Dolomite Origin of Shahejie Formation in Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为了研究渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷沙河街组白云岩成因机理，通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜、背散射、碳氧同位素等方法，分析白云石岩石学、形貌学和同位素地球化学特征.结果表明，白云岩呈黄棕色，发育大量溶蚀孔和高岭石、燧石等矿物，δ13C值为-0.50‰~4.58‰，δ18O值为-14.58‰~-2.19‰，总体具有δ13C低正值，δ18O负值的特点.泥晶白云石，由微米级球状白云石和白云石化蓝细菌组成，亚微米级孔隙发育，见薄片状细菌丝和草莓状黄铁矿；纤维状白云石环边胶结物充填在溶蚀孔洞或围绕颗粒表面生长；菱形白云石，漂浮状分散在孔隙中.准同生期，硫酸盐还原菌的催化作用形成球形白云石；随后，受大气淡水淋滤，在湖底成岩环境微生物影响下形成纤维状白云石环边胶结物；浅埋藏期，由于埋藏白云岩化形成菱形白云石.这为古老湖相白云岩微生物成因提供具体实例，且对该地区勘探提供参考.Abstract: To study the dolomite origin of Shahejie Formation in Huanghekou sag, Bohai Bay basin, the petrology, morphology and isotopic geochemical characteristics of the dolomite were analyzed through core observation, thin section identification, cathodoluminescence, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), back-scattered electrons (BSE) and carbon and oxygen isotopes. The results show that the dolomite is yellow brown and has a lot of dissolution pores, chert and kaolinite develops. δ13C values range from -0.50‰ to 4.58‰, and δ18O values range from -14.58‰ to -2.19‰. Micritic dolomite consists of microsphere dolomite and dolomized cyanbacteria accompanied with a lot of submicron pores, sheet-like bacterial filaments and strawberry pyrite. Fibrous isopachous dolomite cements fill in the dissolution pores or grow around particle surfaces. Rhombic dolomite is dispersed in pores. During penecontemporaneous stage, sulfate reducing bacteria induced spherical dolomite precipitation. Subsequently, fibrous isopachous dolomite cements were influenced by microbes under lake floor diagenetic environment, being affected by meteoric fresh water. During shallow burial stage, rhombic dolomite precipitates by buried dolomitization. This study can provide a specific sample for microbial induced lacustrine dolomite precipitation in ancient strata and reference for exploration in the study area.
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Key words:
- Bohai Bay basin /
- Huanghekou sag /
- Shahejie Formation /
- dolomite origin /
- microbial dolomite /
- buried dolomitization /
- sedimentation
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图 2 黄河口凹陷混积岩岩性特征
a. H-2-W井，2 395.40 m，黄棕色白云岩（黄色箭头）与灰绿色火山岩岩屑（蓝色箭头）混合沉积；b. H-2-W井，2 396.55 m，白云岩（黄色箭头）与碎屑颗粒（石英:红色箭头，长石:蓝色箭头）成渐变接触，阴极发光；c. H-4-5井，2 352.03 m，岩屑（蓝色箭头）、石英（红色箭头）与生物碎屑（黄色箭头）混合沉积，单偏光；d. H-2-1井，3 750.00 m，藻云岩（黄色箭头）与碎屑颗粒（石英:红色箭头）混合沉积，单偏光
Fig. 2. Lithologic characters of mixed rocks in Huanghekou sag
图 4 泥晶白云石形貌特征
a. H-2-W井，2 396.50 m，高倍显微镜下泥晶白云石中微米球状白云石（黄色箭头），见小管状蓝细菌铸膜孔（蓝色箭头），正交光；b. H-2-W井，2 396.50 m，小管状蓝细菌铸膜孔（蓝色箭头），泥晶白云石中见大量亚微米级微孔（黄色箭头），背散射；c. H-2-W井，2 396.50 m，泥晶白云石（图a, b同深度）由球状白云石(1~2 μm)组成，扫描电镜；d. H-2-W井，2 390.00 m，微米级球状白云石化蓝细菌（15~20 μm）由大量纳米球组成，且边缘重结晶成自形白云石，扫描电镜；e. H-2-W井，2 386.42 m，微米球状白云石（黄色箭头）之间薄片状细菌丝（蓝色箭头）；f. H-2-W井，2 395.00 m，丝状蓝细菌白云岩化（黄色箭头），表面重结晶成菱形白云石，见自形微米级燧石小晶体（蓝色箭头）和菱形白云石（红色箭头），扫描电镜；g. H-2-1井，3 750.00 m，泥晶藻云岩，阴极发光；h. H-2-W井，2 393.25 m，草莓状黄铁矿，扫描电镜；i. H-2-1井，3 825.00 m，粒间充填大量不完整书堆状高岭石（黄色箭头），背散射
Fig. 4. Morphological characteristics of micrite dolomite
图 5 白云石胶结物形貌特征
a. H-2-W井，2 395.00 m，纤维状白云石环边胶结物（黄色箭头），单偏光；b. H-2-W井，2 395.00 m，白云石环边胶结物昏暗发光（黄色箭头），单偏光；c. H-2-W井，2 395.00 m，白云石环边胶结物昏暗发光（黄色箭头），阴极发光（与图b同视域）
Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of dolomite cements
图 6 菱形白云石形貌特征
a. H-2-W井，2 386.53 m，生屑铸膜孔中充填菱形白云石，菱形白云石具雾心亮边结构（黄色箭头），单偏光；b. H-2-1井，3 779.00 m，菱形白云石具暗红色核心和橘红色边缘，阴极发光；c. H-2-W井，2 382.80 m，菱形白云石越靠近边缘图像越亮、Fe含量越高，背散射
Fig. 6. Morphological characteristics of rhombic dolomite
图 7 渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷沙河街组白云岩成因演化模式
Fig. 7. Origin evolution model of the dolomite in Huanghekou sag, Bohai Bay basin
表 1 黄河口凹陷沙河街组沙一二段主要藻类化石和介形化石的相对含量
Table 1. Relative contents of main algae and main ostracoda in the first and second members of Shahejie Formation of Huanghekou sag
井号 层位 类型及相对含量(%) 藻类化石 H-2-1 沙一段 盘星藻属38.4 多刺甲藻属6.3 光面球藻属19.5 沧县藻属4 破裂沧县藻18 伸长沧县藻13.3 H-4-5 沙一段 对裂藻属7.56 穴面球藻属7.81 光面藻属26.73 网、皱、瘤面藻属3.82 毛球藻属+葡萄藻属2.15 刺球藻属3.89 锥藻属+繁棒球藻属2.33 方胜藻属+稀管藻属3.34 多刺甲藻属21.84 H-4-5 沙二段 对裂藻属13.78 光面藻属6.37 毛球藻属+葡萄藻属4.60 方胜藻属+稀管藻属9.18 多刺甲藻属55.12 介形化石 H-2-1 沙一段 华花介属（未定种）22.22 玻璃介属（未定种）33.33 李家广北介（比较种）22.22 真星介属（未定种）11.11 拱星介属？（未定种）11.11 H-4-5 沙一段 华花介9.02 明亮丽星介13.46 小豆介属8.63 惠民小豆介9.02 近三角小星介13.46 东营介属3.92 宽卵小豆介12.55 玻璃介6.67 H-2-W 沙一段 华花介属5.67 惠民小豆介 > 21 具刺湖化介 > 11 玻璃介属9.5 明亮丽星介 > 10 乐陵真星介 > 10 沙河街似玻利介12.5 伸玻璃介 > 10 细长小豆介 > 10 普通小豆介 > 10 中华玻璃介 > 10 盘河小豆介 > 10 H-4-5 沙二段 伸玻璃介5.06 华花介6.75 丽星介5.06 明亮丽星介9.22 小豆介属16.87 惠民小豆介37.46 近三角小星介9.22 乐陵真星介3.61 玻璃介6.75 
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表 2 黄河口凹陷白云岩碳氧同位素分析
Table 2. Analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes in dolomites from Shahejie Formation in Huanghekou sag
井号 深度(m) 层位 岩性 δ13CPDB(‰) δ18OPDB(‰) 古盐度S(‰) 古盐度指数Z 古温度T(℃) H-2-W 2 381.80 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩1 1.27 -5.92 28.83 126.95 42.13 H-2-W 2 381.80 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩1 1.20 -6.00 28.75 126.77 42.53 H-2-W 2 384.97 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩1 4.58 -3.55 31.20 134.91 30.47 H-2-W 2 384.97 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩2 3.55 -6.25 28.50 131.46 43.79 H-2-W 2 386.42 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩 2.60 -7.22 27.53 129.03 48.71 H-2-W 2 386.95 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩 1.97 -9.40 25.35 126.65 60.06 H-2-W 2 390.50 沙一段 泥晶套 1.76 -9.91 24.84 125.97 62.77 H-2-W 2 390.50 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩 1.81 -11.98 22.77 125.04 73.98 H-2-W 2 391.00 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩1 0.15 -14.85 19.90 120.21 90.09 H-2-W 2 391.00 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩2 0.70 -13.28 21.47 122.12 81.20 H-2-W 2 392.45 沙一段 云质砂岩 1.75 -11.30 23.45 125.26 70.26 H-2-W 2 394.20 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩 2.55 -5.57 29.18 129.75 40.38 H-2-W 2 395.70 沙一段 泥晶云岩 -0.50 -6.53 28.22 123.02 45.20 H-2-W 2 395.00 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩1 2.76 -6.00 28.75 129.96 42.53 H-2-W 2 395.00 沙一段 洞穴白云石充填物 1.49 -6.70 28.05 127.01 46.06 H-2-W 2 396.10 沙一段 泥晶云岩1 0.04 -2.62 32.13 126.08 26.02 H-2-W 2 396.10 沙一段 泥晶云岩2 0.40 -3.70 31.05 126.28 31.20 H-2-W 2 396.50 沙一段 泥晶云岩 0.74 -2.19 32.56 127.72 23.98 H-2-2 3 746.93 沙一段 云质砂岩 2.12 -7.48 27.27 127.92 50.05 H-2-2 3 787.70 沙一段 泥晶颗粒云岩 2.70 -4.97 29.78 130.35 37.40 H-2-2 3 788.39 沙一段 云质砂岩 2.23 -8.04 26.71 127.86 52.94 H-2-2 3 788.44 沙一段 云质砂岩 1.99 -8.15 26.60 127.32 53.51
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