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    板溪锑矿两类石英脉成因及其对找矿的指示意义

    林智炜 吴堑虹 李欢 奚小双 孔华 唐宇蔷 刘飚

    林智炜, 吴堑虹, 李欢, 奚小双, 孔华, 唐宇蔷, 刘飚, 2020. 板溪锑矿两类石英脉成因及其对找矿的指示意义. 地球科学, 45(5): 1503-1516. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.207
    引用本文: 林智炜, 吴堑虹, 李欢, 奚小双, 孔华, 唐宇蔷, 刘飚, 2020. 板溪锑矿两类石英脉成因及其对找矿的指示意义. 地球科学, 45(5): 1503-1516. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.207
    Lin Zhiwei, Wu Qianhong, Li Huan, Xi Xiaoshuang, Kong Hua, Tang Yuqiang, Liu Biao, 2020. The Genesis of Two Types of Quartz Veins in Banxi Antimony Deposit and Their Prospecting Significance. Earth Science, 45(5): 1503-1516. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.207
    Citation: Lin Zhiwei, Wu Qianhong, Li Huan, Xi Xiaoshuang, Kong Hua, Tang Yuqiang, Liu Biao, 2020. The Genesis of Two Types of Quartz Veins in Banxi Antimony Deposit and Their Prospecting Significance. Earth Science, 45(5): 1503-1516. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.207

    板溪锑矿两类石英脉成因及其对找矿的指示意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.207
    基金项目: 

    中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目 2018zzts068

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      林智炜(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业

      通讯作者:

      吴堑虹

      李欢

    • 中图分类号: P611

    The Genesis of Two Types of Quartz Veins in Banxi Antimony Deposit and Their Prospecting Significance

    • 摘要: 板溪矿区内广泛发育无矿石英脉,其与含矿石英脉空间关系密切,但人们对两者是否具有成因联系并不清楚.围绕该问题作者开展了二者形成时代、成分组成及物质来源等方面的对比研究,结果发现含矿石英脉旁侧总是发育与其平行的无矿石英脉,二者无穿插关系,但存在连接二者的石英脉,结合区域地质资料认为无矿石英脉形成于燕山期,与含矿石英脉形成时代一致;无矿石英脉局部含微量辉锑矿±黄铁矿,脉体发育绢云母化、硅化等围岩蚀变,与含矿石英脉一致;无矿石英脉流体包裹体均一温度(143~266℃)和盐度(1.7%~8.5% NaCl eqv.)较含矿石英脉的均一温度(185~332℃)和盐度(3.3%~7.7% NaCl eqv.)略低,但二者均为中低温、低盐度的流体体系;激光拉曼分析显示两者流体气相组分均为H2O±CO2±CH4±N2,LA-ICP-MS测试结果显示无矿石英脉与含矿石英脉均含Sb、Fe、As等元素;无矿石英脉包裹体的δD值(-74.4‰~-69.7‰)、δ18OH2O值(2.6‰~3.4‰)、硫化物δ34S值(3.04‰~4.87‰)与含矿石英脉包裹体的δD值(-140‰~-107‰)、δ18OH2O值(5.9‰~8.4‰)、硫化物δ34S值(3.46‰~6.12‰)相似性较高,指示二者具有相同的物质来源.两类石英脉应属同一成矿热液系统,其差异是成矿流体混合的结果,因此其他热液矿床,特别是矿田范围内的无矿石英脉可能对矿脉具有指示作用,应引起重视.

       

    • 图  1  板溪锑矿床地质简图

      a.板溪锑矿区域地质图(彭建堂等, 2008);b.板溪锑矿矿区及边部地质图(Li et al., 2018);c.板溪锑矿8线石英脉空间关系剖面图;d.板溪锑矿19中段石英脉空间关系平面图;e.板溪锑矿17中段石英脉空间关系平面图. 1.三叠系-泥盆系地层; 2.元古界地层; 3.志留系-震旦系地层; 4.花岗岩; 5.锑矿点; 6.断层; 7.板溪群五强溪组上段第三亚段; 8.板溪群五强溪组上段第二亚段; 9.板溪群五强溪组上段第一亚段; 10.蚀变带; 11.勘探线; 12.含矿石英脉; 13.无矿石英脉; 14.巷道; 15.钻孔; 16.采样位置

