Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of Early Jurassic Granodiorites in Renqinze Area, Central Part of Southern Lhasa Subterrane
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摘要: 青藏高原拉萨地块南部新特提斯洋的打开和俯冲时间，目前还未得到统一的认识.南拉萨地块上广泛发育早中生代花岗质岩石，为探讨亚洲-印度大陆碰撞前的新特提斯洋俯冲过程提供了天然样品.对仁钦则地区一套花岗闪长岩进行了详细的年代学、元素和同位素地球化学分析.锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，这套花岗闪长岩主要形成于180 Ma左右，为早侏罗世岩浆活动产物.仁钦则花岗闪长岩具有相对较高的SiO2含量（62.77%～64.18%）、较低的K2O/Na2O（0.29～0.60）和A/CNK值（0.90～0.98），表明其属于Ⅰ型钙碱性岩石系列.岩石明显富集Ba、U等大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素，具有弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征.花岗闪长岩具有较高的CaO含量、较低的全碱和Al2O3含量，与含水的变基性岩部分熔融形成的熔体成分一致.锆石Ti和全岩Zr饱和温度计结果显示花岗闪长岩可能形成于下地壳源区.仁钦则花岗闪长岩具有较低的（87Sr/86Sr）i（0.703 671～0.703 794）、较高的εNd（t）（5.41～5.66）和锆石εHf（t）值（12.6～14.8），进一步表明其很可能为新生基性下地壳的部分熔融产物.综合分析认为，仁钦则花岗闪长岩主要形成于新特提斯洋北向俯冲背景之下，新特提斯洋的打开时间至少在晚三叠世之前.Abstract: The opening and subduction time of the Neo-Tethys ocean in the southern part of the Lhasa block on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ramains controversial.The widely developed Mesozoic granitoids in the southern Lhasa subterrane of Tibetan Plateau, are essential samples to explore the prolonged evolution of subduction process of the Neo-Tethys before collision between the Asia and India continents.Here, we present detailed zircon U-Pb dating, trace element and Hf isotope, whole-rock major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd isotope data for the granodiorites from the Renqinze area, central part of southern Lhasa subterrane.The granodiorites were crystallized at ca.180 Ma, which belongs to Early Jurassic.They are characterized by relatively high SiO2 (62.77%-64.18%) contents and low K2O/Na2O (0.29-0.60) and A/CNK values (0.90-0.98).These geochemical characteristics are similar to Ⅰ-type calc-alkaline rocks.Renqinze granodiorites are enriched in LILEs (e.g. Ba and U) and depleted in HFSEs (e.g. Nb and Ta), showing the geochemical affinity of arc-related magmatism.The granodiorites fall into the range of partial melts of meta-basaltic rocks due to their high CaO, low total alkaline and Al2O3 contents.The accordant results of Ti-in-zircon and whole-rock zircon saturation temperature suggest that the Renqinze granitoid rocks were derived from the lower continental crust.Moreover, the granodiorites show low (87Sr/86Sr)i(0.703 671-0.703 794), high εNd(t)(5.41-5.66) and zircon εHf(t)(12.6-14.8) values, indicating they were likely generated from partial melting of a juvenile mafic lower crust.The Renqinze granitodiorites represent the products of subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean.The timing for the opening of the Neo-Tethys is at least before Late Triassic.
