Petrogenesis of the Syenogranite in the Xiaowulangou Area of Southern Great Xing'an Range: Constraints from Zircon LA⁃ICP⁃MS U⁃Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry and Hf Isotopes
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摘要: 大兴安岭南段西坡发育有大量晚侏罗世-早白垩世花岗岩，深入讨论岩石成因对该地区中生代地球动力学背景及其构造演化的研究具有重要地质意义.报道了小乌兰沟正长花岗岩的锆石LA⁃ICP⁃MS U⁃Pb年龄，全岩地球化学及锆石Hf同位素数据.小乌兰沟正长花岗岩的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为139.4±0.7 Ma，属早白垩世. 样品主量元素表现为富硅、富钾的高钾钙碱性系列岩石，A/CNK值介于1.00~1.11之间，属弱过铝质. 微量元素富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE），Eu负异常明显（δEu=0.007~0.009），Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值基本小于350×10-6，含磁铁矿，未见原生白云母和碱性暗色矿物，属高分异I型花岗岩. 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩εHf（t）值介于+5.5~+8.9之间，Hf同位素模式年龄tDM2变化于700~947 Ma之间.结合区域研究，小乌兰沟正长花岗岩为上元古界变基性岩与中奥陶统变中性岩在低压、高温条件下发生部分熔融作用形成，是蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后伸展作用的产物.Abstract: TheLate Jurassic⁃Early Cretaceous granites are widely developed in the west slop of Southern Great Xing'an Range, and an in⁃depth study of the petrogenesis is of great geological significance to reveal the Mesozoic geodynamic background and tectonic evolution. In this paper, we report for the zircon LA⁃ICP⁃MS U⁃Pb age and Hf isotopic data, whole⁃rock major and trace element composition data from Xiaowulangousyeno granite. LA⁃ICP⁃MS U⁃Pb dating yields a weighted mean of 139.4±0.7 Ma, indicating that Xiaowulangousyeno granite formed in the Early Cretaceous. Geochemically, the syenogranite belongs to Si⁃K⁃rich calc⁃alkaline series, A/CNK=1.00~1.11 and are weak peraluminous. The syenogranite enriched in Rb, Th, U(LILE) and light rare earth elements(LREE), relatively depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti(HFSE), withobvious Eu negative anomaly(δEu=0.007~0.009). In addition, the (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) values of syenograniteis less than 350×10⁃6. The syenogranite contains magnetite, and no primary muscovite and alkaline mafic minerals. All these features above suggest that Xiaowulangousyenogranite belongs to highly fractionated Ⅰ⁃type granite. The zircons εHf(t) values of syenogranite are +5.5~+8.9, and the two stage model ages (tDM2) range 700 Ma to 947 Ma. Combined with the reginoal geological background, we conclude that the Xiaowulangousyenograniteoriginated from the partial melting of upper Proterozoic meta⁃mafic rocks and middle Ordovician meta⁃andesite rocks under low pressure and high temperature, and the syenogranitewas the product of extension after the closure of Mongol⁃Okhotsk Ocean.
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图 1 东北亚构造分区图(a)(据Tang et al. 2016)和中国东北显生宙花岗岩类地质略图(b) (据Li et al., 2021)
Fig. 1. (a) Tectonic subdivision of the NE Asia (modified after Tang et al., 2016), and (b)geological map of Phanerozoic granitoids in NE China (after Li et al., 2021)
图 2 小乌兰沟及相邻区域地质
据内蒙古自治区地质调查院，2019.内蒙古锡林浩特市-巴林左旗铜多金属矿成矿规律及选区研究
Fig. 2. Simplied geological map in Xiaowulangou and its adjacent area
图 3 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩野外露头(a、c)、手标本(b)及镜下显微照片(d)
Bi. 黑云母; Pl. 斜长石; Kf. 钾长石; Q. 石英
Fig. 3. Field photographs (a, c), hand specimens (b) and microphotographs (d) of the Xiaowulangousyenogranite
图 4 小乌兰沟地区正长花岗岩锆石阴极发光图像及U⁃Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 4. Concordia diagram of zircon U⁃Pb ages and CL images of syenogranite in the Xiaowulangou area
图 5 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩SiO2⁃K2O图(a)(据Peccerillo et al., 1976)和A/CNK⁃A/NK图(b) (据Maniar et al., 1989)
Fig. 5. Plot of SiO2 vs. K2O(a)(after Peccerillo et al., 1976) and A/CNK vs. A/NK(b)(after Maniar et al., 1989) of syenogranite from the Xiaowulangou area
图 6 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩球粒陨石标准化稀土模式配分图(a)(标准化值据Boynton, 1984)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)(标准化值据Sun et al., 1989)
Fig. 6. Chondrite⁃normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle normalized trace element multi⁃variation diagrams (b) for syenogranite from the Xiaowulangou area (chondrite⁃normalization and primitive mantle⁃normalization values from Boynton, 1984 and Sun et al., 1989)
图 7 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩成因类型判别图解(b, c, d据Whalen et al., 1987)
Fig. 7. Discrimination diagrams for the syenogranite from the Xiaowulangou area (b, c, d after Whalen et al., 1987)
图 8 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩Th/Hf⁃Th(a)和Ce/Zr⁃Ce(b)图解
Fig. 8. Th/Hf⁃Th (a) and Ce/Zr⁃Ce (b) diagrams for Xiaowulangou syenogranite
图 9 小乌兰沟正长花岗岩基于批式熔融模型的稀土元素模拟
a. 变中性岩低压部分熔融过程（5 kbar）；b. 变中性岩高压部分熔融过程（10 kbar）；c. 变基性岩低压部分熔融过程（5 kbar）；d. 变基性岩高压部分熔融过程（10 kbar）；标准化值据Boynton（1984）；初始成分为包尔汉图群变中性岩（中国地质大学地质调查研究院，2012. 锡林浩特幅、种蓄场桃林塔拉分场幅、锡林浩特炼铜厂幅、巴音胡硕分场幅区域地质调查）、锡林郭勒杂岩变基性岩（内蒙古自治区地质调查院，2018. 内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特等4幅1∶5万区域矿产地质调查）
Fig. 9. REE modelling based on batch melting model for the Xiaowulangou syenogranite
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