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    滦平盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征及搬运机制

    杨保良 邱隆伟 杨勇强 董道涛 周士博 刘兆雯 白立科

    杨保良, 邱隆伟, 杨勇强, 董道涛, 周士博, 刘兆雯, 白立科, 2021. 滦平盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征及搬运机制. 地球科学, 46(9): 3258-3277. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.355
    引用本文: 杨保良, 邱隆伟, 杨勇强, 董道涛, 周士博, 刘兆雯, 白立科, 2021. 滦平盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征及搬运机制. 地球科学, 46(9): 3258-3277. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.355
    Yang Baoliang, Qiu Longwei, Yang Yongqiang, Dong Daotao, Zhou Shibo, Liu Zhaowen, Bai Like, 2021. Sedimentary Characteristics and Transport Mechanism of Subaqueous Coarse Clastic Rocks in the Lower Cretaceous Xiguayuan Formation in the Steep Slope Zone of Luanping Basin. Earth Science, 46(9): 3258-3277. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.355
    Citation: Yang Baoliang, Qiu Longwei, Yang Yongqiang, Dong Daotao, Zhou Shibo, Liu Zhaowen, Bai Like, 2021. Sedimentary Characteristics and Transport Mechanism of Subaqueous Coarse Clastic Rocks in the Lower Cretaceous Xiguayuan Formation in the Steep Slope Zone of Luanping Basin. Earth Science, 46(9): 3258-3277. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.355

    滦平盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征及搬运机制

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.355
    基金项目: 

    国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05009-002

    国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05072-002

    国家自然科学基金项目 41972099

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      杨保良(1988-), 男, 博士研究生, 研究方向为沉积学及层序地层学.ORCID: 0000-0002-5632-320X.E-mail: yangbl564@163.com

      通讯作者:

      邱隆伟, E-mail: qiulwsd@163.com

    • 中图分类号: P618

    Sedimentary Characteristics and Transport Mechanism of Subaqueous Coarse Clastic Rocks in the Lower Cretaceous Xiguayuan Formation in the Steep Slope Zone of Luanping Basin

    • 摘要: 为探讨陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带构造活动控制下水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征、搬运机制及其演化规律,以滦平断陷盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组为研究对象,采用无人机倾斜摄影、实测剖面、砾石定向性定量表征等技术方法,从沉积背景、岩相类型、沉积单元及相序特征等方面开展野外露头解剖工作.滦平盆地西瓜园组沉积时期,近岸水下扇沉积于构造沉降速率大、湖平面上升、深水、古地貌陡峭环境,洪水携带粗碎屑沉积沿陡坡带入湖,底部发育与地震活动相关的砾质碎屑流,伴随发育滑动—滑塌沉积,上部发育高密度浊流.随着沉积物不断供给,斜坡坡度逐渐减小;随着粗碎屑沉积搬运距离不断增加,砂砾质碎屑流中砾石表现出明显定向性,高密度浊流所占厚度比例增加;末端以低密度浊流为主.扇三角洲沉积于构造沉降速率相对较低、水深相对较浅、古地貌相对平缓的环境,发育相对成熟的供源体系,汇水系统长度较长,扇三角洲前缘粗碎屑岩由碎屑流向高密度浊流、牵引流、低密度浊流转换.

       

    • 图  1  滦平盆地区域地质图、实测剖面位置、西瓜园组构造‒沉积柱状图及盆地不同位置基底沉降曲线

      X. 兴洲河剖面;Y. 于营剖面;S. 桑园剖面;五角星和数字代表虚拟井位及编号;据袁晓冬等(2020)Wei et al.(2012)修改

      Fig.  1.  Location and simplified geological map, locations of measured sections, structural-sedimentary columnar section of Xiguayuan Formation in Luanping basin and basement (tectonic and total) subsidence curves of different parts of the Luanping basin

