Composition Characteristics and Provenance Implication of Modern Dust in the West Philippine Sea
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摘要: 为识别西菲律宾海现代风尘物质的具体来源及其携带动力，本次研究于2015年冬季对西菲律宾海上空风尘进行了采集，并系统分析了碎屑态组分的矿物组成和常、微量元素组合特征.西菲律宾海现代风尘沉积物中碎屑矿物成分主要有石英、伊利石、斜长石和石膏等，矿物形态均呈次棱角状，具有明显的风成沉积特征.所研究样品的Al2O3-TiO2投影主要与鄂尔多斯沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠物质相似，而其微量元素Zr-Th-Sc组成则表现为鄂尔多斯沙漠和塔克拉玛干沙漠物质的两端元混合，说明鄂尔多斯沙漠是西菲律宾海现代风尘的主要源区，而塔克拉玛干沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠的风尘输入对该区的影响较小.后向轨迹分析表明，西菲律宾海冬季的风尘携带动力主要是东亚冬季风.Abstract: To discriminate the provenances and the transport mechanism of modern eolian sediments in the West Philippine Sea,mineral compositions as well as major and trace elements in the detrital phase of modern dust samples collected from the sea in the winter of 2015 were analyzed. Quartz,illite,plagioclase and gypsum are the most common detrital minerals,which are subangular and show obvious characteristics of aeolian deposits. The samples in our study show similar characteristics with the eolian dust from the Ordos Desert and the Badain Jaran Desert in the TiO2 versus Al2O3 diagram. Furthermore,the Zr-Th-Sc compositions of our samples display a binary mixing of the sediments from the Ordos Desert and the Taklimakan Desert. These results indicate that the Ordos Desert is the dominant source of the modern dust input to the Philippine Sea,whereas the contributions of the Taklimakan Desert and the Badain Jaran Desert are relatively small. In terms of the backward trajectory analysis,the modern eolian dust in the Philippine Sea is dominantly transported by the Eastern Asian Winter Monsoon.
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Key words:
- the West Philippine Sea /
- modern dust /
- mineralogy /
- major and trace elements /
- provenance
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图 1 西菲律宾海现代风尘采样点位、东亚冬季风、西风及亚洲沙漠示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic map showing the modern dust sampling sites in the West Philippine Sea, East Asian Winter monsoon, the prevailing Westerlies and Trades and Asian deserts
图 2 西菲律宾海现代风尘碎屑矿物的扫描电镜形貌图
a.石英; b.伊利石; c.石膏
Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrography of modern aeolian sediments over the West Philippine Sea
图 3 西菲律宾海现代风尘Al2O3-TiO2物源判别图解
作为对比的潜在源区包括：鄂尔多斯沙漠(Liu et al., 2015; Wen et al., 2016)；巴丹吉林沙漠(Hu and Yang, 2016)；塔克拉玛干沙漠(Yang et al., 2007)；中国黄土(张虎才等, 1997; Ding et al., 2001; Qiao et al., 2011)；阴影部分代表不同区域风尘物质的Al2O3-TiO2分布特征，其中蓝色代表本研究中现代风尘样品，红色代表塔克拉玛干沙漠物质，绿色代表亚洲东部沙漠(鄂尔多斯沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠)物质，浅黄色代表中国南、北方黄土-古土壤
Fig. 3. TiO2 versus Al2O3 diagram for the modern dust samples in the West Philippine Sea
图 4 西菲律宾海现代风尘Zr-Th-Sc三角图
作为对比的潜在源区包括：鄂尔多斯沙漠(Rao et al., 2011)；巴丹吉林沙漠(Hu and Yang, 2016)；塔克拉玛干沙漠(Yang et al., 2007)；中国黄土(张虎才等, 1997; Ding et al., 2001; Qiao et al., 2011)；阴影部分代表不同区域风尘物质的Zr-Th-Sc变化范围，其中蓝色代表本研究中现代风尘样品，红色代表塔克拉玛干沙漠物质，绿色代表亚洲东部沙漠(鄂尔多斯沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠)物质，浅黄色代表中国南、北方黄土-古土壤
Fig. 4. Zr-Th-Sc discrimination diagram for the modern dust samples in the West Philippine Sea
图 5 西菲律宾海2015年冬季海面风场模式图及W04、W13站位后向轨迹分析图
Fig. 5. Sea surface wind field of the West Philippine Sea in the winter of 2015 and backward trajectories of site W04、W13
表 1 西菲律宾海现代风尘物质及潜在源区相关物质的常量元素组成对比(%)
Table 1. Comparison on compositions of major elements between modern aeolian sediments and related materials (%)
西菲律宾海现代风尘 深海沉积物 全球标准物质 陆源风尘物质 平均值1 MD06-30472 上陆壳3 塔克拉玛干沙漠4 鄂尔多斯沙漠5 巴丹吉林沙漠6 中国黄土7 Al2O3 9.72 14.06 15.20 9.98 9.47 9.87 11.88 CaO 9.88 11.75 4.20 9.05 1.32 4.59 7.80 Fe2O3 1.32 5.99 5.00 3.38 1.70 4.36 4.18 K2O 0.53 1.54 3.40 1.87 2.31 1.99 2.25 MgO 2.63 2.84 2.20 2.49 0.49 2.13 2.36 MnO 0.01 0.20 0.08 0.07 - - 0.06 Na2O 1.67 3.37 3.90 2.33 2.33 2.16 1.77 P2O5 0.18 0.03 - 0.11 - - 0.15 TiO2 0.45 0.59 0.50 0.54 0.16 0.27 0.60 注：1.为本次研究结果；2.引自 Xu et al. (2012) ；3.引自Taylor and Mclennan(1985)；4.引自Yang et al.(2007) ；5.引自Shu et al.(2016) ；6.引自Hu and Yang(2016)；7.引自Ding et al.(2001) ,Qiao et al.(2011) 
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