      Fig.  1.  Geologic sketch map of the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  2  板溪锑矿两类石英脉野外地质特征

      a.绢云母化和毒砂化围岩;b.硅化围岩;c.无矿石英脉中的绿泥石;d.含矿石英脉中的稠密细脉浸染状辉锑矿和角砾状石英;e.含矿石英脉中稠密浸染状辉锑矿,块状辉锑矿围岩发生强烈的褪色化与毒砂化;f.含矿石英脉中稀疏细脉浸染状辉锑矿;g.富矿石英脉与贫矿石英脉平行排列;h.含细脉状辉锑矿的石英脉;i.含星点状辉锑矿的石英脉;j.不规则状无矿石英脉;k.连接无矿与含矿脉的缓倾石英脉;l.成矿后石英方解石脉

      Fig.  2.  Field geological characteristics of ore-free and ore-bearing quartz veins in Banxi antimony deposit

      图  3  板溪锑矿两类石英脉矿物显微特征照片

      Fig.  3.  Photomicrographs of ore-free and ore-bearing quartz veins in the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  4  板溪锑矿流体包裹体显微照片

      a.含矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体和纯液相包裹体共生;b.含矿石英脉I, II, Ⅲ型包裹体共生;c.无矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体和纯液相包裹体共生;d.无矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体与Ⅲ型包裹体共生

      Fig.  4.  Micrographs of fluid inclusions in the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  5  两类石英脉流体包裹体均一温度与盐度直方图

      a, b.无矿石英脉; c, d.含矿石英脉

      Fig.  5.  Histogram of homogenization temperature and salinity in fluid inclusions of two types of quartz veins in the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  6  板溪锑矿流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱

      a, b.无矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体;c, d.无矿石英脉Ⅲ型包裹体;e.含矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体;f.含矿石英脉Ⅲ型包裹体

      Fig.  6.  Raman spectra of fluid inclusion in quartz veins of the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  7  板溪锑矿硫化物S同位素组成

      Fig.  7.  Histogram of δ34S data for sulfide from the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  8  板溪锑矿流体包裹体盐度-均一温度关系

      Fig.  8.  Salinity-homogeneous temperature fluid inclusion plots of the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  9  板溪锑矿石英H-O同位素图解

      底图据Taylor(1974);渣滓溪矿床数据据何江等(1996);沃溪矿床数据据何谷先(1996);东安矿床数据据郭碧莹(2014)

      Fig.  9.  Plot of δD-δ18OH2O of the fluids in the Banxi antimony deposit

      图  10  板溪锑矿成矿模式

      Fig.  10.  Metallogenic model of the Banxi antimony deposit

      表  1  板溪锑矿包裹体样品采集位置

      Table  1.   Sampling location of the Banxi ore deposit

      样品号 采样位置 石英脉类型 矿物组合
      BX1 19中段20与16线间穿脉脉壁 无矿石英脉 石英
      BX2 18中段20线脉外巷 石英
      BX3 17中段20与22线间脉外巷 石英+辉锑矿(微量)+黄铁矿(微量)
      BX4 16中段20线附近沿脉 石英+辉锑矿(微量)
      BX5 11中段19线 含矿石英脉 辉锑矿+石英
      BX6 8中段2-2号矿体西端尾部 辉锑矿+石英
      BX7 17中段28线 辉锑矿+石英+黄铁矿+毒砂
      BX8 14中段2-1号矿体 辉锑矿+石英+黄铁矿
      12D19S1 15中段22线 辉锑矿+石英
      21D1S1 15中段11线 辉锑矿+石英
      17D8S2 17中段32线至28线 辉锑矿+石英
      802-1S1 17中段东端12线 辉锑矿+石英
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  板溪锑矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果统计

      Table  2.   Microthermometric data of fluid inclusion in the Banxi Sb deposit

      石英脉类型 样品编号 包裹体类型 数目 大小(μm) Tm(℃) Th(℃) w(NaCl eqv.)(%) ρ(g/cm3)
      范围 平均值 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 范围 平均值
      无矿石英脉 BX1 20 2~9 -5.5~-0.4 -2.8 159~262 210.6 0.6~8.5 4.5 0.86~0.92 0.891
      BX2 20 3~12 -3.8~-1.9 -2.9 155~239 180.5 3.1~6.1 4.8 0.89~0.96 0.927
      BX3 20 2~10 -4.1~-0.2 -2.6 142~232 189.6 0.3~6.5 4.2 0.88~0.96 0.911
      BX4 18 2~10 -4.9~-1.2 -3.1 143~216 181.2 2.0~7.7 5.0 0.89~0.96 0.932
      含矿石英脉 BX5 20 2~8 -4.9~-2.0 -3.7 185~332 244.6 3.3~7.7 6.0 0.74~0.92 0.863
      BX6 19 2~13 -4.7~-3.3 -4.0 203~320 257.3 5.3~7.4 6.3 0.59~0.90 0.829
      BX7 20 3~11 -3.7~-2.1 -3.1 203~293 236.1 3.4~5.9 5.0 0.77~0.91 0.863
      BX8 20 2~15 -2.7~-3.7 -3.2 202~249 225.3 4.4~5.9 5.2 0.86~0.90 0.880
      注:流体的盐度和密度由FLINCOR程序(Brown,1989)计算所得.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  板溪锑矿流体包裹体LA-ICP-MS分析结果(10-6)

