A Discussion on Tethys in Northern Margin of South China Sea
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摘要: 南海及邻区处于欧亚大陆与冈瓦纳古陆拼合带的东南端，是特提斯构造域和濒太平洋构造域交汇的重要地区.特提斯缝合带沿金沙江-哀牢山构造带进入南海，人们从而认为南海可能存在特提斯洋遗迹，并认为缝合带存在于磁静区中.本文通过对南海北部陆坡地球物理资料的解释结果，包括重力、磁力、海底地震和深反射地震数据，以及区域地质特征分析，研究了南海北部陆缘高磁异常带和磁静区的成因.结果表明高磁异常带是中白垩世时期古太平洋板块转向俯冲形成的陆缘火山弧，当时存在古俯冲带.磁静区经历了后期大陆边缘张裂和古南海和南海的打开，并经历了高温热物质的底辟作用，使得地壳拉张减薄，居里面抬升形成磁静区.经历了南海的扩张后，原始的俯冲带可能已经向南迁移到南海南部或者已经俯冲消失，其中也不存在缝合带.Abstract: The South China Sea and its adjacent areas are located at the southeast end of the convergence zone of Eurasia and Gondwana, which is an important area where the Tethys tectonic domain meets the Pacific tectonic domain. The Tethys suture zone enters the South China Sea along the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan structural belt, which suggests that there may be Tethys ocean traces in the South China Sea and that the suture zone exists in the magnetostatic area. Based on the interpretation results of geophysical data on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, including gravity, magnetic, submarine seismic and deep reflection seismic data, as well as the analyses of regional geological characteristics, this paper studies the genesis of the high magnetic anomaly zone and magnetostatic area in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. It is considered that the high magnetic anomaly zone is a continental margin volcanic arc formed by the turning and subduction of the Paleo Pacific Plate in the Middle Cretaceous. The magnetostatic area experienced the late continental margin rifting and the opening of the Paleo-South China Sea and South China Sea, and experienced the bottom splitting of high-temperature thermal materials, which caused the crustal tension and thinning, and the Curie uplift to form the magnetostatic area. After the expansion of the South China Sea, the original subduction zone may have migrated to the south of the South China Sea or subducted and disappeared, and there is no suture zone.
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图 1 南海北部陆缘地形及深部地壳探测剖面位置
Fig. 1. Topography of South China Sea north margin and locations of OBS\OBH\ESP\MSCS profiles
图 2 南海北部大陆边缘（a）空间重力异常，（b）布格重力异常
Fig. 2. Gravity (a: free-air, b: Bouguer) anomaly of South China Sea
图 4 OBS1993剖面的地壳结构模型
Fig. 4. Crustal model of OBS1993 in northern margin of South China Sea
图 5 OBS2001剖面的P波地壳速度结构模型
Fig. 5. Crustal structure based on P velocity of OBS2001
图 7 ESP-E1985剖面的布格重力异常（a）、归一化总梯度剖面（b）和地质模型（c）
Fig. 7. Bouguer gravity along ESP-E1985 (a), normalized total gravity gradient (b) and crustal structure (c)
图 8 南海北部大陆边缘中生代基底分布与高磁异常带的对应关系
据孙晓猛等(2014）；一统暗沙断裂据朱伟林等(2017)；东沙断裂据栾锡武等(2009)
Fig. 8. High magnetic anomaly belt superimposed on the Late Mesozoic paleogeographic maps of basement of northern SCS margin
图 9 南海北部陆缘基底花岗岩年龄与高磁异常位置关系
AA’、BB’为两条多道地震剖面，见图 10，据张青林等（2018）；04-08ec1555为多道地震剖面，五角星为IODP钻孔位置，据Sun et al.（2018）
Fig. 9. High magnetic anomaly belt superimposed on the age map of basement granite of northern SCS margin
图 10 中生代地层及挤压变形
剖面位置见图 9，据张青林等（2018）
Fig. 10. Seismic profiles show the folding of the Mesozoic strata
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