Palynological Record Revealed Anthropogenic Deforestation, Sea Level and Climate Changes since Marine Isotope Stage 5a in the Northeastern Coast of Fujian Province
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摘要: 通过获取了位于福建省宁德市海岸带的两个钻孔，并使用孢粉分析的方法来重建古环境.光释光和放射性碳十四测年结果表明，钻孔中最老的沉积物来自于深海氧同位素（MIS5a）阶段.孢粉组合中，海相沟鞭藻出现在MIS5a，MIS3早期和早、中全新世阶段，反映了这些时段的海侵事件.MIS5a以来，孢粉组合受控于常绿栎（Quercus）和松属（Pinus），指示了周边地区一直被亚热带阔叶林和松林所覆盖，表现了偏暖的亚热带气候.因此，孢粉证据揭示了末次盛冰期时该地区不存在大幅度的降温.芒萁属孢子和草本花粉的剧增指示了晚全新世以来宁德地区人类活动对天然植被的破坏.Abstract: In this study, we analyzed pollen samples from two drilling cores located on the coast near Ningde city of Fujian Province for reconstruction paleoenvironment. Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS 14C dating revealed that the oldest age in both cores was marine isotope stage (MIS5a). In pollen assemblages, marine dinoflagellate cysts occurred in MIS5a, early MIS3, early and middle Holocene, reflecting the transgression events in these phases. Since MIS5a, pollen assemblages were dominated by evergreen Quercus and Pinus, indicating that surrounding area was consistently covered by subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest and pine forest, which associated with warm subtropical climate. Therefore, this study confirmed that not obvious cooling occurred during the last glacial maximum (MIS2).Strong increase of Dicranopteris spores and non-arboreal pollen reflected that the human activity destroyed natural forest since the late Holocene in Ningde area.
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Key words:
- Ningde city of Fujian province /
- pollen /
- human activity /
- sea level change /
- early last glaciation /
- marine geology
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图 2 NDGK2孔与NDQK5孔中孢粉和藻类的浓度及地层对比
底部数字单位为粒/克
Fig. 2. Stratigraphy and concentration of pollen, concentricystes and marine dinocysts of cores NDGK2, NDQK5
图 3 NDGK2钻孔主要花粉类型百分比图
花粉百分比基于总花粉数量，孢子百分比基于花粉和孢子总数, 底部数字单位为%; 在Quercus中，D代表落叶，E代表常绿; 阴影表示高海平面阶段
Fig. 3. Percentage of major pollen taxa of core NDGK2
图 4 NDQK5钻孔主要花粉类型百分比图
花粉百分比基于总花粉数量，孢子百分比基于花粉和孢子总数; 底部数字单位为%; 在Quercus中，D代表落叶，E代表常绿; 阴影表示高海平面阶段
Fig. 4. Percentage of major pollen taxa of core NDQK5
图 5 南海北部3个钻孔松属花粉百分比与区域海平面重建的对比
MD05-2906孔数来自Dai et al.(2015); MD05-2904孔数据来自常琳等(2013); STD235孔数据来自Yu et al.(2017); 海平面数据来自Geyh et al.(1979)和Hanebuth et al.(2011)
Fig. 5. Comparison between Pinus pollen percentages of three cores in the northern South China Sea and reconstruction of regional sea-level
图 6 全球平均相对海平面重建及福建沿海地区高海平面时段
黑色棒和虚线框长度对应于下部年代，分别指示了本研究和他人研究揭示的高海平面时段（王绍鸿等，1994; 马明明等，2016）.全球平均相对海平面重建结果修改自文献Rohling et al.(2014)
Fig. 6. Reconstruction of global sea-level and high sea-level intervals in coasts of Fujian Province
表 1 NDGK2和NDQK5钻孔的AMS 14C测年结果
Table 1. AMS 14C and OSL dating samples and ages
样品号 深度（m） 样品 AMS 14C年代（a B.P.） 树轮校正后的年代范围2σ(95.4%)(a B.P.) NDGK2 14C-1 8.00 植物残体 580±20 641~589 NDGK2 14C-2 14.70 螺 4 580±20 5 323~5 284 NDGK2 14C-3 20.90 碳化植物残体 2 230±20 2 270~2 155 NDGK2 14C-4 24.90 片状贝壳碎片 8 195±25 9 258~9 032 NDGK2 14C-5 25.75 贝壳碎屑 8 225±25 9 290~9 090 NDGK2 14C-5-2 25.75 植物残体 7 995±25 8 999~8 770 NDGK2 14C-6 31.85 碳化植物残体 14 450±35 17 811~17 450 NDGK2 14C-7 33.10 碳化植物残体 36 320±230 41 485~40 408 NDGK2 14C-8 35.10 碳化植物残体 > 43 320 超过测试范围 NDGK2 14C-9 39.00 碳化植物残体 33 960±180 38 885~38 001 NDQK5 14C-1 7.35 螺 6 560±25 7 508~7 426 NDQK5 14C-2 12.47 螺 7 330±35 8 200~8 024 NDQK5 14C-3 13.40 螺 7 365±25 8 220~8 154 NDQK5 14C-4 18.90 双壳 8 120±35 9 134~8 993 NDQK5 14C-5 22.90 泥炭 22 280±70 26 852~26 206 NDQK5 14C-6 23.60 碳化植物残片 29 660±120 34 061~33 586 NDQK5 14C-7 30.10 碳化植物残体 41 500±300 45 541~44 376 NDQK5 14C-8 34.35 炭化木块 > 43 320 超过测试范围 NDQK5 14C-9 36.70 炭化植物根茎 > 43 320 超过测试范围 
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表 2 NDGK2和NDQK5钻孔的光释光测年结果
Table 2. NDGK2 and NDQK514C OSL dating results of the borehole
样品编号 深度（m） Th (10-6) error (10-6) U (10-6) error (10-6) 年龄（ka） 误差（ka） 粒径(µm) NDGK2-OSL-2 41.20~41.30 3.85 2.61 3.16 3.54 92.2 7.4 38~63 NDGK2-OSL-3 46.90~47.00 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 38~63 NDGK2-OSL-4 48.90~49.00 1.05 1.40 1.44 1.95 64.8 6.3 38~63 NDGK2-OSL-5 53.30~53.40 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 92.2 6.9 38~63 NDGK2-OSL-6 54.45~54.55 11.90 11.40 10.30 18.30 67.0 8.2 38~63 NDQK5-OSL-2 32.90~33.00 1.05 1.40 1.44 1.95 64.5 4.7 38~63 NDQK5-OSL-3 42.90~43.00 11.90 11.40 10.30 18.30 7.4 2.9 38~63 NDQK5-OSL-4 46.90~47.00 11.90 11.40 10.30 18.30 36.8 0.7 38~63
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