000 7 0.239 7 0.004 1 0.034 5 0.000 4 209.3 33.3 218.1 3.4 218.8 2.5 Q617 233 638 1 198 0.53 0.049 1 0.000 7 0.234 9 0.004 8 0.034 7 0.000 6 153.8 33.3 214.2 3.9 219.7 3.6 Q618 853 2 490 2 639 0.94 0.050 0 0.000 5 0.236 6 0.002 8 0.034 3 0.000 3 194.5 24.1 215.7 2.3 217.4 1.6 Q619 1 845 5 149 4 735 1.09 0.050 0 0.000 6 0.236 5 0.003 1 0.034 3 0.000 3 194.5 27.8 215.6 2.5 217.6 1.6 Q620 1 530 4 440 3 775 1.18 0.049 4 0.000 5 0.233 8 0.004 3 0.034 3 0.000 6 168.6 22.2 213.4 3.5 217.5 3.5 Q621 66 163 478 0.34 0.049 2 0.001 1 0.232 2 0.005 0 0.034 3 0.000 4 153.8 51.8 212.0 4.1 217.3 2.4 Q622 1 211 3 457 3 097 1.12 0.049 9 0.000 5 0.234 8 0.002 6 0.034 1 0.000 2 190.8 24.1 214.1 2.1 216.0 1.6 Q623 613 1 573 3 649 0.43 0.049 6 0.000 4 0.233 2 0.002 6 0.034 2 0.000 3 176.0 20.4 212.8 2.1 216.6 1.6 Q624 432 1 044 4 195 0.25 0.049 7 0.000 5 0.235 4 0.003 4 0.034 4 0.000 4 189.0 22.2 214.6 2.8 217.9 2.7 Q625 1 177 3 447 3 225 1.07 0.050 3 0.000 6 0.236 3 0.003 4 0.034 1 0.000 3 209.3 23.1 215.4 2.8 216.0 1.8 Q626 329 903 1 349 0.67 0.049 8 0.000 6 0.235 0 0.003 3 0.034 3 0.000 4 187.1 25.0 214.3 2.7 217.1 2.5 Q627 166 444 1 472 0.30 0.049 6 0.001 0 0.234 8 0.006 4 0.034 3 0.000 7 176.0 52.8 214.1 5.3 217.6 4.1 Q628 583 1 448 3 608 0.40 0.051 1 0.000 5 0.242 1 0.002 8 0.034 4 0.000 2 242.7 56.5 220.1 2.3 217.8 1.5 Q629 1 635 4 808 3 597 1.34 0.049 4 0.000 5 0.234 3 0.002 9 0.034 4 0.000 3 164.9 20.4 213.7 2.4 217.8 1.7 Q630 1 505 3 648 3 991 0.91 0.049 8 0.000 5 0.237 8 0.003 2 0.034 6 0.000 3 183.4 22.2 216.6 2.6 219.2 2.0 表 3 泉水沟岩体主量元素(%)、微量元素(10-6)、稀土元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 3. Compositions of major elements (%), trace elements (10-6) and REE (10-6) of the Quanshuigou pluton
样品 花岗闪长岩 石英闪长岩 15QS01 15QS03 15QS04 15QS05 15QS06 15QS07 15QS08 SiO2 67.21 67.56 68.18 68.85 58.30 59.38 58.83 TiO2 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.40 0.64 0.63 0.75 Al2O3 15.65 15.31 15.37 14.97 16.46 15.87 16.69 Fe2O3 0.74 0.77 0.64 0.61 1.96 1.03 1.50 FeO 3.12 3.07 2.94 3.04 5.25 6.33 5.43 MnO 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.22 0.21 0.19 MgO 1.52 1.52 1.41 1.42 3.40 3.84 3.58 CaO 3.52 3.26 3.41 3.21 6.38 5.78 5.70 Na2O 2.97 2.80 2.92 2.83 2.90 2.87 2.87 K2O 3.58 3.96 3.50 3.53 2.06 2.16 2.31 P2O5 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.20 烧失量 0.98 1.05 0.84 0.86 2.18 1.65 1.88 总和 99.95 99.95 99.80 99.95 99.91 99.92 99.93 K2O+Na2O 6.55 6.76 6.42 6.36 4.96 5.03 5.18 K2O/Na2O 1.21 1.41 1.20 1.25 0.71 0.75 0.80 TFeO/MgO 2.49 2.48 2.49 2.53 2.06 1.89 1.89 δ 1.98 1.62 1.65 0.93 1.67 1.64 1.70 A/CNK 