抚顺盆地中-晚始新世古植被与古气候

韦一; 杨兵; 夏浩东; 邓会娟

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2020.142

抚顺盆地中-晚始新世古植被与古气候

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.142

韦一^1, ,,
杨兵^2, , ,,
夏浩东²,
邓会娟²

1.
华北科技学院安全工程学院, 河北廊坊 065201
2.
自然资源实物地质资料中心, 河北廊坊 065201

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41702366

中央高校基本科研业务费项目 3142018004

中央高校基本科研业务费项目 3142018025

详细信息

作者简介:
韦一（1989-）, 女，讲师，博士，主要从事新生代微体古生物研究. ORCID: 0000-0003-2568-2186. E-mail: ostracods@126.com

通讯作者:
杨兵, ORCID: 0000-0002-8088-2247.E-mail: yangbing0932@126.com

中图分类号: P52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-15

Paleovegetation and Paleoclimate during Mid-Late Eocene in Fushun Basin

Wei Yi^{1
,
,},
Yang Bing^{2
, ,
,},
Xia Haodong²,
Deng Huijuan²

1.
School of Safety Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang 065201, China
2.
Cores and Samples Centre of Natural Resources, Langfang 065201, China

摘要

摘要: 为重建东北地区中-晚始新世古气候，对抚顺盆地孢粉进行传统鉴定，利用有序聚类分析划分孢粉组合，结合共存分析法对孢粉组合定量化以建立研究区的古气候参数值.鉴定出孢粉67属，划分出（Ⅰ）Quercoidites- Tricolpopollenites- Betulaceoipollenites组合；（Ⅱ）Piceapollis-Tiliaepollenites-Chenopodipollis组合；（Ⅲ）Quercoidites-Betulaceoipollenites-Ulmipollenites组合；（Ⅳ）Pinuspollenites-Abietineaepollenites-Ephedripites组合；（Ⅴ）Betulaceoipollenites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Quercoidites组合，其中组合Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ时代为中始新世；组合Ⅳ、Ⅴ时代为晚始新世.植被类型也经历了：落叶阔叶林-草原型植被→针阔叶混交林-草原型植被→落叶阔叶林-草原型植被→针叶林→针阔叶混交林的转变.气候带经历了由亚热带、亚热带-温带湿润性气候向温带半湿润性气候的转变，年均温和年降雨量均呈降低的趋势，这些变化趋势与全球温度变化趋势相耦合.
- 抚顺盆地 /
- 始新世 /
- 孢粉组合 /
- 古气候 /
- 共存分析法 /
- 环境地质
Abstract: For rebuilding the paleoclimate during Mid-Late Eocene in Northeast China, it analyzes the palynological characteristics in Fusun basin. Combining coniss analysis with co-existence approach, it quantitatively reconstructs the paleoclimate parameters in research area. 67 genera are identified and divided into 5 assemblages as: (Ⅰ) Quercoidites-Tricolpopollenites-Betulaceoipollenites Assemblage; (Ⅱ) Piceapollis-Tiliaepollenites-Chenopodipollis Assemblage; (Ⅲ) Quercoidites-Betulaceoipollenites-Ulmipollenites Assemblage; (Ⅳ)Pinuspollenites-Abietineaepollenites-Ephedripites Assemblage; (Ⅴ) Betulaceoipollenites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Quercoidites Assemblage. The age of assemblages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ belongs to Middle Eocene, and the age of assemblages Ⅳ, Ⅴ belongs to Late Eocene. The vegetation types of the basin experienced the transformation as deciduous broadleaf forest-steppe type vegetation→coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest-steppe type vegetation→deciduous broadleaf forest-steppe type vegetation→ coniferous forest→coniferous broadleaf mixed forest. The climatic zone changed from subtropical-temperate to temperate, the humidity changed from humid to semi-humid, and the average annual moderate and annual average rainfall decreased. This trend is coupled with the global temperature trend.
- Fushun basin /
- Eocene /
- sporopollen assemblage /
- paleoclimate /
- co-existence approach /
- environmental geology

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图 1 抚顺盆地地质简图

Fig. 1. Geological sketch of Fushun basin

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图 2 抚顺盆地东露天剖面中-晚始新世部分典型孢粉

1.Rutaceoipollis; 2.Abietineaepollenites; 3.Tiliaepollenites; 4.Deltoidospora; 5.Ostryoipollenites; 6.Juglanspollenites; 7.Betulaceoipollenites; 8.Polypodiaceaesporites; 9.Taxodiaceaepollenites; 10. Labitricolpites; 11.Pinuspollenites; 12.Abiespollenites; 13.Carpinipites; 14.Ulmipollenites; 15.Tricolporopollenites; 16.Laricoidites; 17.Cupuliferoipollenites; 18.Momipites; 19.Quercoidites; 20.Piceapollis（图中比例尺=20 μm）

Fig. 2. Major representatives of spore and pollen of Donglutian section in Fushun basin through the Mid-Late Eocene

