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    武汉东湖是如何形成的?

    李长安 张玉芬 李国庆 郭汝军 陈雨

    李长安, 张玉芬, 李国庆, 郭汝军, 陈雨, 2021. 武汉东湖是如何形成的?. 地球科学, 46(12): 4562-4572. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.086
    引用本文: 李长安, 张玉芬, 李国庆, 郭汝军, 陈雨, 2021. 武汉东湖是如何形成的?. 地球科学, 46(12): 4562-4572. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.086
    Li Chang'an, Zhang Yufen, Li Guoqing, Guo Rujun, Chen Yu, 2021. Formation of East Lake, Wuhan, Eastern China. Earth Science, 46(12): 4562-4572. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.086
    Citation: Li Chang'an, Zhang Yufen, Li Guoqing, Guo Rujun, Chen Yu, 2021. Formation of East Lake, Wuhan, Eastern China. Earth Science, 46(12): 4562-4572. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.086

    武汉东湖是如何形成的?

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.086
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41871019

    国家自然科学基金项目 41672355

    省市级项目“武汉市多要素城市地质调查示范项目” WHDYS-2018-007

    中国工程科技发展战略湖北研究院武汉分院咨询研究项目 HB2020C18

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      李长安(1956-), 男, 教授, 主要从事地貌学与第四纪地质学的教学与科研工作.ORCID: 0000-0002-7401-0725.E-mail: 1002858465@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      张玉芬, E-mail: zhyfcug@163.com

    • 中图分类号: P581

    Formation of East Lake, Wuhan, Eastern China

    • 摘要: 东湖位于湖北省武汉市中心城区,是中国乃至亚洲最大的城中湖之一.她是首批国家重点风景名胜区和国家5A级旅游景区.武汉市正在打造东湖城市生态绿心.东湖对于武汉在资源、环境、生态、人文各方面均具有重要意义.关于东湖的成因长期众说纷纭.研究首次从地质、地貌、沉积等方面对东湖的成因进行了分析,并对东湖与长江的关系进行了讨论.(1)东湖位于中-晚更新世形成的岗地区.湖汊发育,岸线蜿蜒,岬湾交错,是东湖最大的特点.(2)东湖的湖相沉积厚度各处不一,总体呈现南薄北厚、边缘薄中间厚的特点.下伏主要地层为晚更新世下蜀黄土,在靠近基岩残丘的南部边缘局部为晚更新世坡积层,两者之间为明显的侵蚀接触关系.(3)东湖的湖盆形成于距今2万年左右的末次冰期盛期.东海海平面的大幅度下降,长江河床深切.发育于长江南岸珞珈山、南望山、喻家山一带的地表径流,在汇入长江时因江水水位较低而发生侵蚀,形成多条冲沟组合而成的侵蚀洼地.之后,随着冰后期的全球变暖,长江水位快速上升,两岸天然堤发育、壮大,使侵蚀洼地的出口被淤塞,逐渐积水成湖,即东湖为沟谷壅塞湖.(4)根据湖泊地质地貌特征,东湖与沙湖是两个不同成因且相对独立的湖泊;长江并未经东湖流过.但东湖的形成与长江有关,乃是全球气候变化驱动下海、江、湖相互作用的产物.(5)东湖之美,美于自然.保护其自然特质,顺应其自然规律,是东湖保护与利用必须坚持的原则.将湖域、湖岸、岸上作为一个整体,将水域和流域作为一个系统,按照山水林田湖草生命共同体的科学理念,对东湖进行整体性和系统性的保护与治理是十分必要的.

       

    • 图  1  东湖地质图

      Fig.  1.  Geological map of East Lake

      图  2  东湖的自然形态特征(据1919年磨山幅地形图)

      Fig.  2.  Natural morphological characteristics of East Lake (according to the Moshan topographic map in 1919)

      图  3  东湖下穿通道磨山湖岸-湖心岛段地质剖面

      1.人工填土;2.全新世湖相层;3.全新世砂质黏土;4.晚更新世下蜀土;5.中更新世红土;6.公安寨组砂岩

      Fig.  3.  Geological section from Moshan Lakeshore to mid-lake island of East Lake underpass

      图  4  两湖隧道东湖水下段钻孔联孔剖面

      1. 全新世湖相层;2.晚更新世下蜀土;3.中更新世红土;4.更新世坡积物;5.公安寨组砂岩6.角度不整合

      Fig.  4.  Section of conjoined borehole in East Lake underwater section of Lianghu tunnel

      图  5  ZK144孔0~5 m岩心特征

      Fig.  5.  Core characteristics from 0-5 m of ZK144 borehole

      图  6  东湖和沙湖之间的岗梁(1927年美国陆军测绘,1∶25 000)

      Fig.  6.  Ridge between East Lake and Shahu Lake (Mapping by US Army in 1927, 1∶25 000)

      图  7  东湖-沙湖地质特征示意

      1.全新世冲积层;2.全新世湖相层;3.晚更新世下蜀土;4.中更新世红土

      Fig.  7.  Sketch map of geological characteristics of East Lake and Shahu Lake

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