Characteristics of Mesozoic Source Rocks and Exploration Direction of Oil and Gas in the Eastern Depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
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摘要: 为了量化表征北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界主力烃源岩生、排烃特征,综合利用镜质体反射率(Ro)、残余有机碳含量(TOC)、岩石热解、干酪根镜检及饱和烃色谱等资料,在总结研究区烃源岩地化特征的基础上,通过油源对比明确主力烃源岩层并依托盆地模拟方法量化其生、排烃贡献.结果表明,北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界的两类原油均来源于区内中侏罗统和上侏罗统两套主力烃源岩层,其中,中侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度整体处于"好-最好"级别,上侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度则以"中等-好"为主;二者均存在早白垩世末期和早中新世两次生、排烃高峰,但上侏罗统的排烃速率[qe(max)=27.3×106 t/Ma]远高于中侏罗统的排烃速率[qe(max)=4.2×106 t/Ma],对研究区油气成藏的贡献更大.虽然下白垩统暗色泥岩的生烃潜力有限,但其底部砂岩与紧邻上侏罗统主力烃源岩层构成的"下生上储"式的源储配置关系是区内最重要的勘探目的层,其次为中、上侏罗统内部"自生自储"式的有利成藏组合,同时,中侏罗统下部"上生下储"式的成藏组合也应予以重视.Abstract: In order to quantify the characteristics of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of Mesozoic main source rocks in the eastern depression of the North Yellow Sea Basin,geochemicalcharacteristic of the Mesozoic source rocks in this study area was summarized by comprehensively using vitrinite reflectance (Ro),residual organic carbon (TOC),rock pyrolysis,kerogen microscopic examination and gas chromatographic analysis of saturated hydrocarbons and other geological data. Then on the base of these,this paper has clearly defined the chief source rocks through oil-source correlation and furtherquantified the contribution of hydrocarbongeneration and expulsion. The results show that two types of Mesozoic crude oil in eastern depression of the North Yellow Sea Basin are all originated from the two chief source rocks of the Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic. Among them,organic matter abundance of the Middle Jurassic source rocks is in the "good-best" level,while that of the Upper Jurassic source rocks is mainly in the "medium-good" level.The two sets of source rocks all have two peaks of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Early Cretaceous and Early Miocene. However,the hydrocarbon-expulsion rate of the Upper Jurassic source rocks[qe(max)=27.3×106 t/Ma] is much higher than that of the Middle Jurassic source rocks[qe(max)=4.2×106 t/Ma],which has the most important contribution to the hydrocarbon accumulation. Although the hydrocarbon generation potential of dark mudstones in the Lower Cretaceous is limited,the source-reservoir matching relationship between the bottom sandstone of the Lower Cretaceous and the chief source rocks of the Upper Jurassic is "lower generation and upperaccumulation",which is the first exploration target in this study area. The secondary target layer is the reservoir forming combination of "self generation and self accumulation" in the Middle and Upper Jurassic. And the reservoir combination of "upper generation and lower accumulation" in the lower part of the Middle Jurassicis also noteworthy in oil-gas exploration.
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图 1 北黄海盆地东部坳陷区域位置、构造区划与井位分布图(修改自刘金萍等, 2015;高丹等, 2016)
Fig. 1. Area Location, geotectonic division and well position maps of the eastern depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
图 2 北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界烃源岩有机质丰度分布直方图(SY/T 5735-1995, 1996)
