Metallogenic Regularity, Deep and Periphery Prospecting of Dangba Superlarge Spodumene Deposit in Aba, Sichuan Province
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摘要: 党坝矿区位于松潘-甘孜稀有金属成矿带东段，可尔因矿田的东南部，是我国超大型锂辉石矿床之一.为了解该矿床地质特征及成矿规律，查明工作区深部及外围地质找矿方向，梳理了现有工作成果和野外地质观察结果，总结工作区岩浆岩岩相的空间变化特征、控岩控矿构造力学特征，对成矿规律进行了深入分析.研究表明：（1）党坝矿区主矿脉Ⅷ是2期成矿作用叠加、复合形成的钠长石锂辉石+锂云母型伟晶岩脉，每期伟晶岩脉内构造分带明显，自外向内分别是锂云母钠长石伟晶岩带、白云母钠长石伟晶岩带、锂辉石钠长石伟晶岩带；（2）主成矿期的应力场为EW向挤压，形成了矿区内的NW向和NEE向2组剪裂隙，伟晶岩脉充填其中，形成了呈"X"型分布的伟晶岩脉带；（3）以Ⅵ矿脉为成岩成矿中心，NW走向的伟晶岩矿脉带向南东侧伏，NE走向的伟晶岩矿脉带向北东侧伏，为工作区开展深部及外围地质找矿指明了方向.Abstract: The Dangba pegmatite-type spodumene deposit, located in the southeast of Keeryin orefield, also in the eastern part of Songpan-Ganze rare metal ore-forming belt, is one of super-large spodumene deposits in Sichuan, China. In order to find out the ore-forming potential in the deep and periphery, combining with the previous research results and field geological observation, this paper summarizes the spatial variation characteristics of magmatic rock facies and the mechanical characteristics of rock controlling structures in mining area, deeply analyzes the metallogenic regularity, and proposed the direction of geological prospecting. It is concluded as follows:(1) The main vein Ⅷ in Dangba mining area is albite spodumene+lepidolite type pegmatite vein formed by two-stage mineralization of superposition and recombination. The pegmatite intrastructural zoning is obvious in each period, with the lepidolite albite pegmatite belt, the muscovite albite pegmatite belt, and the spodumene albite pegmatite zone distributed from the outside to the inside; (2) Being controlled by the NW-trending and NEE-trending structures, the mineralized pegmatite belts show a trend of "X" type distribution; (3) Being centered around the diagenetic mineralization, vein Ⅵ NW extensional veins pitch to southeast, and the NE extensional veins pitch to northeast. This study indicates the direction of the deep and peripheral geological prospecting for Dangba spodumene deposit.
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图 1 四川省马尔康党坝锂辉石矿床大地构造位置
据李建康和王登红(2007)修改；1.蛇绿混杂岩带；2.滑脱带；3.逆冲断层；4.飞来峰；5.平移断层；6.深层高温韧性滑脱剪切带出露范围；7.褶皱轴线；8.中生代花岗岩；9.韧性滑移矢量；Ⅰ.羌塘－昌都陆块，Ⅱ.松潘－甘孜造山带，Ⅲ.扬子陆块；A1.中咱微板块，A2.白玉－义敦弧前(间)带，A3.沙鲁里主弧逆冲断带，B1.摩天岭逆冲滑脱－推覆带，B2.马尔康被动陆缘中央褶皱推覆带，B3.汶川－丹巴腹陆弧形滑脱－推覆带，B4.雅江被动陆缘中央褶皱带－推覆带，B5.木里腹陆弧形滑脱－推覆带，C1.龙门山前陆逆冲带，C2.盐源前陆逆冲带；①金沙江蛇绿混杂岩带，②定曲－盖玉冲断层，③甘孜－理塘蛇绿混杂岩带，④鲜水河平移剪切带，⑤青川逆冲带，⑥丹巴北缘滑脱带，⑦后龙门山断裂带，⑧木里断裂带，⑨北川－映秀断裂带，⑩金河－菁河断裂带
Fig. 1. Geotectonic location map of Dangba spodumene ore deposit, Maerkang county, Sichuan Province
图 2 党坝锂辉石矿床区域地质简图
