Seismic Identification of the Jurassic Volcano-Sedimentary series in the Hailar Basin and Lithofacies Palaeogeography Reconstruction
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摘要: 海拉尔盆地侏罗系塔木兰沟组火山岩显示有巨大油气勘探潜力. 海拉尔盆地内侏罗系“塔木兰沟组”火山喷发期次和岩相分布尚不清楚，制约了盆内火山岩型油气藏勘探部署.针对海拉尔盆地火山岩相复杂且相变快，火山机构类型多样等特点，通过野外露头调查、年代学资料和单井和连井地震对比，利用地震剖面、时间切片、三维可视化和均方根振幅属性提取等技术，对盆内各个凹陷开展火山-沉积岩识别、旋回划分和岩相古地理恢复.野外露头、测井、地震反射、火山岩U⁃Pb年代学等证据都表明海拉尔盆地侏罗系发育2期火山-沉积旋回. 火山喷发沉静期于火山机构外围发育沉积岩夹层，在地震剖面上形成的连续反射且可区域追踪对比，可以作为旋回划分依据. 利用均方根振幅属性对岩性敏感特性来勾勒火山机构和外围的沉积岩.盆内第1期火山-沉积旋回岩以中基性火山岩、酸性火山岩和沉积岩为特征，对应于盆地外围的塔木兰沟组. 第2期火山-沉积旋回岩以酸性火山岩和沉积岩为主，对应于盆地外围的玛尼吐组. 盆内西部凹陷带主要发育火山机构和裙边砂砾岩体，中部和东部凹陷带主要发育湖相砂岩和泥岩. 各个凹陷内火山机构主要集中在盆地或斜坡带，侏罗系火山-沉积发育具有明显的火山-断陷湖盆特征，与区域上额尔古纳和德尔布干断裂空间展布关系密切.Abstract: Jurassic volcanic rocks of the Tamulangou Formation show great potential for oil and gas exploration, but it is not clear that the volcanic eruption cycles and paleogeography of the Tamulangou Formation, which restricts the exploration for volcanic reservoirs in the basin. Considering the complicated volcanic facies that are often fast changed and various volcanic edifices, this paper comprehensively analyzes outcrop investigation, volcanic U⁃Pb geochronology, drilling and logging, and seismic data, and uses the technology of seismic reflection features, time slice, three⁃dimensional visualization and Mean Square Root Amplitude property to identify volcano⁃sedimentary series, volcanic eruption cycles and lithological paleogeography of each sag in Hailaer Basin. These lines of evidence suggest that Jurassic rocks in Hailaer Basin developed two sets of volcanic⁃sedimentary cycles. Sedimentary beds that deposited outside volcanic edifices during the intermittent period of volcanic eruptions are used as mark beds to regionally recognize eruption cycles due to the continuous reflections formed on the corresponding seismic profile. The Mean Square Root Amplitude that is sensitive to lithology is used to outline volcanic edifices and their surrounding sedimentary beds. The first volcanic⁃sedimentary cycle is characterized by mafic to acidic volcanic rocks and sedimentary intervals that correspond to the Tamulangou Formation outside of the basin. The second volcanic⁃sedimentary cycle is characterized by acidic volcanic rocks and sedimentary intervals, corresponding to the Manitu Formation outside of the basin. The western depression zone mainly develops volcanic edifices and volcanic⁃sedimentary aprons at the edges of the volcanic edifices. The central and eastern depression zones mainly develop lacustrine sandstone and mudstone. The volcanic edifices inside sags are mainly concentrated in the basin floor or slope zone. The Jurassic volcanic⁃sedimentary rocks in the Hailar Basin shows typical characteristics of fault⁃control lake basins, and the Erguna and Deerbugan fault zones in the region greatly influence the distribution of volcanic⁃sedimentary rocks.