Fig. 2. Abundance histogram of organic matter inMesozoic source rocks of the eastern depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
图 4 北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界Ro及岩浆热场分布特征
a.烃源岩Ro与深度关系图;b.岩浆岩平面分布图(据王任等, 2017)
Fig. 4. Distribution characteristics of Ro and magmatic thermal field in Mesozoic of the eastern depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
图 10 北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界生储盖组合示意图(修改自王改云等, 2016b)
Fig. 10. Diagrammatic sketch of Mesozoic source-reservoir-seal rock assembl age in the eastern depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
表 1 北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界烃源岩地化分析数据表
Table 1. Geochemical data chart of Mesozoic source rocks in the eastern depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
层位地化参数 中侏罗统J2 上侏罗统J3 下白垩统K1 有机质成熟度 Ro(%) $ {\frac{{1.06(78)}}{{0.73 \sim 2.20}}}$ $ {\frac{{0.98(149)}}{{0.47 \sim 3.41}}}$ $ {\frac{{0.85(50)}}{{0.37 \sim 2.50}}}$ Tmax(℃) $ {\frac{{446.7(236)}}{{369.0 \sim 549.0}}}$ ${\frac{{440.9(281)}}{{358.0 \sim 551.0}}} $ $ {\frac{{413.4(105)}}{{337.0 \sim 469.0}}}$ 有机质丰度 TOC(%) 泥岩 $ {\frac{{1.87(284)}}{{0.03 \sim 5.72}}}$ $ {\frac{{1.41(407)}}{{0.07 \sim 5.80}}}$ $ \frac{{0.77(136)}}{{0.07 \sim 5.34}}$ 炭质泥岩 ${\frac{{13.07(16)}}{{6.08 \sim 29.25}}} $ $ {\frac{{16.46(8)}}{{6.14 \sim 35.41}}}$ / 煤 $ \frac{{48.77(3)}}{{43.2 \sim 59.32}}$ $ \frac{{56.43(6)}}{{43.81 \sim 70.71}}$ / S1+S2 (mg/g) 泥岩 $\frac{{3.78(212)}}{{0.29 \sim 105.65}} $ $ {\frac{{4.06(258)}}{{0.02 \sim 40.27}}}$ $\frac{{2.56(104)}}{{0.02 \sim 27.4}} $ 炭质泥岩 ${\frac{{11.86(9)}}{{1.11 \sim 30.28}}} $ $ {\frac{{7.93(2)}}{{3.47 \sim 12.40}}}$ / 煤 ${\frac{{45.31(5)}}{{5.55 \sim 83.61}}} $ $ {\frac{{11.26(3)}}{{2.78 \sim 27.54}}}$ / 氯仿沥青“A”(%) $ {\frac{{0.2340(79)}}{{0.0084 \sim 1.4820}}}$ $ {\frac{{0.0802(62)}}{{0.0107 \sim 0.3755}}} $ $ \frac{{0.1168(19)}}{{0.0029 - 0.8360}}$ HC(10-6) ${\frac{{701.80(79)}}{{17.05 \sim 4054.10}}} $ ${\frac{{396.01(62)}}{{51.25 \sim 1648.98}}}$ $\frac{{672.15(19)}}{{16.50 \sim 5349.56}} $ 有机质类型 腐泥组(%) ${\frac{{50.23(71)}}{{0.00 \sim 79.41}}} $ ${\frac{{58.60(78)}}{{0.00 \sim 94.90}}} $ $\frac{{47.10(23)}}{{0.00 \sim 93.30}} $ 壳质组(%) ${\frac{{8.92(71)}}{{0.00 \sim 74.00}}} $ ${\frac{{24.60(78)}}{{0.00 \sim 87.7}}} $ $ \frac{{20.50(23)}}{{0.00 \sim 71.90}}$ 镜质组(%) ${\frac{{24.46(71)}}{{8.82 \sim 75.00}}}$ ${\frac{{12.20(78)}}{{1.80 \sim 34.00}}} $ $ {\frac{{18.50(23)}}{{2.00 \sim 58.00}}}$ 惰质组(%) $ {\frac{{16.37(71)}}{{3.70 \sim 40.00}}}$ ${\frac{{4.70(78)}}{{0.00 \sim 26.00}}} $ ${\frac{{13.90(23)}}{{0.00 \sim 57.00}}} $ 干酪根镜检 Ⅱ2、Ⅲ型为主, 见少量Ⅱ1型和极少数Ⅰ型 Ⅱ2和Ⅱ1型为主、少部分Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型 Ⅲ和Ⅱ2型为主, 见部分Ⅱ1型和极少量Ⅰ型 注:表中数据为$ \frac{{平均值(样品数)}}{{最小值 \sim 最大值}}$ 表 2 北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界烃源岩盆地模拟参数表
Table 2. Parameter table of basin modeling of Mesozoic source rocks in the Eastern Depression, North Yellow Sea Basin
地层 沉积相 砂岩含量(%) 暗色泥岩含量(%) 泥岩有机碳含量(%) 干酪根类型(%) I Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 Ⅲ J3 河流相 45 5 0.20 0 0 10 90 三角洲相 55 25 0.72 0 0 40 60 水下扇 35 10 0.45 0 0 30 70 滨-浅湖相 25 55 0.75 0 10 55 35 半深湖相 10 77 1.65 10 25 45 20 J2 三角洲相 55 25 0.65 0 0 35 65 水下扇 35 10 0.50 0 0 30 70 滨-浅湖相 25 50 0.80 0 5 50 45 半深湖相 15 70 2.00 0 5 40 55 浊积体 40 15 0.50 0 0 35 65 -
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