Division of Glutenite Lithofacies Based on the Trielement of Gravel-Matrix-Fracture
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摘要: 近年来砂砾岩油气藏勘探不断获得重大发现，使得砂砾岩体成为油气勘探的新领域.当前，砂砾岩体侧重于沉积响应分析，针对其特征的岩相组合划分及差异性探讨较薄弱，缺乏统一划分标准，尤其是在渤海湾盆地渤南低凸起南侧断坡区古近系砂砾岩存在多砾石组分、复合成岩作用影响，极大制约优质砂砾岩储层的分布预测、评价.因为研究区内多物源供给，砾石组分、支撑类型和基质类型多样，基于区内典型钻井岩心、镜下综合观察及扫描电镜分析，提出“以沉积岩、变质岩及岩浆岩三种母岩类型为一级划分标准，支撑类型和基质类型作为二级划分标准”，将砂砾岩岩相划分为三大类、七小类，依次为：（1）以火山岩砾石为主的基质支撑-砂级基质-构造缝-砾岩相、颗粒支撑-砂级基质-砾缘缝-砾岩相、基质支撑-泥级基质-砾岩相，（2）以碳酸盐岩砾石为主的基质支撑-砂级基质-砾岩相、基质支撑-砂级基质-角砾岩相，（3）以变质岩砾石为主的胶结物支撑-砂级基质-含砾砂岩相及颗粒支撑-砂级基质-压实砾内缝-含砾砂岩相.不同砾石类型储层中，基质类型和裂缝发育程度具有明显的差异性，泥质含量高的储层渗透性很差，裂缝发育会改善其孔隙的连通性，并诱导形成砾内溶蚀和基质溶蚀，从而改善储集物性.Abstract: In recent years, glutenite oil and gas reservoir exploration has continuously made major discoveries, making the conglomerate body a new field of oil and gas exploration. At present, the conglomerate body is focused on sedimentary response analysis, and its characteristics of lithofacies combination division and differences are relatively weak, and there is a lack of a unified division standard, especially in the Paleogene in the southern slope area of the Bonan low uplift in the Bohai Bay basin. There are multiple gravel components and composite diagenesis in the sandy conglomerate, which greatly restricts the distribution prediction and evaluation of high-quality sandy conglomerate reservoir. Due to the multiple sources of supply in the study area, the gravel composition, support type and matrix type are diverse. Based on the typical drilling core in the area, comprehensive observation under the microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis, it proposes the "three parent rocks of sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock and magmatic rock. The type is the first-level classification standard, and the support type and matrix type are the second-level classification standards." The sandstone and conglomerate lithofacies are divided into three major categories and seven subcategories, followed by (1) matrix support mainly based on volcanic matrix support-sand-level matrix-structural fracture-conglomerate facies, particle support-sand-level matrix-intra-gravel fracture-conglomerate facies, matrix support-mud-level matrix-conglomerate facies, (2) matrix support mainly composed of carbonate conglomerate-sand-level matrix-conglomerate facies (carbonate rock and gravel), matrix support-sand grade matrix-breccia facies, (3) cement support mainly composed of metamorphic rock and gravel-sand grade matrix-concrete sandstone facies, and particle support-sand grade matrix-gravel-edge fracture-concrete sandstone facies. In reservoirs of different gravel types, the matrix type and fracture development degree are obviously different. The reservoir with high mud content has poor permeability. The fracture development will improve the connectivity of its pores and induce the formation of intra-gravel dissolution and matrix dissolution to improve storage properties.