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Key words:
- Renqinze /
- granodiorites /
- Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes /
- southern Lhasa subterrane /
- Neo-Tethys ocean /
- subduction /
- geochemistry /
- geochronology
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图 1 拉萨地块中生代岩浆岩分布
修改自Zhu et al.(2013).BNS.班公湖-怒江缝合带；IYZS.雅鲁藏布江缝合带；SNMZ.狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带；STDS.藏南拆离断层系；MBT.主边界逆冲断层；MCT.主中央逆冲断层
Fig. 1. Distribution of the Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the Lhasa terrane
图 3 仁钦则花岗闪长岩体的野外特征(a)、手标本照片(b)和显微照片(c)
Am.角闪石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英
Fig. 3. Images of field (a), hand specimen (b) and cross-polarized light in a slice (c) for the Renqinze granodiorites
图 4 仁钦则花岗闪长岩(16RQZ-11)锆石年龄及代表性锆石的阴极发光图像
红色实线圈和蓝色虚线圈分别代表锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素分析测试点
Fig. 4. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon concordia diagram with representative cathodoluminescence images for the Renqinze granodiorite (16RQZ-11)
图 5 仁钦则花岗闪长岩(16RQZ-11)锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式
闪长岩和花岗闪长岩数据引自Huang et al.(2017)
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern for zircons from the Renqinze granodiorite (16RQZ-11)
图 6 仁钦则花岗闪长岩体锆石εHf(t)-t图解
Fig. 6. εHf(t)-t diagram for zircons of the Renqinze granodiorites
图 7 仁钦则花岗闪长岩体的TAS图解(a)、K2O-SiO2图解(b)和A/NK-A/CNK图解(c)
Fig. 7. Diagrams of TAS (a), K2O-SiO2 (b) and A/NK-A/CNK (c) for the Reqinze granodiorites
图 8 仁钦则花岗闪长岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式(a)和原始地幔标准化多元素蛛网图(b)
Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and PM-normalized multi-element spider diagram (b) for the Renqinze granodiorites
图 9 仁钦则花岗闪长岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩数据引自Xu and Castillo(2004)
Fig. 9. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions for the Renqinze granodiorites
图 11 仁钦则花岗闪长岩的源区判定图解
修改自Patiño Douce(1999)；Altherr et al.(2000)
Fig. 11. The discrimination diagrams showing the source composition for the Renqinze granodiorites
图 12 仁钦则花岗闪长岩构造背景判别图解
据Pearce et al.(1984)；Batchelor and Bowden(1985)
Fig. 12. Tectonic discrimination diagrams for the Renqinze granodiorites
图 13 早侏罗世新特提斯洋北向俯冲过程及岩浆活动简图
Fig. 13. A conceptual diagram illustrating the formation of the magmatic rocks in the Lhasa terrane during the Early Jurassic
表 1 仁钦则花岗闪长岩(16RQZ-11)锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for the Renqinze granodiorite (16RQZ-11)
点号 元素含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) Pb Th U 207Pb/235U 1 σ 206Pb/238U 1 σ 207Pb/235U 1 σ 206Pb/238U 1 σ 01 6.8 88 188 0.47 0.211 3 0.018 9 0.028 2 0.000 4 195 16 179 3 02 6.4 84 170 0.49 0.215 6 0.010 4 0.028 3 0.000 4 198 9 180 3 03 20.8 432 502 0.86 0.196 2 0.013 3 0.028 5 0.000 4 182 11 181 3 04 7.8 134 204 0.66 0.197 7 0.009 4 0.028 3 0.000 4 183 8 180 2 05 11.8 228 293 0.78 0.195 7 0.008 9 0.028 5 0.000 4 182 8 181 2 06 8.0 113 209 0.54 0.209 1 0.010 2 0.028 4 0.000 4 193 9 181 2 07 8.6 131 224 0.59 0.197 4 0.009 1 0.028 2 0.000 3 183 8 179 2 08 4.7 63 126 0.50 0.213 7 0.012 4 0.028 5 0.000 4 197 10 181 3 09 8.9 181 227 0.80 0.203 1 0.009 9 0.028 5 0.000 4 188 8 181 3 10 9.9 177 262 0.68 