      图  2  滦平盆地剖面及沉积虚拟井

      a. 短轴陡坡兴洲河剖面;b. 短轴陡坡于营剖面;c. 长轴陡坡桑园剖面;X1~X3、S1~S4,Y2~Y6为沉积虚拟井

      Fig.  2.  Luanping basin sections and sedimentary virtual wells

      图  3  砾岩相、砾岩‒砂岩相岩相类型

      a. 块状颗粒支撑砾岩相,于营近岸水下扇内扇;b块状基质支撑砾岩相,于营近岸水下扇中扇;c. 混杂砾岩相,于营近岸水下扇中扇;d. 正粒序砾岩相,于营近岸水下扇中扇;e. 正粒序砾岩相,于营近岸水下扇中扇,红色短线为砾石长轴方向;f. 反粒序砾岩相,砾质高密度浊流,于营近岸水下扇中扇前端;g. 叠瓦状砾岩‒砂岩相,砾石叠瓦状排列,兴洲河扇三角洲前缘;h. 交错层理砾岩‒砂岩相,于营近岸水下扇中扇侧缘

      Fig.  3.  Lithofacies of conglomerate facies and conglomerate-sandstone facies

      图  4  不同类型砾岩相砾石定向性特征

      a、b. 图 3b块状基质支撑砾岩相,砾石具有一定定向性,a=29.19%,δ=4.13,近岸水下扇;c、d. 图 3c混杂砾岩相,砾石定向性杂乱,a=26.4%,δ=3.34,近岸水下扇;e、f. 图 3d正粒序砾岩相,砾石定向性杂乱,a=30.86%,δ=3.07,近岸水下扇;g、h. 图 3e正粒序砾岩相,砾石具有明显定向性,a=53.47%,δ=9.01,扇三角洲前缘;i、j. 图 3f反粒序砾岩相,砾石具有明显定向性,a=38.24%,δ=4.08,近岸水下扇;k、l. 图 3g叠瓦状砾岩‒砂岩相,砾石具有明显定向性,a=43.9%,δ=5.96,扇三角洲前缘

      Fig.  4.  Gravel orientation characteristics of different types of conglomerate facies

      图  5  含砾砂岩相、砂岩相、泥岩相岩相类型

      a. 正粒序含砾砂岩相,于营近岸水下扇外扇;b. 爬升沙纹层理砂岩,桑园扇三角洲前缘;c. 反粒序砂岩相,桑园扇三角洲前缘;d. 平行层理砂岩相,桑园扇三角洲前缘;e. 波状层理砂岩相顶部波痕,桑园扇三角洲前缘;f. 波状交错层理砂岩相,桑园扇三角洲前缘;g. 中厚块状砂岩相,于营近岸水下扇中扇;h. 泥裂充填砂岩,桑园剖面湖相;i. 水平层理泥岩夹薄层砂岩,于营剖面湖相

      Fig.  5.  Lithofacies of pebbled sandstone facies, sandstone facies and mudstone facies

      图  6  扇三角洲和近岸水下扇主要沉积微相类型岩相组合特征

      Fig.  6.  Lithofacies association of the main sedimentary microfacies in fan delta and subaqueous fan

      图  7  于营近岸水下扇内扇剖面沉积特征

      a. 内扇剖面及虚拟井Y1;b. 厚层块状砂质支撑中砾岩相(红色线为砾石长轴方向);c. 图b砾石定向性玫瑰花图;d块状颗粒支撑中砾岩相与块状砂质支撑含中砾细砾岩相组合

      Fig.  7.  Sedimentary characteristics of the inner part of the subaqueous fan in the Yuying section

      图  8  于营近岸水下扇中扇核部‒侧翼剖面沉积特征

      a. 中扇核部-侧翼露头剖面;b. 混杂砾岩相,中扇核部下段;c. 中扇侧翼露头剖面;d、e. 块状基质支撑中砾岩相,冲刷侵蚀中间含砾砂岩;f. 正粒序砾岩-砂岩组合

      Fig.  8.  Sedimentary characteristics of core-flank profile of the middle part of the subaqueous fan in the Yuying section

      图  9  于营近岸水下扇横剖面(a)和纵剖面(b)垂向沉积序列及分布特征

      井位置见图 1和图 2

      Fig.  9.  Vertical sedimentary sequence and distribution characteristics of transverse section (a) and longitudinal section (b) of subaqueous fan in the Yuying section

