Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Permian Sandstones in NW Laos and Its Tectonic Implications
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摘要: 老挝西北部的沉积演化历史一直未能很好地界定.因此，在老挝西北部地区出露较好的二叠纪地层中采集了4个砂岩样品，并系统开展了岩石学、地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的研究.岩相学表明该套样品主要包括了长石石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩和杂砂岩.全岩地球化学结果显示这些砂岩样品以高SiO2（64.9%~91.2%）、高Al2O3（5.0%~17.4%）和高CIA（59.6~89.9）为特征，说明它们经历了中等至强的风化作用.另外，样品的微量元素地球化学特征也暗示其物源主要为来自岛弧环境和活动大陆边缘的长英质岩石，并伴有少量再循环沉积物.碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学结果显示出这4个样品具有1 880~1 870 Ma、1 470~1 450 Ma、890~860 Ma、450~415 Ma和275~252 Ma的5个主要年龄峰，其中275~252 Ma为最大的沉积年龄，因此，可以将研究区地层时代限定在不早于晚二叠世.综合前人研究及与邻近盆地碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系的对比，认为前志留纪的锆石大多来自于扬子板块古老基底的再循环沉积物，志留纪至二叠纪的碎屑锆石主要来源于长山带、昌宁-孟连带、临沧-素可泰岩浆岩带和邻近金三角地区，证明了印支板块北缘与思茅地块在古特提斯演化时期为一个整体，在二叠纪时期具有扬子板块的亲缘性.Abstract: The sedimentary evolution history of Northwest Laos has not been well defined. Therefore, it studied the petrology, geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology systematically by using four sandstone samples collected from the well-exposed strata of Permian in NW Laos. Petrography shows that this set of samples mainly includes feldspathic quartz sandstone, lithic sandstone and greywacke. Whole-rock geochemical analyses suggest that these samples are characterized by high SiO2 (64.9%-91.2%), high Al2O3 content (5.0%-17.4%) and high CIA index (59.6-89.9), indicating that they have undergone moderate to strong weathering. Moreover, the trace elements of these samples reveal that the sediment provenance includes felsic rocks from an active continental margin or continental arc with minor amounts of recycled materials. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages suggest 5 significant peaks: 1 880-1 870 Ma, 1 470-1 450 Ma, 890-860 Ma, 450-415 Ma and 275-252 Ma. The youngest age spectrum of all the detrital zircons is 275-252 Ma, which constrains the deposited age to the Late Permian. Based on our studies and comparisons through the detrital zircons from adjacent basins, it proposes that the Pre-Silurian zircons were mainly originated from the recycled sediments of the Yangtze block, the Silurian to Permian detrital zircons were originated from the Truong Son, Changning-Menglian, Lincang-Sukhothai zones and Golden Triangle region. It is proved that the northern margin of the Indochina block and Simao block was a whole during the Paleotethys evolution period. Northern Indochina block showed affinity to Yangtze block in the Permian period.
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Key words:
- Northern Laos /
- Permian /
- detrital zircon /
- provenance analysis /
- geochemistry
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图 1 中南半岛构造纲要简图
修改自Sone and Metcalfe（2008）；Wang et al.（2018）；Qian et al.（2020）；审图号为GS（2021）5443号
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch map of Indo-China Peninsula
图 4 老挝西北部地区砂岩样品显微镜下照片
Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；L.岩屑
Fig. 4. Microscopic photographs for the sandstones from northwestern Laos
图 5 代表性锆石阴极发光(CL)照片
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence images (CL) of the representative zircon grains of samples
图 6 老挝西北部地区二叠纪砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb谐和图及年龄频谱图
Fig. 6. U-Pb concordia diagrams and histograms of U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from study area
图 7 老挝西北部地区砂岩样品主量元素分类图
Fig. 7. Chemical classification diagram of sandstone samples based on major elements
图 8 老挝西北部二叠纪砂岩球粒陨石标准化(a)和澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)标准化(b)稀土元素配分图解
球粒陨石标准值引自Sun and McDonough（1989）；PAAS据Taylor and McLennan（1985）；大陆岛弧杂砂岩和活动大陆边缘杂砂岩数据来自Bhatia（1986）
Fig. 8. Chondrite (a) and post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS) (b) normalized rare earth element distribution patterns for the samples from study area
图 9 老挝西北部地区二叠纪砂岩风化特征A-CN-K图
Fig. 9. A-CN-K diagram for evaluating Permian sandstones weathering process of northwestern Laos
图 10 老挝西北部地区二叠纪砂岩构造环境的判别图La/Th-Hf判别图(a), La-Th-Sc判别图(b), Th-Sc-Zr/10判别图(c)
a.据Floyd and Leveridge(1987)；b.据Bhatia(1983)；Bhatia and Crook(1986)；c.据Bhatia(1983)；Bhatia and Crook(1986)
Fig. 10. Diagrams for discriminating tectonic settings of Permian sandstones from northwestern Laos
图 11 老挝西北部地区碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年龄特征与邻区对比
Fig. 11. Detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution for NW Laos region, comparing with those from Muang Xai basin (Wang et al., 2017b), Simao basin (Wang et al., 2014), western margin of South China (Xu et al., 2019) and Lhasa terrane (Leier et al., 2007)
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