0.200 6 0.009 6 0.028 6 0.000 4 186 8 182 2 11 9.2 144 248 0.58 0.203 6 0.009 4 0.028 3 0.000 3 188 8 180 2 12 8.0 133 218 0.61 0.206 0 0.010 1 0.028 6 0.000 4 190 9 182 3 13 6.0 77 164 0.47 0.213 5 0.025 8 0.028 6 0.000 8 196 22 182 5 14 7.9 134 218 0.61 0.213 5 0.013 0 0.028 3 0.000 4 197 11 180 2 15 4.9 60 141 0.42 0.217 6 0.014 1 0.028 5 0.000 5 200 12 181 3 16 8.0 139 218 0.64 0.195 6 0.011 4 0.028 3 0.000 4 181 10 180 3 17 5.9 101 165 0.61 0.188 8 0.012 3 0.028 3 0.000 4 176 11 180 3 18 9.0 182 250 0.73 0.211 7 0.022 2 0.028 5 0.000 5 195 19 181 3 19 6.8 91 192 0.47 0.196 5 0.011 0 0.028 4 0.000 4 182 9 180 3 
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表 2 仁钦则花岗闪长岩(16RQZ-11)锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb微量元素含量(10-6)
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon trace elements data (10-6) for the Renqinze granodiorite (16RQZ-11)
点号 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Ti 5.00 3.29 5.12 7.34 4.44 3.78 3.89 7.58 4.30 5.02 5.29 5.01 3.72 8.03 4.25 4.28 3.77 3.37 6.44 Sr 0.17 0.87 0.29 1.70 0.48 0.29 0.19 1.41 0.15 0.24 0.18 0.29 0.27 0.92 0.14 0.22 0.25 0.66 0.30 Y 739.4 496.6 1257.7 516.3 995.0 559.1 477.1 741.8 580.3 770.2 749.7 1057.6 754.0 744.9 534.6 639.6 429.6 572.8 886.9 Nb 1.92 1.23 5.22 1.41 3.43 1.49 1.21 1.38 1.89 2.22 2.06 2.00 2.18 1.98 1.16 1.77 1.15 1.73 2.20 La 0.00 1.07 0.00 1.70 0.36 0.01 0.02 0.83 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.15 0.78 0.01 Ce 9.65 9.62 29.55 12.47 21.34 9.99 9.54 11.31 12.82 13.48 12.43 12.87 9.91 10.96 8.30 9.84 8.99 12.22 11.89 Pr 0.01 0.29 0.03 0.40 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.22 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.16 0.03 Nd 0.32 1.24 0.19 2.04 0.90 0.27 0.40 1.18 0.54 0.48 0.71 1.32 0.47 0.60 0.29 0.52 0.47 0.90 0.54 Sm 1.08 0.78 2.00 1.27 1.75 0.73 0.84 1.45 1.03 1.29 1.31 2.24 0.71 1.10 0.64 1.01 0.88 0.83 1.32 Eu 0.77 0.43 1.21 0.54 0.64 0.50 0.41 0.76 0.62 0.75 0.64 1.17 0.58 0.70 0.51 0.58 0.35 0.48 0.66 Gd 8.32 6.22 16.01 6.48 13.07 6.38 5.96 9.69 8.15 9.50 8.58 13.91 7.82 9.58 5.87 6.96 5.54 7.77 9.74 Tb 3.50 2.37 7.08 2.64 5.08 2.65 2.31 3.54 2.87 3.68 3.27 5.34 3.81 3.63 2.32 3.25 2.11 2.89 4.04 Dy 47.17 33.41 90.38 36.15 67.87 37.61 32.45 48.47 41.05 51.51 48.73 73.72 46.91 48.69 32.44 42.75 28.70 38.47 56.35 Ho 23.89 15.11 39.39 16.14 31.51 17.41 15.04 22.16 17.72 23.61 23.05 32.71 22.81 22.82 15.95 19.89 13.06 17.24 26.63 Er 124.0 83.1 203.1 84.7 165.0 92.6 78.7 123.2 92.7 128.4 123.8 171.1 128.2 121.8 87.6 104.5 70.0 92.9 145.2 Tm 32.14 21.15 49.28 20.94 40.86 23.39 19.93 31.44 23.56 32.24 31.28 43.03 32.31 31.32 23.61 26.55 17.90 22.42 37.20 Yb 365.3 244.9 522.9 235.6 447.0 262.2 221.7 351.3 258.6 362.0 351.3 472.0 365.6 354.3 268.6 296.9 195.8 248.0 415.8 Lu 91.9 61.5 121.6 57.0 106.7 64.2 54.7 87.5 63.1 86.9 85.8 117.1 90.2 85.7 67.3 73.4 48.7 63.1 103.7 Hf 9 206 9 852 10 091 9 423 9 557 10 060 9 684 8 952 10 214 9 357 9 716 9 094 8 687 9 530 10 288 8 723 9 952 9 604 9 802 Ta 0.89 0.59 1.59 0.56 1.04 0.62 0.54 0.56 0.71 0.93 0.78 0.69 0.73 0.80 0.63 0.56 0.45 0.87 0.78 Ti* 684 652 685 715 674 662 664 717 672 684 688 684 661 722 671 671 662 654 704 注：Ti*表示根据锆石Ti温度计测得的温度，计算方法见Watson and Harrison(2005).