      图  10  扇三角洲垂向沉积序列及分布特征

      a. 桑园剖面;b. 兴洲河剖面;井位置见图 2

      Fig.  10.  Vertical sedimentary sequence and distribution characteristics of fan delta

      图  11  长轴陡坡桑园扇三角洲前缘典型剖面沉积特征

      剖面位置见图 3c

      Fig.  11.  Sedimentary characteristics of typical section of Sangyuan fan delta front in the steep slope along the long axis of the basin

      图  12  于营近岸水下扇沉积模式(据Cao et al., 2018修改)

      Fig.  12.  Depositional model of subaqueous fan in the Yuying section (modified from Cao et al., 2018)

      图  13  兴洲河扇三角洲(a)和桑园扇三角洲(b)沉积模式

      图据李存磊等(2010)修改

      Fig.  13.  Depositional model of fan delta in the Xingzhouhe section (a) and Sangyuan section (b)

      图  14  滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组陡坡带近岸水下扇(a~c)和扇三角洲(d)沉积演化机制

      Fig.  14.  Sedimentary mechanism of subaqueous fan (a-c) and fan delta (d) in the steep slope zone of the Xiguayuan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous in Luanping basin

      表  1  岩相分类方案及特征

      Table  1.   Lithofacies scheme and characteristics

      岩相代号 岩相类型 沉积特征 流体成因 扇三角洲沉积单元 近岸水下扇沉积单元
      Mc 混杂砾岩相 块状层理、混杂堆积 滑塌沉积 水上分流河道 内扇、中扇主体
      Mmc 基质支撑砾岩相 块状层理、砾石具有一定向性 砾质碎屑流 水下分流河道 内扇、中扇主体
      Gmc 颗粒支撑砾岩相 块状层理、砾石具有一定向性 砾质碎屑流 水下分流河道 内扇、中扇主体
      Gnc 正粒序砾岩相 正粒序层理、砾石定向性差 洪水底载载荷搬运、高密度浊流 水下分流河道 中扇主体、前缘
      正粒序层理、砾石具有明显定向性 洪水底载、载荷搬运 水下分流河道 中扇主体
      Gic 反粒序砾岩相 反粒序层理、砾石具定向性 高密度浊流、洪水底载载荷搬运 中扇前缘
      Gi 叠瓦状砾岩相 砾石叠瓦状排列 牵引底负载 水下分流河道
      Gns 砾岩/砂岩相 正粒序层理 洪水底载载荷和悬浮载荷搬运,高密度浊流 水下分流河道 中扇主体、侧缘
      Gl 侧积交错砾岩/砂岩相 侧积交错层理 高密度浊流 水下分流河道 中扇侧缘
      Pms 块状含砾砂岩相 块状层理 浊流快速堆积、砂质碎屑流 水下分流河道 中扇主体、侧缘,外扇
      Pns 正粒序含砾砂岩相 正粒序层理 高密度浊流,洪水底载载荷和悬浮载荷搬运 水下分流河道 中扇主体、侧缘、前缘,外扇
      Sm 块状砂岩相 块状层理 浊流快速堆积、砂质碎屑流 水下分流河道、前缘前端 中扇主体、侧缘、前缘,外扇
      Sc 爬升沙纹层理砂岩相 爬升沙纹层理 牵引流,洪水悬浮载荷 水下分流河道
      Sn 正粒序砂岩相 正粒序层理 高密度浊流、洪水悬浮载荷搬运 水下分流河道 中扇主体、侧缘、前缘,外扇
      Si 反粒序砂岩相 反粒序层理 高密度浊流、洪水悬浮载荷 河口坝
      Sh 平行层理砂岩相 平行层理 牵引流、洪水悬浮载荷 河口坝、水下分流河道、前缘前端 中扇主体、侧缘、前缘,外扇
      Sw 波状层理砂岩相 波状层理 牵引流、洪水悬浮载荷 河口坝、前缘前端
      Swc 浪成交错层理砂岩相 浪成交错层理 牵引流,洪水悬浮载荷 河口坝、前缘前端
      M 砂质泥岩/泥岩相 块状层理、水平层理 低密度浊流,悬浮沉积 水道间、湖相泥岩、前缘前端 外扇、扇间,悬浮沉积
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2020-10-07
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