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图 3 抚顺盆地东露天剖面中-晚始新世重要孢粉垂向分布

裸子植物:(1)Pinuspollenites;(2) Abietineaepollenites; (3) Podocarpidites;(4) Piceapollis;(5) Abiespollenites;(6) Keteleeris; (7) Taxodiaceaepollenites (8) Inaperturopollenites;(9) Ephedripites;被子植物:(木本)(10)Betulaceoipollenites; (11)Carpinipiter; (12)Ostryoipollenites;(13)Triporopollenites (14)Alnipollenites; (15) Juglanspollenites;(16) Momipites;(17)Caryapollenites;(18) Tiliaepollenites;(19)Ulmipollenites;(20) Quercoidites;(21) Cupuliferoipollenites;(22)Elaeangnacites;(23) Pokrovskaja;(24) Eaphorbiacties;(25) Rutaceoipollis;被子植物(草本):(26) Graminidites; (27)Artemisiaepollenites;(28) Chenopodipollis;(29)Labitricolpites;(30) Persicarioipollis; (31) Liliipollis;(32) Tricolpopollenites; (33) Tricolpites; (34) Tricolporopollenites; 蔗类植物:(35) Deltoidopora; (36)Polypodiaceaesporites;(37) Lygodiumsporites; (38)Toroisporis

Fig. 3. Vertical distribution of major representatives of spore and pollen of Donglutian section in Fushun basin through the Mid-Late Eocene

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图 4 抚顺盆地始新世中晚期孢粉母体植物生态组合与气候划分示意

气候带中温带包括温带、亚热带‒温带

Fig. 4. Palynofloras in the Mid-Late Eocene in Fushun basin and climate division

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图 5 抚顺盆地各气候期植被变迁示意

1.Pediastrum（藻）; 2.Taxodiaceaepollenites; 3.Quercoidits; 4.Tricolpopollenites; 5.Betulaceoipollenites; 6.Juglanspollenites; 7.Carpinipites; 8.Piceapollis; 9.Pinuspollenites; 10.Abietineaepollenites; 11.蕨类; 12.Tiliaepollenites; 13.Ulmipollenites; 14.Ephedripites

Fig. 5. Vegetation evolution of each climate stage during the Mid-Late Eocene of Fushun basin

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图 6 共存分析法原理示意

据Mosbrugger and Utescher（1997）修改

Fig. 6. Basic principle of the co-existence approach

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图 7 中晚始新世深海温度变化曲线与抚顺盆地气候期对比

中晚始新世深海温度变化曲线据Zachos et al.(2001)；该曲线与全球温度变化趋势大体一致

Fig. 7. Comparison of deep sea temperature curves with climate stages in Fushun basin during the Mid-Late Eocene

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表 1 抚顺盆地东露天剖面孢粉组合与黑龙江依兰达连河组、百色盆地、渤海湾盆地孢粉组合对比

Table 1. Comparison of spore and pollen assemble among Donglutian section in Fushun basin, Yilandalianhe Formation in Heilongjiang Province, Baise basin and Bohai bay basin

时代	本文	黑龙江依兰盆地（刘牧灵，1990）	海南省北部湾盆地（谢金有等，2012）	渤海湾盆地（姚益民等，1994）
晚始新世	Betulaceoipollenites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Quercoidites组合	Quercoidites-Cupuliferoipollenites组合	Quercoidites-Leiotriletes-Granodiscus granulatus组合	Taxodiaceaepollenltes elongatus-Alnipollenites-Polypodiaceaesporites组合
晚始新世	Pinuspollenites-Abietineaepollenites-Ephedripites组合	Quercoidites-Cupuliferoipollenites组合	Quercoidites-Leiotriletes-Granodiscus granulatus组合	?
中始新世	Quercoidites-Betulaceoipollenites-Ulmipollenites组合	Quercoidites-Taxodiaceaepollenites组合	Quercoidites-Ulmipollenites-Pentapollenites组合	Quercoidites microhenrici-Ulmipollenites minor组合
	Piceapollis-Tiliaepollenites-Chenopodipollis组合			Ephedripites-Taxodioceaepollenites-Ulmoideipites tricostatus组合
	Quercoidites-Tricolpopollenites-Betulaceoipollenites组合

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表 2 抚顺盆地中-晚始新世孢粉植物群和其现存最近亲缘类群以及其参数

Table 2. Palynofloras and their nearest living relatives in Fushun basin through the Mid-Late Eocene in Fushun basin and their climatic amplitudes