      Table  3.   LA-ICP-MS analysis results of fluid inclusions in the Banxi antimony deposit (10-6)

      石英脉类型 序号 Fe Ni As Rb Sr Sn Sb Te Cs Ba W
      无矿石英脉 1 2 626.7 39.5 28.3 6.2 17.0 45.6 412.5 44.2 7.7 13.2 0.4
      2 1 447.7 63.3 171.7 8.9 44.9 196.9 1 058.0 13.5 10.5 23.7 5.3
      3 2 501.0 41.7 155.0 16.9 24.1 41.9 166.2 8.0 3.7 16.2 4.2
      4 2 943.0 250.8 76.9 14.1 58.2 101.9 864.0 56.8 8.4 43.0 11.4
      5 4 205.8 38.9 23.3 5.8 31.0 37.1 46.3 15.5 18.1 50.1 4.0
      6 534.9 20.8 13.7 2.4 29.3 84.7 697.7 10.7 25.2 5.0 2.8
      7 9 732.4 112.2 25.5 5.9 131.6 289.9 269.9 134.6 53.4 15.6 28.5
      8 853.7 77.5 - 5.3 19.0 27.9 208.6 - 1.9 12.1 0.9
      均值 3 105.7 80.6 70.6 8.2 44.4 103.3 465.4 40.5 16.1 22.4 7.2
      含矿石英脉 1 - 1 011.6 160.1 - 82.7 125.9 4 631.1 - 34.9 - 102.5
      2 13 809.5 - 476.3 34.0 - - 2 999.2 742.7 - - 2.6
      3 5 331.9 228.7 608.4 0.3 88.7 92.2 3 058.1 400.4 33.9 127.3 -
      4 9 761.5 53.7 370.7 12.3 15.0 341.5 791.4 4.4 - 303.7 22.2
      5 8 333.8 71.5 369.7 62.6 74.9 - 3 237.7 - 61.1 237.0 5.1
      均值 9 309.2 341.4 397.0 27.3 65.4 186.5 2 943.5 382.5 43.3 222.7 33.1
      注:“-”为低于检测限;表中数据使用SILLS软件(Guillong et al., 2008)处理.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  板溪锑矿石英脉H-O同位素组成

      Table  4.   H and O isotope composition of quartz vein in the Banxi antimony deposit

      样品编号 石英脉类型 测试矿物 δDV-SMOW(‰) δ18OV-SMOW(‰) δ18OH2O(‰) 均一温度(℃)
      BX2 无矿石英脉 石英 -69.7 15.6 2.6 181
      BX3 -70.8 15.4 3.4 195
      BX4 -74.4 15.2 2.2 181
      12D19S1 含矿石英脉 石英 -140 17.2 8.4 253
      21D1S1 -124 16.5 6.7 233
      17D8S2 -121 15.9 6.5 240
      802-1S1 -107 16.1 5.9 225
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  5  板溪锑矿硫化物S同位素组成

      Table  5.   S isotope composition of sulfides in the Banxi antimony deposit

      样品号 硫化物类型 石英脉类型 δ34S (‰)
      BX-3-1 辉锑矿 无矿石英脉 3.18
      BX-3-2 辉锑矿 3.04
      BX-4-1 辉锑矿 3.10
      BX-4-2 辉锑矿 3.20
      BX-3-3 黄铁矿 4.87
      BX-3-4 黄铁矿 4.64
      BX-3-5 黄铁矿 4.87
      BX-7-1 辉锑矿 含矿石英脉 3.46
      BX-7-2 辉锑矿 3.60
      BX-7-3 辉锑矿 3.46
      BX-7-4 黄铁矿 6.06
      BX-7-5 黄铁矿 6.04
      BX-7-6 黄铁矿 6.07
      BX-7-7 毒砂 6.12
      BX-7-8 毒砂 5.99
      BX-7-9 毒砂 6.12
      下载: 导出CSV
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