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表 3 仁钦则花岗闪长岩(16RQZ-11)锆石Hf同位素分析结果
Table 3. Hf isotopic results of the Renqinze granodiorite (16RQZ-11)
点号 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2 σ t εHf(t) tDM1(Ma) tDM2(Ma) fLu/Hf 02 0.026 529 0.001 347 0.283 060 0.000 013 180 14.0 274 328 -0.96 04 0.036 221 0.001 763 0.283 069 0.000 018 180 14.3 264 310 -0.95 05 0.029 755 0.001 468 0.283 020 0.000 018 181 12.6 333 420 -0.96 06 0.035 706 0.001 739 0.283 061 0.000 016 181 14.0 276 329 -0.95 07 0.024 040 0.001 211 0.283 034 0.000 015 179 13.1 310 387 -0.96 08 0.035 033 0.001 729 0.283 054 0.000 016 181 13.7 286 345 -0.95 09 0.032 135 0.001 568 0.283 052 0.000 016 181 13.7 287 347 -0.95 10 0.029 546 0.001 465 0.283 051 0.000 016 182 13.7 287 347 -0.96 11 0.042 485 0.001 970 0.283 067 0.000 013 180 14.1 269 318 -0.94 12 0.047 662 0.002 288 0.283 085 0.000 016 182 14.8 244 277 -0.93 15 0.034 362 0.001 665 0.283 027 0.000 015 181 12.8 324 405 -0.95 16 0.037 713 0.001 769 0.283 051 0.000 016 180 13.6 291 353 -0.95 17 0.031 667 0.001 580 0.283 033 0.000 016 180 13.0 315 392 -0.95 19 0.029 945 0.001 494 0.283 048 0.000 019 180 13.5 293 357 -0.96
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表 4 仁钦则花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)含量
Table 4. Major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) data of the Renqinze granodiorites
样品号 16RQZ-11 16RQZ-12 16RQZ-13 16RQZ-14 16RQZ-15 16RQZ-16 SiO2 63.39 62.77 63.65 63.70 63.00 64.18 TiO2 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 Al2O3 16.52 16.56 16.22 16.36 16.43 16.57 Fe2O3t 4.79 5.14 4.96 5.14 5.41 4.87 MnO 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.15 MgO 1.96 2.19 1.93 1.97 2.15 1.98 CaO 5.83 4.94 4.94 5.23 5.09 5.05 Na2O 3.98 3.65 4.14 3.61 3.94 3.47 K2O 1.16 1.79 1.78 1.82 1.65 2.09 P2O5 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 LOI 1.56 1.64 1.48 1.32 1.08 1.01 Total 99.87 99.35 99.77 99.8 99.43 99.87 K2O/Na2O 0.29 0.49 0.43 0.50 0.42 0.60 Cr 10.45 34.85 48.4 37.12 50.65 11.84 Co 10.91 14.1 14.58 11.52 11.94 11.77 Ni 5.116 5.869 5.183 5.669 6.066 5.435 Sc 10.95 11.67 10.65 9.658 10.96 9.986 V 82.22 89.97 75.81 84.66 87.25 82.58 Cu 9.051 14.5 12.48 10.34 15.9 13.28 Zn 56.2 70.34 62.1 58.64 59.47 60.98 Ge 1.721 1.426 