据李建康和王登红(2007)修编；1.杂谷脑组，2.侏倭组，3.新都桥组，4.石英闪长岩，5.黑云母花岗岩，6.黑云母二长花岗岩，7.黑云母正长花岗岩，8.二云母花岗岩，9.白云钠长花岗岩，10.花岗伟晶岩，11.花岗细晶岩，12.花岗斑岩，13.石英脉，14.断层，15.地质界线，16.河流，17.同位素年龄及测试方法(数据来源李建康等，2006；赵永久，2007；时章亮等，2009)；①热门达岩体，②太阳河岩体，③纳河岩体，④斯约武岩体，⑤年克岩体，⑥斯曼措岩体，⑦可尔因岩体，⑧木足岩体，⑨根则岩体，⑩木足渡岩体；⑪党坝矿区，⑫李家沟矿区，⑬集沐矿区
Fig. 2. The regional geolgocial sketch map of Dangba spodumene ore deposit
图 3 四川党坝锂辉石矿区平面图(a)和11线剖面图(b)
1.第四系；2.三叠系上统侏倭组；3.三叠系中统杂谷脑组；4.角岩；5.碳质板岩；6.白云母花岗岩；7.黑云母、电气石伟晶岩；8.矿脉及编号；9.构造；10.河流；11.剖面及编号；12.探槽及编号；13.钻孔及编号
Fig. 3. The geological plane of spodumene mine area(a) and the section of line 11 (b)
图 4 大渡河东岸伟晶岩脉围岩中揉皱石英脉(a)和“工”字型花岗伟晶岩脉(b)；双江口附近可尔因岩体内锂云母伟晶岩脉(c)；党坝3 900 m中段Ⅷ号脉中部的锂辉石(d)
Fig. 4. crumple structure of quartz vein (a) in wall rocks of pegmatite and the "工" shape-liked granite pegmatite veins (b) on the eastern bank of Dadu river; the lepidolite pegmatite vein occurred in Keeryin rock mass near Shuangjiangkou (c); the spodumene formed in the Ⅷ vein of the lever 3 900 m at Dangba (d)
图 5 党坝矿区zk1705(a)、zk1704(b)钻孔部分柱状图及zk1705钻孔锂云母伟晶岩与白云母伟晶岩的接触界限照片(c)
Fig. 5. Partial drilling histogram of zk1705 (a)、zk1704 (b) in Dangba mine area, and photo showing the contact line between lepidolite pegmatite and muscovite pegmatite in zk1705 (c)
图 6 可尔因矿田伟晶岩型矿床的结晶分异式成岩成矿模式
1.石英闪长岩；2.黑云母花岗岩；3.二云母花岗岩；4.白云母花岗岩；5.二云母微斜长石型伟晶岩；6.白云母钠长石型伟晶岩；7.白云母钠长石锂辉石型伟晶岩；8.钠长石锂云母型伟晶岩；据李建康和王登红(2007)修改
Fig. 6. The crystallization differentiation model of pegmatite type deposit in Keeryin area
图 7 党坝矿区锂辉石伟晶岩型矿脉同期配套构造张剪裂隙及其找矿靶区预测示意
1.已知伟晶岩岩脉；2.推测伟晶岩脉；3.已知构造剪切带；4.推测构造剪切带
Fig. 7. Sketch map of tenso-shear fractures of pegmatites in Dangba and predicting prospecting target
图 8 党坝矿区伟晶岩及其围岩产出特征
a.根则岩体附近的伟晶岩壳；b.党坝Ⅰ脉粗粒锂辉石晶体；c.党坝Ⅵ脉蜂窝状锂辉石集合体；d.党坝Ⅵ脉附近围岩中的红柱石集合体；e.党坝Ⅵ脉附近围岩中的堇青石集合体
Fig. 8. The occurrence characteristics of pegmatites and their wall rocks in Dangba area
表 1 党坝矿区主要含矿伟晶岩脉特征
Table 1. Characteristics of main ore-bearing pegmatite veins in Dangba
编号 长度(m) 深度(m) 厚度(m) 产状 伟晶岩脉 矿体 伟晶岩脉 矿体 伟晶岩脉 矿体(最厚) 矿体(最薄) 倾向(°) 倾角(°) Ⅰ 135 135 175 175 15 15 5 345 42 Ⅳ 120 120 100 100 12 12 4 2 55 Ⅴ 192 192 150 150 13 13 4 320 57 Ⅵ 464 464 150 150 23 23 6 358 33 Ⅶ 1 020 400 285 285 9 9 2 42 Ⅷ 3 340 3 340 ＞780 680 67 67 1 44 Ⅸ 304 130 150 65 5 2 - 242 85 Ⅹ 185 185 122 40 4 4 - 55 71 Ⅺ 188 188 134 134 5 5 - 57 69 ⅩⅤ 1 012 1 012 500 500 12 12 - 55 80 注：资料来源四川省马尔康党坝乡锂辉石矿矿业评估报告, 2012, 成都(内部资料). 
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表 2 党坝矿区zk1705钻孔岩心样品铌钽测试结果(10-6)
Table 2. The Nb/Ta analysis results of zk1705 drilling in Dangba
样品编号 Nb2O5 Ta2O5 Nb Ta Nb/Ta zkH1 80 70 28.0 28.7 0.98 zkH2 80 60 28.0 24.6 1.14 zkH3 90 70 31.5 28.7 1.10 zkH4 60 140 21.0 57.3 0.37 zkH5 120 180 41.9 73.7 0.57 zkH6 50 40 17.5 16.4 1.07 zkH7 60 80 21.0 32.8 0.64 注：测试单位：国家地质实验测试中心.
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