关于大陆构造研究的一些思考与讨论

张国伟; 郭安林

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.971

关于大陆构造研究的一些思考与讨论

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.971

西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 大陆构造协同创新中心, 地质学系, 陕西西安 710069

基金项目:

板块构造与大陆动力学发展战略研究项目 L1222034

详细信息

作者简介:
张国伟(1939-), 男, 西北大学教授, 中国科学院院士, 研究方向为造山带地质及前寒武纪地质

中图分类号: P54
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-06
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-15

Thoughts on Continental Tectonics

State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Cooperation Innovation Center of Continental Tectonics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China

摘要

摘要: 指出板块构造理论在解释大陆构造中的不足之处，从而在进一步深化板块构造理论发展的同时，构建大陆构造理论体系；通过长期大陆构造研究实践并利用国内外大陆造山带的6个例子提出有关大陆的基本问题，诸如早期大陆起源、超大陆方式演化的大陆演化机制以及大洋和大陆岩石圈的本质不同和构造旋回；说明大陆是由板块构造（包括可能的板块构造远程效应）和大陆自身机制分别形成的组分的拼合体.主张大陆有自身的机制操控它的起源、保存和演化.在排除了来自板块边缘以及板块远程效应的作用力的前提下，出现在陆内环境的造山作用可由大陆本身尤其可能由陆内中小块体之间的相互作用引发.需要强化大陆构造研究，在深化板块构造理论的同时，探索和创建大陆构造理论体系.
- 大陆构造 /
- 陆内造山作用 /
- 陆内造山机制 /
- 板块构造 /
- 构造地质
Abstract: From our long-term study on continental geology, it has been realized that the theory of plate tectonics is the main guiding principle, but it has limitations in the recognition and interpretation of continental geology. This paper presents firstly six specific examples of continental tectonics typified by orogens, by which it attempts to demonstrate that a continent is the tectonic collage comprising the components formed by plate tectonics (including the far field effect from plate active boundaries) and intracontinental mechanisms, respectively. It is proposed that the orogeny occurring in the intracontinental setting can be initiated by continent itself and more likely by the interaction of different blocks within a continent when there was no involvement of plate tectonics and the distant effect derived from plate tectonics. Furthermore, the authors raise a number of questions concerning the fundamental continental issues such as the origin of early continents, the mechanism of continental evolution in the form of supercontinent and the essential differences of oceanic and continental lithospheres and their tectonic cycles. These issues are not related to plate tectonics or cannot be solved by the theory of plate tectonics. In summary, besides plate tectonics works on continents, continents have their own law governing the origin, preservation and evolution of continents. Therefore, it is suggested to further develop the continental study while deepening the theory of plate tectonics.
- continental tectonics /
- intracontinental orogeny /
- intracontinental orogeny mechanism /
- plate tectonics /
- tectonics

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图 1 中生代晚期(J₃-K₁)秦岭造山带陆内造山的伸展构造-断陷盆地的形成以及同时期中生代地层(J-K)卷入构造变形

据张国伟等(2001)；a, b.勉县侏罗系地质构造剖面；c.商县王三底白垩系地质构造剖面；图a中：1.后造山中新生代陆内伸展隆升裂陷盆地；2.后造山早期的隆升伸展塌陷盆地；图b, c中：1.上白垩统；2.下白垩统；3.侏罗系；4.石炭-泥盆系；5.砂砾岩；6.千枚岩、片岩；7.滑石片岩；8.蛇纹岩；9.花岗岩；10.走滑断层；11.逆冲推覆断层

Fig. 1. Formation of extensional tectonics-fault basins and deformation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous strata during the Late Mesozoic (J₃-K₁) intracontinental orogeny in the Qinling orogen

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图 2 秦岭造山带岩石圈现今“立交桥”结构模型

Fig. 2. The decoupled "overpass-type" structure of the Qinling orogen

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图 3 华南大陆东西向剖面

据Zhang et al.(2013).断裂名称：1.茂汶断裂；2.北川-映秀断裂；3.安县-灌县断裂；4.龙泉山断裂；5.华蓥山断裂；6.齐曜山断裂；7.鹤峰-来凤断裂；8.花垣-张家界断裂；9.安化-溆浦断裂；10.祁阳弧形逆冲带; 11.江山-绍兴断裂; 12.赣江断裂; 13.吴川-四会断裂; 14.政和-大埔断裂; 15.邵武-河源断裂; 16.长乐-南澳断裂; 17.台东纵谷断裂

Fig. 3. Cross-section in east-west direction of the South China block

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图 4 燕山构造带(a)及其剖面(b)

孟庆任(2019，未刊)

Fig. 4. The Yanshan tectonic zone (a) and its cross-section (b)

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图 5 澳大利亚中部地质图

显示Amadeus盆地的古生代变形和Musgrave以及Arunta内窗构造.Amadeus盆地内的变形以薄皮构造为特征，其与厚皮构造过程造成的Musgrave以及Arunta内窗折返裸露形成对照(Sandiford and Hand, 1998)

Fig. 5. Geological map of the central Australian region

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