1.449 1.48 1.481 1.353 Ga 15.69 16.3 15.98 15.5 15.53 15.77 Rb 26.21 42.92 29.146 34 39.14 43.95 Sr 514.4 468.4 475.4 462.7 426.4 445.4 Ba 531 766.3 619.2 695.7 638.8 954.4 Th 3.856 4.53 3.189 3.125 3.934 3.943 U 1.24 1.258 1.386 1.183 1.291 1.201 Pb 8.203 10.08 6.555 6.056 7.654 6.973 Nb 6.418 6.26 6.32 5.883 6.415 5.516 Ta 0.505 0.498 0.386 0.409 0.495 0.362 Zr 84.29 70.13 84.34 74.67 82.38 63.45 Hf 2.302 1.983 2.121 2.088 2.196 1.857 Y 13.65 13.5 12.39 12.46 13.77 11.86 La 13.80 11.26 11.79 11.06 13.73 12.33 Ce 25.02 22.44 21.96 20.57 25.94 22.47 Pr 2.77 2.56 2.65 2.43 2.82 2.43 Nd 10.60 10.15 10.37 9.62 10.90 9.41 Sm 2.29 2.26 2.18 2.12 2.34 2.05 Eu 0.74 0.71 0.73 0.71 0.76 0.71 Gd 2.33 2.32 2.13 2.13 2.35 2.10 Tb 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.34 0.38 0.33 Dy 2.28 2.33 2.25 2.17 2.32 2.05 Ho 0.48 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.42 Er 1.35 1.39 1.38 1.30 1.42 1.23 Tm 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.19 Yb 1.46 1.47 1.40 1.36 1.50 1.29 Lu 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.21 δEu 0.98 0.95 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.04 (La/Yb)N 6.80 5.49 6.03 5.82 6.56 6.87 (Dy/Yb)N 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.06 TZr* 704 699 706 701 706 692 注：TZr*表示全岩Zr饱和温度，计算方法据Watson and Harrison(1983).
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表 5 仁钦则花岗闪长岩Sr-Nd同位素分析结果
Table 5. Sr-Nd isotopic data of the Renqinze granodiorites
样品号 16RQZ-11 16RQZ-12 16RQZ-14 16RQZ-16 16RQZ-16-R Rb(10-6) 26.21 42.92 34.00 43.95 43.95 Sr(10-6) 514.4 468.4 462.7 445.4 445.4 87Rb/86Sr 0.15 0.27 0.21 0.29 0.29 87Sr/86Sr 0.704 171 0.704 350 0.704 296 0.704 454 0.704 438 1 σ 0.000 009 0.000 008 0.000 006 0.000 009 0.000 007 (87Sr/86Sr)i 0.703 794 0.703 671 0.703 752 0.703 724 0.703 707 Sm(10-6) 2.29 2.26 2.12 2.05 2.05 Nd(10-6) 10.60 10.15 9.62 9.41 9.41 147Sm/144Nd 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 143Nd/144Nd 0.512 850 0.512 850 0.512 851 0.512 841 0.512 839 1 σ 0.000 005 0.000 004 0.000 006 0.000 005 0.000 005 (143Nd/144Nd)i 0.512 696 0.512 691 0.512 694 0.512 686 0.512 683 εNd(t) 5.66 5.56 5.62 5.46 5.41 tDM(Ma) 552 580 567 576 581 tDM2(Ma) 479 480 478 493 497 注：16RQZ-16-R为重复样.
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