Origin of Deep Oil and Gas Phase State Diversity and Evaluation of Secondary Geochemical Intensity: A Case Study of Marine Oil and Gas in Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔里木盆地海相油气的地球化学性质与相态类型复杂多样，从一张油藏剖面上可以看到稠油、黑油、凝析油、天然气等共存.综合运用多种地球化学分析方法，获取了塔里木盆地深层海相油气的相态类型、次生作用过程等信息，通过对不同相态类型油气地球化学特征的对比研究，论证了海相油气遭受生物降解、气侵分馏、硫酸盐热化学还原反应（thermochemical sulfate reduction，TSR）、热裂解等次生地球化学作用的改造机制与过程；建立了基于硫代金刚烷、乙基降金刚烷等次生地球化学作用的产物对次生改造强度定量的评价参数公式，应用于油气性质与相态的定性预测，对于深层油气相态钻前预测具有一定的指导意义.Abstract: The geochemical properties and phase types of marine oil and gas in Tarim basin are complex and diverse. Heavy oil, normal oil, condensate and natural gas coexist from a reservoir profile. By comprehensively applying various geochemical analysis methods, the information of phase types, components and stable isotopes of deep-seated Marine oil and gas in Tarim basin is obtained, and the geochemical characteristics of different phase types of oil and gas are compared, and demonstrate a variety of secondary geochemical mechanisms and processes such as biodegradation, gas invasion and fractionation, thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), and thermal cracking of marine oil and gas; And further the quantitative evaluation parameters formulae for the strength of secondary transformation based on the products of secondary geochemistry such as thiadiamondoids and ethanodiamondoids were established respectively, can be effectively used in the qualitative prediction of the spatial distribution of oil and gas properties and phase behavior, the diversity of deep oil and gas phase formation mechanism and distribution of prediction before drilling and has certain theory and guiding significance.
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图 1 塔里木盆地塔中-塔北油气藏剖面图与相态图
Fig. 1. Oil and gas reservoir profile and phase diagram of the Tazhong-Tabei area in the Tarim basin
图 2 塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘及轮南地区原油物理性质
Fig. 2. Physical properties of oil in Halahatang and Lunnan areas of the Tarim basin
图 3 哈拉哈塘北部及轮南低凸起西部地区原油样品的TIC、m/z191和m/z177质量色谱图
Fig. 3. Mass chromatograms of TIC, m/z191 and m/z177 of oil samples in the northern part of Halahatang and the western part of Lunnan Low Uplift
图 4 哈拉哈塘地区生物降解程度评价图
Fig. 4. Evaluation of the degree of biodegradation in the Halahatang area
图 5 轮古地区奥陶系原油正构烷烃分布特征
Fig. 5. Distribution of n-alkanes in Ordovician oil in the Lungu area
图 6 轮古地区天然气碳同位素分异值与气侵强度参数的关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between gas carbon isotope differentiation and gas invasion intensity parameters in the Lungu area
图 7 台盆区代表性凝析油、挥发油、黑油中金刚烷系列化合物类型与分布
Fig. 7. Types and distribution of diamondoids in representative condensate oil, volatile oil and black oil in the cratonic basin area
图 8 古城-顺南地区天然气碳同位素之间的相关关系
Fig. 8. Relationship between gas carbon isotopes in the Gucheng-Shunnan area
图 9 GOR和金刚烷类化合物参数及原油裂解程度指数关系
Fig. 9. The relationship between GOR and diamondoids parameters and crude oil cracking degree index
图 11 塔中地区原油中含硫化合物种类及特征
Fig. 11. Types and Characteristics of the Sulfur Compounds in the Oil samples in the Tazhong area
图 12 塔中地区原油中含硫化合物种类与分布图
Fig. 12. Types and distribution of sulfur compounds in oil in Tazhong area
表 1 次生地球化学作用发生条件、作用机理、产物及评价参数
Table 1. The onset conditions, mechanism, products, and evaluation parameters of secondary geochemical process
次生作用类型 发生条件 作用机理 特征产物 最终产物 评价参数 生物降解作用 浅层、温度 < 80 ℃ 细菌等生物对原油的降解改造 沥青质 稠油、沥青质 25-降藿烷、MA/A > 6 气侵作用 多期充注地区、大量天然气生成 外来天然气侵入古油藏后导致油气性质和油藏相态发生变化 金刚烷、乙基降金刚烷 天然气、轻质油 Q > 40%、δ13Cc2-c1 < 0 热裂解作用 深层高温 油藏受热力作用发生裂解，导致原油的重组分裂解成轻组分 甲烷、干沥青 干气、干沥青、焦沥青-气田 $\begin{gathered} \text { 4-+ 3-甲基双金刚烷含量 } C_1(\%) \\ =\frac{G O R}{G O R+0.98 \times 10^3} \times 100 \% \\ C_2(\%)=\left(1-C_0 / C_{\mathrm{D}}\right) \times 100 \% \end{gathered} $ 硫酸盐热化学还原反应 含碳酸岩、温度 > 140 ℃ 烃类与地层中硫酸盐在温度大于140 ℃时发生的复杂反应 硫代金刚烷、含硫化合物 硫化氢、二氧化碳等酸性气体 高浓度的硫化氢、硫代金刚烷
> 30×10-6
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