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.05 0.88 0.90 0.95 A/NK 1.79 1.72 1.79 1.77 2.35 2.25 2.31 Mg# 46.48 46.88 46.09 45.43 53.58 51.95 54.03 AI 0.56 0.58 0.56 0.57 0.43 0.44 0.43 Pb < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.18 0.09 < 0.01 Zn < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 Cr 16.00 12.80 12.70 11.40 14.60 27.20 30.30 Ni 7.19 6.28 6.35 6.22 7.44 10.10 14.30 Co 13.20 10.20 10.60 10.60 19.40 19.70 20.00 Rb 41.50 59.40 122.00 58.50 77.60 79.50 67.80 Sr 145.00 134.00 247.00 161.00 242.00 216.00 223.00 Ba 441.00 448.00 518.00 444.00 344.00 243.00 363.00 V 66.20 65.40 64.50 62.20 212.00 144.00 171.00 Sc 12.30 15.10 16.10 13.20 31.20 23.50 22.50 Nb 9.42 9.24 8.84 9.02 10.70 7.63 8.93 Ta 1.04 1.09 1.07 1.24 1.08 0.80 0.92 Zr 106.00 114.00 132.00 112.00 63.50 127.00 104.00 Hf 3.42 3.49 3.87 3.61 2.08 3.71 2.98 Cs 5.26 5.66 6.96 7.98 6.23 5.26 7.32 U 1.99 1.80 2.13 1.69 4.48 2.58 2.08 Th 13.90 19.20 18.80 13.20 1.70 6.73 8.66 La 23.40 34.20 33.70 16.20 7.34 13.20 21.00 Ce 34.20 52.30 65.50 34.20 21.20 35.30 49.20 Pr 5.65 7.99 7.61 4.80 3.46 5.32 6.32 Nd 23.20 31.60 29.20 20.30 19.80 26.10 27.10 Sm 4.90 6.13 6.22 4.63 7.33 7.68 7.56 Eu 1.12 1.15 1.28 1.09 1.10 1.25 1.18 Gd 4.47 5.36 5.44 4.50 8.78 7.58 7.38 Tb 0.65 0.76 0.80 0.68 1.37 1.12 1.12 Dy 3.56 4.22 4.21 3.91 8.80 6.62 6.45 Ho 0.72 0.82 0.83 0.84 1.86 1.40 1.33 Er 2.05 2.32 2.37 2.45 5.30 3.83 3.62 Tm 0.32 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.78 0.56 0.54 Yb 2.01 2.22 2.34 2.41 5.12 3.71 3.56 Lu 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.69 0.51 0.48 Y 20.80 24.00 24.40 24.80 49.30 40.80 39.40 Rb/Ba 0.09 0.13 0.24 0.13 0.23 0.33 0.19 Rb/Sr 0.29 0.44 0.49 0.36 0.32 0.37 0.30 Nb/Ta 9.06 8.48 8.26 7.27 9.91 9.54 9.71 Zr/Hf 30.99 32.66 34.11 31.02 30.53 34.23 34.90 ∑REE 106.54 149.74 160.21 96.73 92.93 114.18 136.84 LREE 92.47 133.37 143.51 81.22 60.23 88.85 112.36 HREE 14.07 16.37 16.70 15.51 32.70 25.33 24.48 LREE/HREE 6.57 8.15 8.59 5.24 1.84 3.51 4.59 (La/Yb)N 8.35 11.05 10.33 4.82 1.03 2.55 4.23 δEu 0.73 0.61 0.67 0.73 0.42 0.50 0.48 δCe 0.73 0.78 1.00 0.95 1.03 1.03 1.05 注:A/CNK = Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)(mol); A/NK=Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O) (mol); AI= (Na2O+K2O)/Al2O3 (mol); δEu=(EuN)/$ \sqrt {{\rm{(S}}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{N}}}{\rm{)}} \times {\rm{(G}}{{\rm{d}}_{\rm{N}}}{\rm{)}}} $; δCe=(CeN)/$\sqrt {{\rm{(L}}{{\rm{a}}_{\rm{N}}}{\rm{)}} \times {\rm{(P}}{{\rm{r}}_{\rm{N}}}{\rm{)}}} $. -
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