Continental Margin Dynamics of South China Sea: From Continental Break-Up to Seafloor Spreading
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摘要: 边缘海如何形成是地球科学的基本问题.本研究通过对南海区域深反射地震数据及钻井数据的综合解释，聚焦地壳深部结构和三维全变形机制，在南海陆缘张裂-海盆扩张的构造动力学研究中取得重要进展：(1)“大陆破裂非均一”：拉张过程垂向上分层非均一，受拆离断层系统控制；裂离过程横向上高度变化，中-东侧受岩浆作用主导，西侧受构造作用主导.(2)“海盆扩张非对称”：受周期性地幔对流活动主导，扩张表现为两次洋脊南向跃迁，方向也发生多次转变，导致南海扩张的不连续-非对称性.据此提出西太俯冲背景下周缘受限型海盆高度变化-非均衡扩张模式的新认识，丰富大陆边缘动力学理论.Abstract: Opening mechanism of marginal basins is one of the fundamental issues of earth science. Based on integrated geological interpretations on deep-reflection seismic and drilling data in the South China Sea (SCS), this study analyzes the deep crustal structure and deformational patterns, the results show: (1) The extension and breakup process of the SCS was ununiform and highly variable, i.e. the continental margin experienced depth-dependent stretching dominated by detachment system, and the breakup process was "a magma-rich" type in the middle-east, but a "magma-poor" one in the west. (2) The spreading process of the SCS was unbalanced and asymmetric, featured with two episodic southward ridge jumps, as well as multiple changes of spreading orientation, resulting in the asymmetric post-spreading magmatism and inhomogeneous lithospheric structure. Base on above-mentioned research, we propose an opening model for tectonic-restricted marginal basins dominated by the West Pacific subduction, which is featured with highly variable continental rifting and ununiform seafloor spreading. The model can enrich the theory of continental margin dynamics.
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图 1 南海南部陆缘的拆离断层构造(a), 陆缘地壳拉张因子计算结果(b), 经典均一伸展模型和分层差异伸展模型示意(c)
图b显示全地壳伸展因子与上地壳伸展因子之间存在巨大差异；图c中亮黄部分为上地壳, 暗黄部分为下地壳
Fig. 1. Geological interpretation shows the detachment structures within the southern continental margin of South China Sea (a); calculation results of the continental stretching factors (b); cartoons show the uniform stretching model and ununiform depth-dependent stretching model (c)
图 2 过南海北部陆缘洋陆过渡带区原始地震剖面(a)及地质解释(b)
Fig. 2. Original seismic profile (a) crossing the transitional zone of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea and its geological interpretation (b)
图 3 南海北部陆缘东侧大陆破裂‒初始海底扩张过程示意
Fig. 3. Sketch map shows the process from continental breakup to initial seafloor spreading in the eastern part of the northern continental margin, South China Sea
图 4 南海洋壳内部显示的对倾LCR构造(左)及洋中脊两次向南跃迁示意(右)
Fig. 4. LCR structure within the oceanic crust (left) and two-episodic southward ridge jumps during the seafloor spreading (right), South China Sea
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