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Key words:
- Huanghekou sag /
- glutenite lithofacies /
- gravel type /
- matrix content /
- fracture development /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 黄河口凹陷构造单元区划分及主干断裂分布
一级断裂：F1为郯庐断裂东支，F2为郯庐断裂西支1号断裂，F3为郯庐断裂西支2号断裂，F4黄河口1号断裂，F5为渤南1号断裂
Fig. 1. Division of structural units and distribution of main faults in the Huanghekou sag
图 2 黄河口凹陷BZ26-2-2D—BZ26-2-3D—BZ27-2-2—BZ28-1-5—BZ33-1-1—BZ34-2-1井连井格架剖面
Fig. 2. Well cross-section profile of BZ26-2-2D—BZ26-2-3D—BZ27-2-2—BZ28-1-5—BZ33-1-1—BZ34-2-1 in the Huanghekou sag
图 3 黄河口凹陷砂砾岩砾石类型
a.BZ26-2-2D孔店组安山岩砾石；b.BZ28-1-5孔店组安山岩砾石；c.BZ28-2-1孔店组凝灰岩；d.BZ34-2-1沙三段变质花岗岩砾石；e.BZ26-2-3D沙一段硅质岩砾石；f.BZ26-2-3D孔店组灰岩砾石与花岗岩砾石共生
Fig. 3. Gravel type of glutenite in the Huanghekou sag
图 4 黄河口凹陷基质类型
a.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，火山岩砾石砂级基质；b.BZ28-1-5，Ek，火山岩砾石砂级基质；c.BZ34-2-1，Ek，火山岩砾石泥级基质；d.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，裂缝诱导下砾石斑晶、杏仁体溶蚀；e.BZ28-1-5，Ek，砾石斑晶溶蚀形成溶蚀孔；f.BZ34-2-1，Ek，高泥质含量，裂缝欠发育，以残留孔隙为主；g.BZ34-2-1，Es3，花岗片麻岩内钾长石表面溶蚀黏土化；h.BZ26-2-3D，Es1，云质泥晶套发育增强抗压实作用；i.BZ26-2-23D，Ek1，不等粒砂岩中长石溶蚀为高岭石，产生粘土矿物
Fig. 4. The matrix content in the Huanghekou sag
图 5 黄河口凹陷岩心尺度裂缝发育特征
a.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，高角度裂缝，砾内缝溶蚀扩大，部分基质裂缝被黄铁矿充填；b.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，开启裂缝，砾内缝和穿砾缝发育；c.BZ28-1-5，Ek，砾缘缝发育；d.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，局部裂缝发育，垂向连续性差；e.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，裂缝孔洞被方解石充填
Fig. 5. Characteristics of core-scale fracture development in the Huanghekou sag
图 6 黄河口凹陷镜下微观尺度裂缝发育特征
a.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，裂缝诱导砾内溶蚀孔；b.BZ28-1-5，Ek，砾缘缝；c.BZ34-2-1，Es3砾内缝和砾缘缝
Fig. 6. Characteristics of micro-scale fracture development under microscope in the Huanghekou sag
图 7 黄河口凹陷古近系砂砾岩岩相类型
Fig. 7. Lithofacies of Paleogene sandstone and conglomerate in the Huanghekou sag
图 8 黄河口凹陷中生界火山岩砾石岩相类型
a.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，基质支撑-砂级基质-构造缝-砾岩相；b.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，砾石呈高角度定向排列；c.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，中酸性火山岩砾石；d.BZ28-1-5，Ek，颗粒支撑-砂级基质-砾缘缝-砾岩相；e.BZ28-1-5，Ek，砾石支撑方式为颗粒支撑，颗粒间点接触；f.BZ28-1-5，Ek，砾石为低角度水平排列，可见垂向序列；g.BZ34-2-1，Ek，基质支撑-泥基基质-砾岩相；h.BZ34-2-1，Ek，砾石漂浮于基质中；i.BZ34-2-1，Ek，特殊岩性段
Fig. 8. Mesozoic volcanic boulder lithofacies type in the Huanghekou sag
图 9 黄河口凹陷BZ26-2-3D井3 250.1 m，场发射扫描电镜
Fig. 9. BZ26-2-3D, 3 250.1 m, field emission scanning electron microscope (sem) in the Huanghekou sag
图 10 黄河口凹陷古生界碳酸盐岩砾石岩相类型
a，b.BZ26-2-3D，Ek，基质支撑-砂级基质-砾岩相；c，d.BZ26-2-2D，Ek，基质支撑-砂级基质-角砾岩相
Fig. 10. Paleozoic carbonate-gravel lithofacies type in the Huanghekou sag
图 11 黄河口凹陷前寒武变质岩砾石相类型
a，b.BZ27-2-2，Es12，胶结物支撑-砂级基质-含砾砂岩相；c，d.BZ34-2-1，Es3，颗粒支撑-砂级基质-含砾砂岩相
Fig. 11. Gravel facies types of Precambrian metamorphic rocks in the Huanghekou sag
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