Analysis of Recharge Source of Karst Spring Water Based on Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes
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摘要: 为了探明喀斯特泉水补给机理. 基于2017年4月~2020年12月监测的黄龙泉域氢氧稳定同位素数据，运用一元线性回归、多元线性回归、三角函数回归等模型，探讨泉域水体氢氧稳定同位素、水文、电导率变化特征及其耦合关系，揭示泉水补给来源过程. 结果表明：(1)泉水、河水的δD、δ18O值在丰水期大于枯水期，洞穴滴水、溪水的δD、δ18O值则与区域大气降水相似，枯水期大于丰水期.(2)泉域的氘过量值(dexcess)在丰水期大于枯水期，泉水水位、δD、δ18O、电导率对降水产生季节性耦合响应，泉水补给过程受喀斯特系统的“活塞效应”及降水的“稀释效应”影响.(3)洞穴滴水的δD、δ18O季节性特征呈现出洞穴内部大于靠近洞口；泉域各水体δD余弦函数拟合出现波谷的时间顺序为：溪水 > 洞穴滴水 > 河水 > 泉水，对大气降水响应的时间依次延迟.(4)泉水受大气降水入渗和流自非喀斯特地区的风化裂隙水的常年混合补给. 剖析喀斯特地区泉域氢氧同位素特征和水文动态、径流过程及补给机理，对喀斯特地区水资源的调控、管理、保护具有重要借鉴意义.Abstract: In order to explore the recharge mechanism of karst spring. Based on the data of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes monitored from April 2017 to December 2020 in Huanglong spring catchment monitored from April 2017 to December 2020, the models of unary linear regression, multiple linear regression, and trigonometric regression were used to explore the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, hydrology, and conductivity changes in the spring waters and their coupling relationships to reveal the process of spring recharge sources. The results show that: (1) The δD and δ18O values of spring water and river water were greater in the wet period than in the dry period, and the δD and δ18O values of cave drip water and stream water were similar to the stable isotope value of regional atmospheric precipitation, which were greater in the dry period than in the wet period. (2) The d-excess values of the spring catchment were greater in the wet period than in the dry period, and the water level, δD, δ18O and conductivity of the spring produced a seasonal coupling response to precipitation, and the recharge process of spring was influenced by the "piston effect" of the karst system and the "dilution effect" of the precipitation. (3) The seasonal characteristics of δD and δ18O of cave drips show that the drips inside the cave were larger than those near the cave entrance; the time sequence of troughs in the δD cosine function of the spring domain: stream water > cave drips > river water > spring water, and the response time to atmospheric precipitation was successively delayed. (4) The spring was recharged by the perennial mixture of infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and the weathering fissure water flowing from non-karst areas. The analyses of the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, hydrologic dynamics, runoff process and recharge mechanism in karst region have important reference significance for the control, management and protection of water resources in karst area.
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Key words:
- karst /
- springs /
- hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes /
- recharge mechanisms /
- Huanglong spring catchment /
- hydrogeology
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图 4 各采样点δD、dexcess、气温、降水的年际变化趋势
Fig. 4. The interannual variation trend of δD, dexcess, temperature and precipitation at each sampling point
图 5 黄龙泉域各采样点δD-δ18O关系
Fig. 5. δD-δ18O diagram of each sampling point in Huanglong spring catchment
图 6 丰水期、枯水期泉水的δD-δ18O关系
Fig. 6. The δD-δ18O diagram of spring water in wet season and dry season
图 10 黄龙泉水水位、电导率、δD耦合响应关系
Fig. 10. Coupling response relationship of water level, electrical conductivity and δD in Huanglong spring
图 11 泉域δD时间序列及其余弦拟合曲线
Fig. 11. δD time series and cosine fitting curve of spring catchment
表 1 各采样点δD、δ18O、dexcess变化范围
Table 1. Variation range of δD、δ18O and dexcess at each sampling point
采样点 δ18O(‰) δD(‰) dexcess (‰) 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 W1 ‒10.81 ‒11.75 ‒11.26 ‒76.95 ‒83.13 ‒80.16 12.51 8.07 9.95 W2 ‒10.15 ‒12.05 ‒10.97 ‒71.95 ‒86.55 ‒77.59 12.31 8.16 10.21 J1 ‒10.23 ‒12.15 ‒11.83 ‒78.47 ‒85.49 ‒84.71 12.06 3.38 9.90 J2 ‒11.66 ‒12.36 ‒12.04 ‒83.03 ‒87.84 ‒86.11 11.87 8.43 10.25 溪水 ‒11.10 ‒12.48 ‒11.94 ‒76.78 ‒89.23 ‒84.44 13.01 7.37 11.06 泉水 ‒12.03 ‒12.85 ‒12.53 ‒85.08 ‒91.42 ‒89.37 13.30 8.51 10.86 河水 ‒11.64 ‒12.81 ‒12.45 ‒82.16 ‒91.49 ‒88.63 13.15 9.42 10.99 
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表 2 各采样点δD峰值波谷出现时间
Table 2. The time of δD peak trough at each sampling point
采样点 日期 波峰 波谷 波峰 波谷 波峰 波谷 W1 2017‒06‒01 2017‒12‒01 2018‒06‒01 2018‒12‒01 2019‒06‒01 2019‒11‒31 W2 / 2017‒09‒18 2018‒03‒19 2018‒09‒18 2019‒03‒19 2019‒08‒18 J1 2017‒08‒04 2018‒02‒13 2018‒08‒14 2019‒02‒13 2019‒08‒14 / J2 2017‒06‒14 2017‒12‒13 2018‒06‒14 2018‒12‒13 2019‒06‒14 2019‒12‒13 溪水 / 2017‒10‒27 2018‒04‒28 2018‒10‒27 2019‒04‒28 2019‒10‒27 泉水 2017‒09‒10 2018‒03‒12 2018‒09‒10 2019‒03‒12 2019‒08‒10 / 河水 2017‒07‒21 2018‒01‒20 2018‒07‒21 2019‒01‒20 2019‒07‒21 /
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表 3 各采样点的滞留时间
Table 3. Retention time of each sampling point
W1 W2 J1 J2 溪水 泉水 河水 滞留时间(d) 50 44 不明显 / 11 41 16
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