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    基于数值模拟的戈龙布滑坡‒堵江‒溃决洪水地质灾害链动力学过程重建

    贾珂程 庄建琦 占洁伟 王世宝 牛鹏尧 牟家琦 王杰 郑佳 付玉婷

    贾珂程, 庄建琦, 占洁伟, 王世宝, 牛鹏尧, 牟家琦, 王杰, 郑佳, 付玉婷, 2023. 基于数值模拟的戈龙布滑坡‒堵江‒溃决洪水地质灾害链动力学过程重建. 地球科学, 48(9): 3402-3419. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.124
    引用本文: 贾珂程, 庄建琦, 占洁伟, 王世宝, 牛鹏尧, 牟家琦, 王杰, 郑佳, 付玉婷, 2023. 基于数值模拟的戈龙布滑坡‒堵江‒溃决洪水地质灾害链动力学过程重建. 地球科学, 48(9): 3402-3419. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.124
    Jia Kecheng, Zhuang Jianqi, Zhan Jiewei, Wang Shibao, Niu Pengyao, Mu Jiaqi, Wang Jie, Zheng Jia, Fu Yuting, 2023. Reconstruction of the Dynamic Process of the Holocene Gelongbu Landslide-Blocking-Flood Geological Disaster Chain Based on Numerical Simulation. Earth Science, 48(9): 3402-3419. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.124
    Citation: Jia Kecheng, Zhuang Jianqi, Zhan Jiewei, Wang Shibao, Niu Pengyao, Mu Jiaqi, Wang Jie, Zheng Jia, Fu Yuting, 2023. Reconstruction of the Dynamic Process of the Holocene Gelongbu Landslide-Blocking-Flood Geological Disaster Chain Based on Numerical Simulation. Earth Science, 48(9): 3402-3419. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.124

    基于数值模拟的戈龙布滑坡‒堵江‒溃决洪水地质灾害链动力学过程重建

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.124
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41941019

    国家自然科学基金项目 41922054

    国家重点研发计划项目 2020YFC1512000

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      贾珂程(1996-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地质工程方面研究. ORCID: 0000-0003-3344-8613. E-mail: 103494702@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      庄建琦,ORCID: 0000-0001-7565-8008. E-mail: jqzhuang@chd.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P642.22

    Reconstruction of the Dynamic Process of the Holocene Gelongbu Landslide-Blocking-Flood Geological Disaster Chain Based on Numerical Simulation

    • 摘要: 以全新世戈龙布古滑坡堵江溃决洪水地质灾害链为例,采用野外调查、PFC3D滑坡动力学数值模拟和HEC-RAS溃决洪水模拟,再现了该滑坡滑‒堵‒溃灾害链全过程.首先通过野外调查查明了该滑坡的特征,戈龙布滑坡总体积约7.92×107 m3,主滑方向为NW335°,最大滑动距离为2.3 km,最大堆积厚度约150 m.利用离散元软件对该滑坡启动和堆积过程模拟,戈龙布滑坡滑动过程持续了103 s,最大速度可达57 m/s,且在滑动过程中呈现出破碎程度区域差异性的运动学特性;大部分颗粒在运动过程中保持了其原始的位置顺序,堆积体物质特点为单个颗粒与块体团簇共存,破碎作用较弱.滑坡堆积体面积约为1.8×106 m2,鞍部高143 m,左岸、右岸高程分别为2 030 m和2 063 m.滑坡堵塞黄河形成的堰塞坝厚度达143 m,上游形成面积为128 km2、库容为4.87×109 m3的堰塞湖.通过模拟不同溃坝程度(15%、25%、50%和75%)下洪水演进过程,溃口下泄流量在30 mins内迅速增大达到一个顶峰,然后呈缓速减小;溃口最大峰值流量分别为15 137.9 m3/s、52 192.9 m3/s、157 375.5 m3/s和326 703.6 m3/s,并分析了下游各断面的洪峰流量和水位特征.讨论了洪水演进与喇家遗址的关系,发现在25%溃坝时,溃口洪峰流量为52 192.9 m3/s,喇家遗址处水深为27.1 m;75%溃决时,到达二里头遗址的最大流量相当于黄河百年一遇洪水流量.研究结果对开展黄河上游古滑坡动力学过程和溃决洪水研究具有一定的参考.