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图 1 内蒙古地区海拉尔盆地凹陷分布和岩性柱状图
Fig. 1. Sag distribution and lithological histogram of Hailaer Basin, Inner Mongolia
图 2 海拉尔盆地外围和盆内中生代火山岩地层锆石U⁃Pb年龄统计
年龄数据参考Xu et al.（2013）；Dong et al.（2019）；Zhang et al.（2020）；杨晓平等（2019）；陈超等（2020）
Fig. 2. Zircon U⁃Pb age statistics of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the periphery and within the Hailaer Basin
图 4 新巴尔虎右旗双骏牧场侏罗系火山岩野外调查典型图片
a. 流纹岩，图中近水平纹理即为典型的流纹构造，玛尼吐组；b. 流纹质火山角砾岩，主要为大小不等棱角状同源火山角砾，红色箭头指示典型角砾，玛尼吐组；c. 沉凝灰岩，发育斜层理，玛尼吐组；d. 流纹质火山碎屑岩，除酸性火山碎屑外，还包括下伏塔木兰沟组棱角状玄武岩碎屑（红色箭头），指示存在不整合
Fig. 4. Photographs of typical Jurassic volcanic rocks in field geological survey of Shuangjun Ranch, Xinbaerhu Youqi area
图 5 红旗凹陷红6井岩石组合、火山岩锆石U⁃Pb测年和地震反射特征旋回划分
Fig. 5. The volcanic cycle division of the Hong 6 well and the corresponding lithological association, volcanic zircon U⁃Pb ages and seismic refection features in Hongqi Sag
图 6 乌尔逊凹陷苏37⁃49井岩石组合、自然伽马测井与地震反射特征旋回划分
Fig. 6. The volcanic cycle division of the Su37⁃49 well and the corresponding lithological association, natural gamma logging and seismic refection features in Wuerxun Sag
图 7 红旗凹陷连井三维地震剖面火山岩旋回界面识别
白色虚线显示旋回界面，红色箭头代表削截接触关系
Fig. 7. Identification of the volcanic cycle interface through three⁃dimensional seismic⁃well correlation section in Hongqi Sag
图 8 红旗凹陷无井二维地震剖面火山岩旋回界面识别
白色虚线显示旋回界面，红色箭头代表削截接触关系，黑色虚线圈闭代表丘状火山机构
Fig. 8. Identification of the volcanic cycle interfaces through non⁃well two⁃dimensional seismic section in Hongqi Sag
图 9 海拉尔盆地赫尔洪德-红旗-乌尔逊凹陷连井地震剖面旋回划分
白色虚线显示旋回界面，红色箭头代表削截接触关系，剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 9. Volcanic cycle division of seismic⁃well correlation in the Heerhongde⁃Hongqi⁃Wuerxun sags, Hailaer Basin
图 10 海拉尔盆地周缘典型火山机构火山岩野外露头观察
a. 火山中心相外带发育浅侵安山岩，发育扇形柱状节理，新巴尔虎右旗；b. 火山中心相内带（火山岩筒）的流纹斑岩，新巴尔虎右旗；c. 火山爆发相角砾岩，火山角砾包括火山同源角砾和围岩沉积岩角砾，新巴尔虎右旗；d. 垮塌火山口附近的流纹岩和内部沉积的凝灰质粉砂岩；e. 满洲里南；f. 灰绿、紫红色渣状玄武岩，下部紫红色为砂岩，呼伦湖西岸拴马桩
Fig. 10. Typical volcanic photographs of volcanic edifice in the periphery of Hailaer Basin
图 11 红旗凹陷和乌尔逊凹陷火山-沉积岩地震相识别特征
白色虚线内展示地质体外部几何和内部反射特征
Fig. 11. Representative seismic reflection features of volcano⁃sedimentary rocks in Hongqi and Wuerxun sags
图 12 红旗凹陷均方根振幅属性立体叠合图
白色虚线勾勒出丘状火山机构
Fig. 12. Three⁃dimensional superimposed map of the root⁃mean⁃square amplitude attributes of the Hongqi Sag
图 13 海拉尔盆地侏罗系塔木兰沟组沉积时期岩相古地理分布
海拉尔盆地东部其他凹陷受资料限制未进行岩相古地理恢复
Fig. 13. Jurassic lithological geography of Hailaer Basin in the sedimentary era of Tamulangou Formation
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