孢粉类型	现存最近亲缘类群	年均温（℃）		年降雨量（mm）
孢粉类型	现存最近亲缘类群	Min	Max	Min	Max
裸子植物
Cycadopites	Cycas^#	11.3	24.7	613.8	1 942.5
Ginkgoretectina	Ginkgo^#	10.2	19.8	658.7	1 785.2
Pinuspollenites	Pinus^*	-5.2	24.7	170.5	2 822.70
Abietineaepollenites	Pinus^*	-5.2	24.7	170.5	2 822.70
Podocarpidites	Podocarpus	8.5	24.7	797.5	1 653.5
Cedripites	Cedrus	10.2	20.9	33.4	1 663.9
Piceapollis	Picea	-4.9	22.7	291.6	1 815.60
Abiespollenites	Abies	2.8	23	170.5	1 785.2
Keteleeris	Keteleeria^#	14.3	24.7	613.8	1 815.60
Taxodiaceaepollenites	Taxodiaceae ^*	5.7	24.7	459.5	2 447.1
Inaperturopollenites	Taxodiaceae^*	5.7	24.7	459.5	2 447.1
Ephedripites	Ephedra^*	-4.9	19.8	16.4	1 113.3
被子植物
Betulaceoipollenites	Betula	-4.9	23.2	291.6	1 815.6
Carpinipites	Carpinus	2.3	25.5	570.3	1 785.2
Ostryoipollenites	Betulaceae	-4.9	23.2	291.6	1 815.6
Triporopollenites	Betulaceae	-4.9	23.2	291.6	1 815.6
Alnipollenites	Alnus^*	-5.2	23.8	355.2	2 394.5
Juglanspollenites	Juglans^*	-1.6	23	257.5	2 074.4
Pterocaryapollenites	Pterocarya	5.7	23.8	257.5	1 540.2
Momipites	Corylus ^*	-3.2	21.9	318.5	2 394.5
Caryapollenites	Carya^*	14.2	22.6	601.1	1 942.5
Tiliaepollenites	Tilia^*	-5.2	22.6	209.1	2 394.5
Ulmipollenites	Ulmus ^*	-5.2	25.5	16.4	1 900.3
Quercoidites	Quercus^*	-5.2	25.5	209.1	1 900.3
Cupuliferoipollenites	Castanopsis^*	5.4	25.5	613.8	2 822.7
Cyrillaceaepollenites	Anacardiaceae^*	-1.2	25.5	61.5	2 822.7
Faguspollenites	Fagus^*	5.7	22.6	554.9	2 394.5
Talisiipites	Sapindaceae	4.8	25.5	213.7	1 785.2
Rhoipites	Rhus^*	-0.4	23.8	277.6	2 394.5
Moraceoipollenites	Moraceae	3.97	27.17	-	-
Salixipollenites	Salix^*	-5.2	23.8	16.4	1 942.5
Lonicerapollis	Caprifoliaceae	-4.1	25.5	303.9	1 869.9
Ilexpollenites	Ilex^*	-1.2	25.5	201.6	2 822.7
Euphorbiacites	Euphorbiaceae^*	-5.2	25.5	33.4	2 822.7
Rutaceoipollis	Rutaceae	-5.2	25.5	61.5	1 869.9
Symplocoipollenites	Symplocaceae^*	-0.4	25.5	318.5	2 822.9
Graminidites	Gramineae	-4.9	25.5	303.9	2 447.1
Artemisiaepollenites	Artemisia	-4.9	25.5	303.9	1 869.9
Tubulifloridites	Compositae	-4.9	24.7	303.9	1 869.9
Chenopodipollis	Chenopodiaceae	-5.2	26.5	303.9	1 869.9
Labitricolpites	Labiatae	-4.9	24.7	16.4	1 942.5
Stephanocolpites	Labiatae	-4.9	24.7	16.4	1 942.5
Cruciferaeipites	Cruciferae^*	-5.2	24.7	16.4	2 129.5
Persicarioipollis	Polygonaceae	-4.9	24.7	16.4	1 785.2
Cyperaceaepollis	Cyperaceae	-4.9	25.5	303.9	1 254.7
Haloragacidites	Myriophyllum	-5	25.5	303.9	1 254.7
Monocolpopollenites	Palmae^*	8.5	25.5	474.6	2 822.7
Tricolpites	Hamamelidaceae	8.5	25.5	531	1 293.7
注：^#据史冀忠等（2008）；*据姚轶锋（2006）；其他据徐景先（2002）.

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表 3 抚顺盆地、长昌盆地以及珲春始新世气候参数对比

Table 3. Comparison of climatic amplitudes among Fushun basin, Changchang basin and Hunchun in Eocene

	抚顺盆地	长昌盆地（姚轶锋，2006）	吉林珲春（寇香玉，2005）
气候参数	气候期Ⅴ：MAT：8.5~19.8 ℃；MAP：613.8~1 113.3 mm	MAT： 14.2~19.4 ℃； MAP：797.5~1 113.3 mm	MAT： 14.2~14.9 ℃； MAP：797.5~1 344 mm
	气候期Ⅳ：MAT：5.7~19.8 ℃；MAP：459.5~1 113.3 mm
	气候期Ⅲ：MAT：14.2~20.9 ℃；MAP：570.3~1 254.7 mm
	气候期Ⅱ：MAT：8.5~22.6 ℃；MPT：797.5~1 293.7 mm
	气候期Ⅰ：MAT：14.3~19.8 ℃；MAP：797.5~1 293.7 mm

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