Reservoir Characteristics and Forming Mechanisms of Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Rock of First and Second Members of Shahejie Formation in BZ27-A Structure, Huanghekou Sag
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摘要: 渤海海域黄河口凹陷BZ27-A（渤中27-A）构造沙一二段发育一套湖相混积岩，目前对该储层的特征及成因研究较少.通过岩心观察、铸体薄片、压汞测试等分析，系统阐述了该区混积岩储层的岩石学、储集空间类型、物性等特征，在此基础上探讨了混积岩储层控制因素.结果表明，混积岩岩性复杂多样，由陆源碎屑、黏土矿物、碳酸盐矿物及生物碎屑以多种组合方式混杂构成，发育钙质砂岩、白云质砂岩、陆屑泥晶云岩、泥晶鲕粒云岩、生物碎屑白云岩等类型，剖面上大多呈现夹层或薄互层的特点.多数混积岩储层孔隙度、渗透率低，为致密储层，局部薄层段发育相对较好储层.混积岩储层的发育主要受古地理背景、成岩作用、流体等因素影响，成岩早期大面积碳酸盐胶结是导致储层致密的主要成因，而生屑的贡献、晚期成藏时的油气侵位作用是改善储层物性的重要作用，具有形成相对优质储层的潜力.Abstract: There is a set of lacustrine mixed sedimentary rocks in the first and second members of Shahejie Formation(Es1-2) in BZ27-A structure in Huanghekou sag, Bohai Sea area. At present, the research on the characteristics and genesis of this reservoir is still weak. In this study, based on the core observation, casting thin section and mercury porosimetry, the characteristics of petrology, reservoir space type, physical property of mixed sedimentary rock reservoir are systematically described firstly, and then the controlling factors of the reservoir are put forward. The results show that the mixed sedimentary rock consists of terrigenous clastic, clay minerals, carbonate minerals and biodetritus. The lithology mainly includes calcareous sandstone, dolomitic sandstone, terrigenous clastic micrite dolomite, micrite oolitic dolomite and bioclastic dolomite, which are interbeded or thin interbeded in the vertical section. Most of the mixed sedimentary rock reservoirs are tight due to low porosity and permeability, with few relatively better reservoirs in thin intervals. The main factors controlling the mixed sedimentary rock reservoirs are paleogeographic background, provenance, diagenesis and fluid. Massive carbonate cementation in the diagenetic stage is the main cause of tight reservoir, however, the contributions of bioclastic, oil and gas emplacement in the later stage of hydrocarbon accumulation are important for improving the physical properties of reservoirs, and have the potential to form relatively high-quality reservoirs.
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图 3 BZ27-A构造沙一二段混积岩岩石类型及特征
a.钙质粗粒岩屑长石砂岩，粒间大量方解石，较均匀胶结、交代碎屑颗粒，部分方解石重结晶，见部分颗粒完全被方解石交代，BZ27-A-1井，3 692.00 m；b.钙质含砾粗粒长石岩屑砂岩，见少量螺及介形虫等生物碎片发育.碎屑颗粒被铁方解石致密胶结、强烈交代现象普遍，部分颗粒已完全被铁方解石所交代，仅残留包壳外形，BZ27-A-2井，3 751.96 m；c.含生屑云质粉-细砂岩，BZ27-A-1井，3 752.00 m；d.含盆屑白云质粗粉砂岩，盆屑成分主要为介形虫及碎片、砂屑、粉屑和少量鲕粒，胶结物主要为显微晶白云石，BZ27-A-1井，3 772.00 m；e.白云质细砂岩，粒间填隙物主要为泥晶白云石，致密胶结、交代碎屑颗粒，BZ27-A-2井，3 872.50 m；f.泥晶砂屑云岩，岩石组构包括砂屑、生屑、陆源碎屑及泥晶，砂屑较均匀定向分布，生屑见螺屑及介形，保存较完整，泥晶白云石较均匀分布于粒屑间，BZ27-A-1井，3 765.00 m；g.含陆屑泥晶云岩，左上部分为泥晶白云岩，右下部分为泥晶白云石充填在陆源碎屑颗粒间，BZ27-A-1井，3 829.00 m；h.陆屑泥晶云岩，主要为细砂级的石英、长石等陆源碎屑及泥晶组成，泥晶白云石较均匀分布于陆屑间并交代部分颗粒，BZ27-A-1井，3 873.00 m；i.生物碎屑云岩，含少量陆源碎屑颗粒，BZ27-A-1井，3 750.00 m；j.陆屑生屑泥晶云岩，陆源碎屑主要为石英、长石、岩屑，岩屑主要见花岗岩岩块，生物碎屑主要为螺和介形虫，BZ27-A-2井，3 788.66 m；k.含陆屑粒屑泥晶白云岩，主要由泥晶白云石、陆源碎屑、方解石和生物碎屑组成，碎屑成分主要由石英、长石、变质石英岩岩屑等组成，生物碎屑主要为介形虫，BZ27-A-2井，3 788.59 m；l.含陆屑泥晶鲕粒云岩，岩石矿物成分主要为白云石，其次为方解石及石英、长石；包括鲕粒、泥晶及陆屑，鲕粒见同心鲕及表鲕，表鲕鲕核主要为石英及长石，泥晶白云石较均匀分布于鲕粒及陆屑间，BZ27-A-2井，3 787.00 m
Fig. 3. Rock type and characteristics of mixed sedimentary rock of Es1-2 in BZ27-A structure
图 4 沙一二段混积岩储集空间类型
a.原生粒间孔，BZ27-A-2井，3 875.00 m；b.粒间溶蚀孔，BZ27-A-2井，3 890.00 m；c.粒内溶蚀孔，BZ27-A-2井，3 746.91 m；d.生物碎屑体腔孔，BZ27-A-1井，3 750.00 m；e.充填残余孔隙，泥晶白云石部分充填生物体腔，BZ27-A-1井，3 752.00 m；f.陆源碎屑铸模孔，BZ27-A-2井，3 751.67 m；g.白云石晶间微孔，BZ27-A-2井，3 747.25 m；h.微裂缝，BZ27-A-2井，3 751.96 m；i.收缩缝，BZ27-A-2井，3 748.69 m
Fig. 4. Reservoir space types of the mixed sedimentary rock of Es1-2
图 5 沙一二段混积岩孔隙度直方图(a)和孔渗关系图(b)
Fig. 5. The porosity column(a) and relationship between porosity and permeability (b) of mixed sedimentary rock of Es1-2
图 6 沙一二段混积岩毛管压力曲线特征
φ表示孔隙度(%); K表示渗透率(10-3 μm2)
Fig. 6. Capillary curve characteristics of mixed sedimentary rock of Es1-2
图 7 沙一二段沉积期古地貌恢复图
Fig. 7. Restoring paleogeomorphology map of the Es1-2 sedimentary period
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