       

    • 图  1  研究区域概况

      Fig.  1.  Study area setting

      图  2  戈龙布滑坡分布特征

      a. 戈龙布滑坡启动区和堆积区;b. A-A′纵剖面,据彭建兵等(1997

      Fig.  2.  Distribution characteristics of gelongbu landslide

      图  3  滑坡启动区特征

      a. 滑床;b. 冲沟;c. 上浪子沟左侧与滑面产状相近的层状岩体

      Fig.  3.  Characteristics of landslide starting zone

      图  4  左岸堆积体

      Fig.  4.  Left bank accumulation body

      图  5  右岸堆积体

      Fig.  5.  Right bank accumulation body

      图  6  模拟单轴压缩试验模型

      Fig.  6.  Simulated triaxial test model

      图  7  三维模型构建

      a. 滑坡模型;b. 滑体分块;c. 剖面图

      Fig.  7.  3D model building

      图  8  平均速度‒时间曲线

      Fig.  8.  Average velocity-time curve of sliding masses

      图  9  不同时刻滑坡分析结果

      Fig.  9.  Landslide analysis results at different times

      a. t=8 s; b. t=23 s; c. t=32 s; d. t=50 s; e. t=70 s; f. t=103 s

      图  10  监测点运动速度

      Fig.  10.  Velocity of movement of monitoring points

      图  11  滑坡堆积特征

      a. 野外考察堆积区和模拟堆积区;b. 堆积厚度;c和d. 粘结网络,其中蓝色代表破碎颗粒间的粘结,红色代表团簇粘结

      Fig.  11.  Landslide accumulation characteristics

      图  12  块体团簇分布特征

      a. 平面分布;b. 分段统计

      Fig.  12.  Distribution of clusters

      图  13  l-l′纵剖面

      Fig.  13.  Cross-section l-l

      图  14  库容‒高程曲线

      Fig.  14.  Reservoir capacity-elevation curve

      图  15  不同程度大坝溃坝下溃口流量过程线

      Fig.  15.  Process lines of burst flow under different degrees of dam failure

      图  16  沿程洪峰流量变化趋势

      Fig.  16.  Trend of peak flow along the path

      图  17  不同溃决程度下断面最高水位及河道宽度

      Fig.  17.  The highest water level and channel width of different outburst degrees

      图  18  堰塞湖溃决前的保存时间

      Fig.  18.  Survival time before the failure of landslide dams

      图  19  沿程溃决洪水最大水深及喇家遗址剖面(据吴庆龙等,2009, 修改)

      Fig.  19.  Maximum depth of the water and the geological section of Lajia Site (modified by Wu et al., 2009)

      表  1  数值模型与室内试验的单轴试验比较

      Table  1.   Comparison of the uniaxial test between the numerical model and the laboratory experiment

      参数 室内试验 模型试验
      密度(kg/m3 2 650 2 650
      杨氏模量(GPa) 19 18
      单轴抗压强度(MPa) 64 64
      泊松比 0.27 0.26
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  三轴试验模拟结果参数

      Table  2.   Parameters of triaxial test results

      参数 参数取值
      颗粒法向刚度$ {\mathit{k}}_{\bf{n}} $(MPa) 6.7
      颗粒刚度比$ {\mathit{k}}_{\bf{n}}/{\mathit{k}}_{\bf{s}} $ 1
      颗粒摩擦因子μ 0.3
      颗粒粘结半径系数$ \stackrel{-}{\mathit{\lambda }} $ 1
      平行粘结模量$ \overline{{\mathit{E}}_{\bf{c}}} $(GPa) 3.1
      粘结刚度比$ \overline{{\mathit{k}}_{\bf{n}}}/\overline{{\mathit{k}}_{\bf{s}}} $ 1.2
      平行法向粘结应力$ \overline{{\mathit{\sigma }}_{\bf{b}}} $(MPa) 71
      平行切向粘结强度$ \overline{{\mathit{\tau }}_{\bf{b}}} $(MPa) 71
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2021-06-02
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